M A Tamers
Biographic Data
| ID | 4054268 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M A Tamers |
| GIVEN NAMES | M A |
| FAMILY NAME | Tamers |
| SIGNATURE | TAMERS M A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 108 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1964 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Archaeologic Sherd Dating: Comparison of Thermoluminescence Dates with Radiocarbon Dates by Beta Counting and Accelerator Techniques
Sherds can be dated by four independent methods: 14 C beta counting on associated material, accelerator mass spectrometry on carbon traces on and within the sherd, thermoluminescence studies on minerals within the sherd, and stylistic form. Age analyses of materials and sherds from several sites are shown in this work. Each technique has its own frequently encountered non-laboratory sources of error. A combination of at least two independent tech…
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII
The samples reported in this date list were processed during 1970. Alter preliminary sample treatments including carbonates and rootlet removal, a complete benzene synthesis was made. This liquid serves as the solvent in a liquid scintillation spectrometer, using a modified 4cc: counting vessel; 2.42g of carbon are counted with a 64% efficiency. The background is constant at 6.8 cpm
Radiocarbon Dating of Kill Sites
S Age determinations of kill sites, where charcoal is generally absent, has usually depended on radiocarbon analyses of bone material. However, it has been seen with known‐age samples that these dates are often in error due to contamination by plant products or ground water carbonates. The use of soil samples from strata both above and below, as well as the level containing the artifacts, offers important advantages. The soil profiles present seq…
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
The I.V.I.C. laboratory continues operation using liquid scintillation spectrometry with synthesized benzene. A plastic-glass counting vessel contains 3 ml benzene, 1 ml commercial toluene, and concentrations of 0.4% PPO and 0.01% POPOP as scintillators. Background is 6.9 cpm and activity of the modern standard, 95% of the activity of the NBS oxalic acid, is 21.4 cpm. In the age calculations, 5568 years is taken for the half-life of C 14 and quot…
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements V
The laboratory has been operating more than five years, supported entirely from Venezuelan government funds. Approximately 530 samples have been dated to the end of 1969. Of these, 40% are archaeologic specimens, the majority (141 samples) from Venezuela. Materials from most other countries of Latin America have been processed. The rest of the samples are from research programs of the Radiocarbon Laboratory itself. Thirty per cent of the total ar…
Validity of Radiocarbon Dates on Terrestrial Snail Shells
Radiocarbon dating of terrestrial snail shells is examined. Three groups of samples, two from archaeological sites of Venezuela and one from the state of Texas, were taken as examples. The true ages were determined from radiocarbon dates on associated charcoal, and measurements on the snail shells allowed the errors to be determined. The groups showed completely different characteristics: 15 samples from Texas all had ages falsely old, 12 specime…
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IV
The laboratory renewed operations in January, 1968 after a year's inactivity due to the absence of the head, who was on leave at the University of Bonn. Synthesized benzene continues as the dating medium, but various improvements have been made on the chemical method in order to increase capacity. Combustions are no longer carried out for normal materials. Instead, charcoal samples are used directly (after the usual pretreatment) and wood, plants…
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II
This list includes most of the dates produced from September 1967 to April 1968. The laboratory continues to use the benzene method of the previous date list (Radiocarbon, 1968, v. 10, p. 8–28); however, the counter and chemical treatment equipment were transferred to a field laboratory in order to avoid any possibility of contamination. Two new benzene synthesis lines of our own construction were added to the commercial unit. Their operation is …
Bonn Radiocarbon Measurements I
The laboratory started dating in 1966 using liquid scintillation techniques. Considerable effort has been expended on improvements in both sample preparation and detection (Pietig and Scharpenseel, 1964 and 1966). Yields now approach 100% and 4 to 6 samples are completed each week. A solution of 3 cc synthesized benzene and 1 cc “dead” commercial toluene is employed for ordinary measurements. Toluene contains PPO and POPOP scintillators that give…
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II
The dates reported in this list were measured from December, 1964 to November, 1965. The laboratory continues to employ liquid scintillation techniques with synthesized benzene; however, the chemical yield has been improved to the point where it is now between 80 and 100%. For most of the measurements listed here, a 4 cc counting vial was used with 3 cc benzene and 1 cc commercial toluene containing PPO and dimethyl-POPOP scintillators. The count…
University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates IV
This list reports routine measurements made at this laboratory since the preparation of the last list (Texas III). It also includes measurements made on bone samples earlier as part of a study of the suitability of bone for C 14 dating (Tamers and Pearson, 1965). In the absence of the laboratory director, M. A. Tamers, who has been on leave at the Caracas (IVIC) laboratory since October, 1963, laboratory operation and the selection and descriptio…
University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates III
This list reports measurements made at this laboratory since the preparation of the last list (Texas II). About twenty measurements are not reported because they are from series which are incomplete. Ages were calculated using a C 14 half-life of 5568 yr and 1950 as the reference year. The modern standard used was 95% of NBS oxalic acid activity. The deviations reported are based on the counting statistics of the sample, background, and modern, a…
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I
The I.V.I.C. laboratory started operation in December, 1963 using liquid scintillation techniques and the benzene method. The syntheses are carried out in a Packard benzene synthesizer and the solutions counted by a Packard automatic tri-carb spectrometer. For routine dating, a 4 cc counting vial is used with 2 cc benzene coming from the sample being dated and 2 cc commercial toluene added with the PPO and POPOP scintillators
University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates II
The Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory of the University of Texas was reorganized in late 1962. The dates reported in this list were obtained from February to November, 1963. The laboratory uses liquid scintillation counting with benzene solutions (Tamers, Stipp, and Collier, 1961; Noakes et al. , 1963). The chemical synthesis has been modified and improved in several ways in order to permit one worker to produce a sample per day
University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates II
The Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory of the University of Texas was reorganized in late 1962. The dates reported in this list were obtained from February to November, 1963. The laboratory uses liquid scintillation counting with benzene solutions (Tamers, Stipp, and Collier, 1961; Noakes et al. , 1963). The chemical synthesis has been modified and improved in several ways in order to permit one worker to produce a sample per day
University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates III
This list reports measurements made at this laboratory since the preparation of the last list (Texas II). About twenty measurements are not reported because they are from series which are incomplete. Ages were calculated using a C 14 half-life of 5568 yr and 1950 as the reference year. The modern standard used was 95% of NBS oxalic acid activity. The deviations reported are based on the counting statistics of the sample, background, and modern, a…
Validity of Radiocarbon Dates on Terrestrial Snail Shells
Radiocarbon dating of terrestrial snail shells is examined. Three groups of samples, two from archaeological sites of Venezuela and one from the state of Texas, were taken as examples. The true ages were determined from radiocarbon dates on associated charcoal, and measurements on the snail shells allowed the errors to be determined. The groups showed completely different characteristics: 15 samples from Texas all had ages falsely old, 12 specime…
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IV
The laboratory renewed operations in January, 1968 after a year's inactivity due to the absence of the head, who was on leave at the University of Bonn. Synthesized benzene continues as the dating medium, but various improvements have been made on the chemical method in order to increase capacity. Combustions are no longer carried out for normal materials. Instead, charcoal samples are used directly (after the usual pretreatment) and wood, plants…
Archaeologic Sherd Dating: Comparison of Thermoluminescence Dates with Radiocarbon Dates by Beta Counting and Accelerator Techniques
Sherds can be dated by four independent methods: 14 C beta counting on associated material, accelerator mass spectrometry on carbon traces on and within the sherd, thermoluminescence studies on minerals within the sherd, and stylistic form. Age analyses of materials and sherds from several sites are shown in this work. Each technique has its own frequently encountered non-laboratory sources of error. A combination of at least two independent tech…
Bonn Radiocarbon Measurements I
The laboratory started dating in 1966 using liquid scintillation techniques. Considerable effort has been expended on improvements in both sample preparation and detection (Pietig and Scharpenseel, 1964 and 1966). Yields now approach 100% and 4 to 6 samples are completed each week. A solution of 3 cc synthesized benzene and 1 cc “dead” commercial toluene is employed for ordinary measurements. Toluene contains PPO and POPOP scintillators that give…
University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates IV
This list reports routine measurements made at this laboratory since the preparation of the last list (Texas III). It also includes measurements made on bone samples earlier as part of a study of the suitability of bone for C 14 dating (Tamers and Pearson, 1965). In the absence of the laboratory director, M. A. Tamers, who has been on leave at the Caracas (IVIC) laboratory since October, 1963, laboratory operation and the selection and descriptio…
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II
The dates reported in this list were measured from December, 1964 to November, 1965. The laboratory continues to employ liquid scintillation techniques with synthesized benzene; however, the chemical yield has been improved to the point where it is now between 80 and 100%. For most of the measurements listed here, a 4 cc counting vial was used with 3 cc benzene and 1 cc commercial toluene containing PPO and dimethyl-POPOP scintillators. The count…
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements V
The laboratory has been operating more than five years, supported entirely from Venezuelan government funds. Approximately 530 samples have been dated to the end of 1969. Of these, 40% are archaeologic specimens, the majority (141 samples) from Venezuela. Materials from most other countries of Latin America have been processed. The rest of the samples are from research programs of the Radiocarbon Laboratory itself. Thirty per cent of the total ar…
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I
The I.V.I.C. laboratory started operation in December, 1963 using liquid scintillation techniques and the benzene method. The syntheses are carried out in a Packard benzene synthesizer and the solutions counted by a Packard automatic tri-carb spectrometer. For routine dating, a 4 cc counting vial is used with 2 cc benzene coming from the sample being dated and 2 cc commercial toluene added with the PPO and POPOP scintillators
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII
The samples reported in this date list were processed during 1970. Alter preliminary sample treatments including carbonates and rootlet removal, a complete benzene synthesis was made. This liquid serves as the solvent in a liquid scintillation spectrometer, using a modified 4cc: counting vessel; 2.42g of carbon are counted with a 64% efficiency. The background is constant at 6.8 cpm
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II
This list includes most of the dates produced from September 1967 to April 1968. The laboratory continues to use the benzene method of the previous date list (Radiocarbon, 1968, v. 10, p. 8–28); however, the counter and chemical treatment equipment were transferred to a field laboratory in order to avoid any possibility of contamination. Two new benzene synthesis lines of our own construction were added to the commercial unit. Their operation is …
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
The I.V.I.C. laboratory continues operation using liquid scintillation spectrometry with synthesized benzene. A plastic-glass counting vessel contains 3 ml benzene, 1 ml commercial toluene, and concentrations of 0.4% PPO and 0.01% POPOP as scintillators. Background is 6.9 cpm and activity of the modern standard, 95% of the activity of the NBS oxalic acid, is 21.4 cpm. In the age calculations, 5568 years is taken for the half-life of C 14 and quot…
Radiocarbon Dating of Kill Sites
S Age determinations of kill sites, where charcoal is generally absent, has usually depended on radiocarbon analyses of bone material. However, it has been seen with known‐age samples that these dates are often in error due to contamination by plant products or ground water carbonates. The use of soil samples from strata both above and below, as well as the level containing the artifacts, offers important advantages. The soil profiles present seq…
University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates II
The Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory of the University of Texas was reorganized in late 1962. The dates reported in this list were obtained from February to November, 1963. The laboratory uses liquid scintillation counting with benzene solutions (Tamers, Stipp, and Collier, 1961; Noakes et al. , 1963). The chemical synthesis has been modified and improved in several ways in order to permit one worker to produce a sample per day
University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates III
This list reports measurements made at this laboratory since the preparation of the last list (Texas II). About twenty measurements are not reported because they are from series which are incomplete. Ages were calculated using a C 14 half-life of 5568 yr and 1950 as the reference year. The modern standard used was 95% of NBS oxalic acid activity. The deviations reported are based on the counting statistics of the sample, background, and modern, a…
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I
The I.V.I.C. laboratory started operation in December, 1963 using liquid scintillation techniques and the benzene method. The syntheses are carried out in a Packard benzene synthesizer and the solutions counted by a Packard automatic tri-carb spectrometer. For routine dating, a 4 cc counting vial is used with 2 cc benzene coming from the sample being dated and 2 cc commercial toluene added with the PPO and POPOP scintillators
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II
The dates reported in this list were measured from December, 1964 to November, 1965. The laboratory continues to employ liquid scintillation techniques with synthesized benzene; however, the chemical yield has been improved to the point where it is now between 80 and 100%. For most of the measurements listed here, a 4 cc counting vial was used with 3 cc benzene and 1 cc commercial toluene containing PPO and dimethyl-POPOP scintillators. The count…
University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates IV
This list reports routine measurements made at this laboratory since the preparation of the last list (Texas III). It also includes measurements made on bone samples earlier as part of a study of the suitability of bone for C 14 dating (Tamers and Pearson, 1965). In the absence of the laboratory director, M. A. Tamers, who has been on leave at the Caracas (IVIC) laboratory since October, 1963, laboratory operation and the selection and descriptio…
Bonn Radiocarbon Measurements I
The laboratory started dating in 1966 using liquid scintillation techniques. Considerable effort has been expended on improvements in both sample preparation and detection (Pietig and Scharpenseel, 1964 and 1966). Yields now approach 100% and 4 to 6 samples are completed each week. A solution of 3 cc synthesized benzene and 1 cc “dead” commercial toluene is employed for ordinary measurements. Toluene contains PPO and POPOP scintillators that give…
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IV
The laboratory renewed operations in January, 1968 after a year's inactivity due to the absence of the head, who was on leave at the University of Bonn. Synthesized benzene continues as the dating medium, but various improvements have been made on the chemical method in order to increase capacity. Combustions are no longer carried out for normal materials. Instead, charcoal samples are used directly (after the usual pretreatment) and wood, plants…
University of Bonn Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II
This list includes most of the dates produced from September 1967 to April 1968. The laboratory continues to use the benzene method of the previous date list (Radiocarbon, 1968, v. 10, p. 8–28); however, the counter and chemical treatment equipment were transferred to a field laboratory in order to avoid any possibility of contamination. Two new benzene synthesis lines of our own construction were added to the commercial unit. Their operation is …
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements V
The laboratory has been operating more than five years, supported entirely from Venezuelan government funds. Approximately 530 samples have been dated to the end of 1969. Of these, 40% are archaeologic specimens, the majority (141 samples) from Venezuela. Materials from most other countries of Latin America have been processed. The rest of the samples are from research programs of the Radiocarbon Laboratory itself. Thirty per cent of the total ar…
Validity of Radiocarbon Dates on Terrestrial Snail Shells
Radiocarbon dating of terrestrial snail shells is examined. Three groups of samples, two from archaeological sites of Venezuela and one from the state of Texas, were taken as examples. The true ages were determined from radiocarbon dates on associated charcoal, and measurements on the snail shells allowed the errors to be determined. The groups showed completely different characteristics: 15 samples from Texas all had ages falsely old, 12 specime…
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
The I.V.I.C. laboratory continues operation using liquid scintillation spectrometry with synthesized benzene. A plastic-glass counting vessel contains 3 ml benzene, 1 ml commercial toluene, and concentrations of 0.4% PPO and 0.01% POPOP as scintillators. Background is 6.9 cpm and activity of the modern standard, 95% of the activity of the NBS oxalic acid, is 21.4 cpm. In the age calculations, 5568 years is taken for the half-life of C 14 and quot…
Radiocarbon Dating of Kill Sites
S Age determinations of kill sites, where charcoal is generally absent, has usually depended on radiocarbon analyses of bone material. However, it has been seen with known‐age samples that these dates are often in error due to contamination by plant products or ground water carbonates. The use of soil samples from strata both above and below, as well as the level containing the artifacts, offers important advantages. The soil profiles present seq…
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII
The samples reported in this date list were processed during 1970. Alter preliminary sample treatments including carbonates and rootlet removal, a complete benzene synthesis was made. This liquid serves as the solvent in a liquid scintillation spectrometer, using a modified 4cc: counting vessel; 2.42g of carbon are counted with a 64% efficiency. The background is constant at 6.8 cpm
Archaeologic Sherd Dating: Comparison of Thermoluminescence Dates with Radiocarbon Dates by Beta Counting and Accelerator Techniques
Sherds can be dated by four independent methods: 14 C beta counting on associated material, accelerator mass spectrometry on carbon traces on and within the sherd, thermoluminescence studies on minerals within the sherd, and stylistic form. Age analyses of materials and sherds from several sites are shown in this work. Each technique has its own frequently encountered non-laboratory sources of error. A combination of at least two independent tech…
Radiocarbon dating (14 works) · Archaeology (12 works) · Chemistry (12 works) · Geography (9 works) · Geology (9 works) · Chromatography (7 works) · Nuclear physics (7 works) · Physics (7 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (6 works) · Benzene (6 works)