Clem Brooks
Biographic Data
| ID | 4060959 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Clem Brooks |
| GIVEN NAMES | Clem |
| FAMILY NAME | Brooks |
| SIGNATURE | BROOKS C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Indiana University Bloomington |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1406-2291 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 53 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1391 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 53 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 18 |
The Rise or Decline of Social Acceptance? Perspective from U.S. Presidential Elections, 2012 to 2020
Recent acts of racial violence, the growing visibility of nationalized white power movements, and a drift toward a number of more restrictive laws and Supreme Court rulings have raised troubling questions about the significance and influence of social acceptance in the United States. Focusing on voters and elections, an important strain of scholarship has argued that declining acceptance of minority groups and marginalized communities contributed…
Liberalization, education, and rights and tolerance attitudes
Affect toward Minority and Majority Groups in the Era of Donald Trump
U.S. voters' affect toward such minority groups as blacks, Muslims, and transgender people has become warmer in recent years. Warming affect toward minority groups is a surprise for the influential theory of affective polarization. In arguing that voters' partisan allegiances fuel dislike of groups associated with the opposing political party, this theory predicts that it is primarily Democratic identifiers whose affect has become warmer, as affe…
All by Himself? Trump, Isolationism, and the American Electorate
During his campaign and subsequent presidency, Donald Trump staked out and implemented an isolationist foreign policy agenda that sought to put "America First" and curtail U.S. participation in international treaties and trade agreements. Isolationism represented a dramatic turn away from the internationalism of all postwar presidencies, and Trump's radical foreign policy changes raise two novel questions: Did isolationism resonate with American …
Redistribution Preferences, Inequality Information, and Partisan Motivated Reasoning in the United States
In an era of rising inequality, the U.S. public’s relatively modest support for redistributive policies has been a puzzle for scholars. Deepening the paradox is recent evidence that presenting information about inequality increases subjects’ support for redistributive policies by only a small amount. What explains inequality information’s limited effects? We extend partisan motivated reasoning scholarship to investigate whether political party id…
Mobility Optimism in an Age of Rising Inequality
Four decades of rising incomes at the top, combined with income stagnation and declining intergenerational social mobility for the majority of American households, have combined to produce what has been widely described as a “new gilded age” in the United States. Yet analyses of the best available survey data reveal little evidence of a proportional increase in policy demands for redistribution over time. What explains this puzzling pattern of no…
Rights and Tolerance Support in U.S. Presidential Elections, 1992–2016
Do attitudes toward issues such as abortion, LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) rights, and tolerance of diversity matter to U.S. voters and elections? Scholarship on rights and tolerance support has failed to take into account the potentially confounding influence of racial resentment as a factor behind voter choice. This is a serious limitation that we seek to address with American National Election Studies data for presiden…
How Much Do Liberal and Conservative Identifiers Differ in the United States
Recent scholarship has reported that identification as a liberal or conservative shapes lifestyle orientations and behaviors. Liberal/conservative differences with respect to such arenas as family and religion go beyond ideological identification research's traditional focus on policy attitudes and political processes. But are differences on non-political issues as large as those relating to political ones? This question has yet to be addressed, …
Political Ideology and Immigrant Acceptance
How does political ideology influence the ways individuals reason about immigrants? Analyzing data from a 2013 national survey, this study offers new perspective on the relevance of political ideology for understanding individuals' willingness to accept immigrants. Liberals and conservatives show very different responses to the prospect of specific individuals or groups immigrating to the United States. These differences are large when experiment…
Introduction: Voting Behavior and Elections in Context
The study of voting compels scholars to unpack the context in which voters make decisions about candidates and parties. Elections take place amid economic cycles, demographic transitions, and socia
Out of Step? Voters and Social Issues in U.S. Presidential Elections
Recent political commentary has argued that the Republican Party is “out of step” with voters on social issues, costing Republicans the 2012 presidential election. This dramatic claim is deserving of scrutiny in its own right and also for the way it offers new perspective on long-standing controversies concerning the role of social issues in U.S. national elections. We present results that seek to advance established scholarship on electoral poli…
The Myth of Mediterranean Familism
This article seeks to re-open the consensus concerning the interrelationship between family values and public support for government versus private family provision. We offer new results from analyses of 2001 data from the International Social Survey Programme for a wide range of countries and world regions. Refining conventional scholarly wisdom, Southern European publics' have high levels of traditional family values, but mainly in contrast to …
A Broken Public? Americans’ Responses to the Great Recession
Did Americans respond to the recent Great Recession by demanding that government provide policy solutions to rising income insecurity, an expectation of state-of-the-art theorizing on the dynamics of mass opinion? Or did the recession erode support for government activism, in line with alternative scholarship pointing to economic factors having the reverse effect? We find that public support for government social programs declined sharply between…
Power in Leader–Follower Work Relationships
There is perhaps no more important dyadic relationship than that between a leader and a follower. Nonetheless, few studies examine the implications of both leader and follower power on important work outcomes. Therefore, using resource dependence and role theories, the authors examined the process by which leader power affects important work outcomes, namely, work relationship quality and job tension, through met relationship expectations. Additi…
Carol Lynn MCKIBBEN. Racial Beachhead: Diversity and Democracy in a Military Town, Seaside, California
How Sociology Lost Public Opinion: A Genealogy of a Missing Concept in the Study of the Political
In contemporary sociology the once prominent study of public opinion has virtually disappeared. None of the leading theoretical models in the closest disciplinary subfield (political sociology) currently provide ample or sufficiently clear space for consideration of public opinion as a possible factor in shaping or interacting with key policy or political outcomes in democratic polities. In this article, we unearth and document the sources of thi…
Why does class matter? Policy attitudes, mechanisms, and the case of the Nordic countries
National security issues and US presidential elections, 1992–2008
Why Welfare States Persist: The Importance of Public Opinion in Democracies
The Moral Economy of Class: Class and Attitudes in Comparative Perspective
Women's Political Representation and Welfare State Spending in 12 Capitalist Democracies
One of the sharpest criticisms of welfare state research is insufficient attention to factors relating to gender relations and inequalities. Recent scholarship has begun to address welfare state effects on gender-related outcomes, but the evaluation of theories of welfare development with respect to gender factors is somewhat less developed, leaving open a number of important questions regarding gender as a mechanism behind welfare state developm…
Why Do Welfare States Persist
The shape and aggregate output of welfare states within many developed democracies have been fairly resilient in the face of profound shifts in their national settings, and with respect to the global environment of the past 20 years. This contrasts with once-widespread predictions of universal retrenchment, and it has broadened debates over trends in social policymaking to focus on the phenomenon of welfare state persistence. Research on persiste…
Social Policy Responsiveness in Developed Democracies
Do mass policy preferences influence the policy output of welfare states in developed democracies? This is an important issue for welfare state theory and research, and this article presents an analysis that builds from analytical innovations developed in the emerging literature on linkages between mass opinion and public policy. The authors analyze a new dataset combining a measure of social policy preferences with data on welfare state spending…
Theory and Methods for Comparative Opinion/Social Policy Research
Voters, Satisficing, and Policymaking: Recent Directions in the Study of Electoral Politics
Elections matter for democratic polities, creating linkages between voters, elected officials, and policymaking. These linkages have often been challenging to study empirically owing to the limited availability of suitable data with which to link individual-level voting to aggregate-level policymaking, and also to enduring controversies in the study of mass political behavior. I discuss several new research programs that have begun to advance sch…
Social Policy Responsiveness in Developed Democracies
Do mass policy preferences influence the policy output of welfare states in developed democracies? This is an important issue for welfare state theory and research, and this article presents an analysis that builds from analytical innovations developed in the emerging literature on linkages between mass opinion and public policy. The authors analyze a new dataset combining a measure of social policy preferences with data on welfare state spending…
The Democratic Class Struggle in the United States, 1948-1992
We present evidence of a historic realignment in the relationship between class and voting behavior in U.S. presidential elections in the postwar period. We take advantage of recent advances in class analysis and statistical methodology to introduce a distinction between traditional class voting and class voting. Neither shows a decline in the postwar era. The realignment occurred since 1968, as professionals and nonmanagerial whitecollar workers…
The transformation of US gender role attitudes: Cohort Replacement, Social-Structural Change, and Ideological Learning
Why Do Welfare States Persist
The shape and aggregate output of welfare states within many developed democracies have been fairly resilient in the face of profound shifts in their national settings, and with respect to the global environment of the past 20 years. This contrasts with once-widespread predictions of universal retrenchment, and it has broadened debates over trends in social policymaking to focus on the phenomenon of welfare state persistence. Research on persiste…
The Gender Gap in U.S. Presidential Elections: When? Why? Implications
Social scientists and political commentators have frequently pointed to differences between men and women in voting and policy attitudes as evidence of an emerging "gender gap" in U.S. politics. Using survey data for 11 elections since 1952, this study develops a systematic analysis of the gender gap in presidential elections. The authors find evidence that women's changing rates of labor force participation explain the origins of the gender gap.…
A Broken Public? Americans’ Responses to the Great Recession
Did Americans respond to the recent Great Recession by demanding that government provide policy solutions to rising income insecurity, an expectation of state-of-the-art theorizing on the dynamics of mass opinion? Or did the recession erode support for government activism, in line with alternative scholarship pointing to economic factors having the reverse effect? We find that public support for government social programs declined sharply between…
Religious Influence and the Politics of Family Decline Concern: Trends, Sources, and U.S. Political Behavior
One of the most widely debated issues in contemporary sociology has been how to interpret patterns of family change in the United States during the past four decades. Much of these debates focus on a thesis advanced by a number of scholars and political activists-that such features of family structure as high divorce rates and an increasing proportion of single-parent families have led to the decline of the family. Although past research has exam…
Social Cleavages and Political Alignments: U.S. Presidential Elections, 1960 to 1992
The classics of postwar political sociology argued that a key to understanding political divisions in democratic polities lies with membership in social groups. Much recent scholarship, however, has argued that political cleavages arising out of social group memberships have declined. This study investigates these claims, analyzing the magnitude of and interrelationship among four major social cleavages - race, religion, class, and gender - in U.…
Women's Political Representation and Welfare State Spending in 12 Capitalist Democracies
One of the sharpest criticisms of welfare state research is insufficient attention to factors relating to gender relations and inequalities. Recent scholarship has begun to address welfare state effects on gender-related outcomes, but the evaluation of theories of welfare development with respect to gender factors is somewhat less developed, leaving open a number of important questions regarding gender as a mechanism behind welfare state developm…
Civil Rights Liberalism and the Suppression of a Republican Political Realignment in the United States, 1972 to 1996
Arguably the most dramatic trend in U.S. public opinion during the past 30 years has been Americans' liberalizing attitudes toward the civil rights of African Americans, women, and more recently, gays and lesbians. Do these changing attitudes have any behavioral or organizational effects, or are they of little consequence for understanding social and political changes since the 1960s? While an influential strain of research has questioned the cau…
The Persistence of Classes in Post-Industrial Societies
Class structures have undergone important changes in recent decades with the rise of post-industrial societies. Clark and Lipset have recently interpreted these changs as evidence that class is fragmenting and losing its importance. We reject their analysis. The birth of new sources of inequality does not imply the death of the old ones. We review empirical evidence that shows how class-based stratification continues to be a central factor in soc…
Cleavage-based voting behavior in cross-national perspective: Evidence From Six Postwar Democracies
The Social and Ideological Bases of Middle-Class Political Realignment in the United States, 1972 to 1992
Research on the nature and bases of the political alignments of the middle class in the United States has produced extensive disagreements but little resolution of fundamental controversies. We address unresolved questions about the political alignments of the middle class through an investigation of change in voting behavior among two of its principal segments: managers and professionals. Among professionals, but not among managers, there has be…
The Religious Factor in U.S. Presidential Elections, 1960–1992
This study analyzes the relationship between religion and political behavior in recent presidential elections in the United States. The magnitude of the religious cleavage remains substantial but has declined during the past nine presidential elections. The single factor behind this decline is the reduction in support for Republican candidates among denominationally liberal Protestants, whose changing voting behavior is a function of their increa…
Public Attitudes Toward Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States
Journal Article Public Attitudes Toward Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States Get access Jeff Manza, Jeff Manza Northwestern University Address correspondence to Jeff Manza; e-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clem Brooks, Clem Brooks Indiana University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Christopher Uggen Christopher Uggen University…
Why does class matter? Policy attitudes, mechanisms, and the case of the Nordic countries
A Great Divide? Religion and Political Change in U.S. National Elections, 1972–2000
Since 1980 most social scientists have found little evidence in support of popular and recurring commentaries that identify religion (and evangelical Protestants, in particular) as a major source of conservative political trends in the United States. But in the past several years a new line of research has reported results suggesting that earlier studies underestimated evidence that partisan change among specific religious groups has contributed …
How Sociology Lost Public Opinion: A Genealogy of a Missing Concept in the Study of the Political
In contemporary sociology the once prominent study of public opinion has virtually disappeared. None of the leading theoretical models in the closest disciplinary subfield (political sociology) currently provide ample or sufficiently clear space for consideration of public opinion as a possible factor in shaping or interacting with key policy or political outcomes in democratic polities. In this article, we unearth and document the sources of thi…
Political Ideology and Immigrant Acceptance
How does political ideology influence the ways individuals reason about immigrants? Analyzing data from a 2013 national survey, this study offers new perspective on the relevance of political ideology for understanding individuals' willingness to accept immigrants. Liberals and conservatives show very different responses to the prospect of specific individuals or groups immigrating to the United States. These differences are large when experiment…
Voters, Satisficing, and Policymaking: Recent Directions in the Study of Electoral Politics
Elections matter for democratic polities, creating linkages between voters, elected officials, and policymaking. These linkages have often been challenging to study empirically owing to the limited availability of suitable data with which to link individual-level voting to aggregate-level policymaking, and also to enduring controversies in the study of mass political behavior. I discuss several new research programs that have begun to advance sch…
Mobility Optimism in an Age of Rising Inequality
Four decades of rising incomes at the top, combined with income stagnation and declining intergenerational social mobility for the majority of American households, have combined to produce what has been widely described as a “new gilded age” in the United States. Yet analyses of the best available survey data reveal little evidence of a proportional increase in policy demands for redistribution over time. What explains this puzzling pattern of no…
The Myth of Mediterranean Familism
This article seeks to re-open the consensus concerning the interrelationship between family values and public support for government versus private family provision. We offer new results from analyses of 2001 data from the International Social Survey Programme for a wide range of countries and world regions. Refining conventional scholarly wisdom, Southern European publics' have high levels of traditional family values, but mainly in contrast to …
Class Politics and Political Change in the United States, 1952-1992
Recent debates over the relationship between class and voting in democratic capitalist societies have focused primarily on the question of whether levels of class voting have declined. As a result, few studies have distinguished between “class voting” as an outcome versus class factors as causal mechanisms of vote choice. This distinction is critical to understanding what role class-related factors play in explaining vote choice—and thus to advan…
Do Changing Values Explain the New Politics? A Critical Assessment of the Postmaterialist Thesis
Many social scientists have argued that major political changes have occurred in the postindustrial societies of Western Europe, North America, and Australasia since the 1960s. These changes include partisan dealignment accompanied by a breakdown in traditional political orientations, the appearance of “new social movements,” and increasing use of non-traditional forms of political action. One of the most influential account of the origins of the…
Declining Government Confidence and Policy Preferences in the U.S: Devolution, Regime Effects, or Symbolic Change
No trendin U.S. public opinion has elicited more enduring concern amongscholars, political commentators, andpoliticians than declining levels ofpublic confidence in the federal government. Motivated by the possibility that this decline signals a crisis of legitimacy orgrowing dissatisfaction with the overall direction of public policy, two generations ofscholarly debates have yielded three competing theoretical interpretations ofthis phenomenon. …
The Persistence of Classes in Post-Industrial Societies
Class structures have undergone important changes in recent decades with the rise of post-industrial societies. Clark and Lipset have recently interpreted these changs as evidence that class is fragmenting and losing its importance. We reject their analysis. The birth of new sources of inequality does not imply the death of the old ones. We review empirical evidence that shows how class-based stratification continues to be a central factor in soc…
The Selectively Political Citizen: Modeling Attitudes, Nonattitudes, and Change in 1950s Public Opinion
Since Converse's pioneering work, social scientists have had to grapple with a perplexing phenomenon: the apparent willingness of many citizens to express an opinion to survey researchers when they in fact have no corresponding attitude. New approaches to measuring latent structures make it possible to address some of the controversies surrounding nonattitudes and to probe the empirical adequacy of Converse's account of mass political attitudes. …
Do Changing Values Explain the New Politics? A Critical Assessment of the Postmaterialist Thesis
Many social scientists have argued that major political changes have occurred in the postindustrial societies of Western Europe, North America, and Australasia since the 1960s. These changes include partisan dealignment accompanied by a breakdown in traditional political orientations, the appearance of “new social movements,” and increasing use of non-traditional forms of political action. One of the most influential account of the origins of the…
Class Consciousness and Politics in Comparative Perspective
The Democratic Class Struggle in the United States, 1948-1992
We present evidence of a historic realignment in the relationship between class and voting behavior in U.S. presidential elections in the postwar period. We take advantage of recent advances in class analysis and statistical methodology to introduce a distinction between traditional class voting and class voting. Neither shows a decline in the postwar era. The realignment occurred since 1968, as professionals and nonmanagerial whitecollar workers…
Does class analysis still have anything to contribute to the study of politics? ? comments
What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters
This book is the most comprehensive analysis ever written about the American public's factual knowledge of politics. Drawing on extensive survey data, including much that is original, two experts in public opinion and political behavior find that many citizens are remarkably well informed about the details of politics, while equally large numbers are nearly ignorant of political facts. And despite dramatic changes in American society and politics…
The Religious Factor in U.S. Presidential Elections, 1960–1992
This study analyzes the relationship between religion and political behavior in recent presidential elections in the United States. The magnitude of the religious cleavage remains substantial but has declined during the past nine presidential elections. The single factor behind this decline is the reduction in support for Republican candidates among denominationally liberal Protestants, whose changing voting behavior is a function of their increa…
Social Cleavages and Political Alignments: U.S. Presidential Elections, 1960 to 1992
The classics of postwar political sociology argued that a key to understanding political divisions in democratic polities lies with membership in social groups. Much recent scholarship, however, has argued that political cleavages arising out of social group memberships have declined. This study investigates these claims, analyzing the magnitude of and interrelationship among four major social cleavages - race, religion, class, and gender - in U.…
The Social and Ideological Bases of Middle-Class Political Realignment in the United States, 1972 to 1992
Research on the nature and bases of the political alignments of the middle class in the United States has produced extensive disagreements but little resolution of fundamental controversies. We address unresolved questions about the political alignments of the middle class through an investigation of change in voting behavior among two of its principal segments: managers and professionals. Among professionals, but not among managers, there has be…
Class Politics and Political Change in the United States, 1952-1992
Recent debates over the relationship between class and voting in democratic capitalist societies have focused primarily on the question of whether levels of class voting have declined. As a result, few studies have distinguished between “class voting” as an outcome versus class factors as causal mechanisms of vote choice. This distinction is critical to understanding what role class-related factors play in explaining vote choice—and thus to advan…
The New Middle Class and Democracy in Global Perspective
The Gender Gap in U.S. Presidential Elections: When? Why? Implications
Social scientists and political commentators have frequently pointed to differences between men and women in voting and policy attitudes as evidence of an emerging "gender gap" in U.S. politics. Using survey data for 11 elections since 1952, this study develops a systematic analysis of the gender gap in presidential elections. The authors find evidence that women's changing rates of labor force participation explain the origins of the gender gap.…
Classes, Unions, and the Realignment of US Presidential Voting, 1952–1992
Class voting in US presidential elections underwent a historic realignment (rather than dealignment) during the 1960s and 1970s. The middle class split their allegiance: professionals and routine white‐collar workers switched from supporting Republican candidates to backing the Democrats, while the self‐employed converted from fence‐sitting to strong Republican support. At the same time, the Democrats lost their former blue‐collar base. This chap…
Income, Economic Voting, and Long-Term Political Change in the U.S., 1952-1996
This study analyzes the effects of income on voting behavior and the outcome of presidential elections in the U.S. since 1952. The political effects of income have not been examined using appropriate measures and systematic analysis of individual-level data. Our analyses build from political behavior research on economic evaluations and sociological and economic research on trends in income distribution. We first consider the theoretical grounds …
Income, Economic Voting, and Long-Term Political Change in the U.S., 1952- 1996
Social Cleavages and Political Change: Voter Alignments and US. Party Coalitions
What Social Groups Support Which Political Party, And How That Support Has Changed Over Time, Are Central Questions In The Sociology Of Political Behaviour. This Study Provides The First Systematic Book-Length Reassessment And Restatement Of The Sociological Approach To American Politics In More Than 20 Years. It Challenges Widespread Arguments That The Importance Of Social Cleavages Have Declined Precipitously In Recent Years In The Face Of Post…
Group Size, Turnout, and Political Alignments and the Development of U.S. Party Coalitions,1960-1992
We propose an approach for analysing trends in the contributions of social groups to electoral coalitions, and apply this approach to an analysis of the impact of changes in the race, religion, class, and gender cleavages on coalitions in U.S. Presidential elections between 1960 and 1992. We improve on existing studies of party coalitions by developing a multivariate model that measures group-specific political alignments while also correcting fo…
Values or Views of Government? Analyzing the Ideological Sources of Public Policy Preferences
Civil Rights Liberalism and the Suppression of a Republican Political Realignment in the United States, 1972 to 1996
Arguably the most dramatic trend in U.S. public opinion during the past 30 years has been Americans' liberalizing attitudes toward the civil rights of African Americans, women, and more recently, gays and lesbians. Do these changing attitudes have any behavioral or organizational effects, or are they of little consequence for understanding social and political changes since the 1960s? While an influential strain of research has questioned the cau…
Declining Government Confidence and Policy Preferences in the U.S: Devolution, Regime Effects, or Symbolic Change
No trendin U.S. public opinion has elicited more enduring concern amongscholars, political commentators, andpoliticians than declining levels ofpublic confidence in the federal government. Motivated by the possibility that this decline signals a crisis of legitimacy orgrowing dissatisfaction with the overall direction of public policy, two generations ofscholarly debates have yielded three competing theoretical interpretations ofthis phenomenon. …
Religious Influence and the Politics of Family Decline Concern: Trends, Sources, and U.S. Political Behavior
One of the most widely debated issues in contemporary sociology has been how to interpret patterns of family change in the United States during the past four decades. Much of these debates focus on a thesis advanced by a number of scholars and political activists-that such features of family structure as high divorce rates and an increasing proportion of single-parent families have led to the decline of the family. Although past research has exam…
A Great Divide? Religion and Political Change in U.S. National Elections, 1972-2000
Since 1980 most social scientists have found little evidence in support of popular and recurring commentaries that identify religion (and evangelical Protestants, in particular) as a major source of conservative political trends in the United States. But in the past several years a new line of research has reported results suggesting that earlier studies underestimated evidence that partisan change among specific religious groups has contributed …
A Great Divide? Religion and Political Change in U.S. National Elections, 1972–2000
Since 1980 most social scientists have found little evidence in support of popular and recurring commentaries that identify religion (and evangelical Protestants, in particular) as a major source of conservative political trends in the United States. But in the past several years a new line of research has reported results suggesting that earlier studies underestimated evidence that partisan change among specific religious groups has contributed …
Public Attitudes Toward Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States
Journal Article Public Attitudes Toward Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States Get access Jeff Manza, Jeff Manza Northwestern University Address correspondence to Jeff Manza; e-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clem Brooks, Clem Brooks Indiana University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Christopher Uggen Christopher Uggen University…
Political science (52 works) · Politics (48 works) · Law (45 works) · Sociology (41 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (31 works) · Economics (30 works) · Political economy (30 works) · Law (26 works) · Social Policy and Reform Studies (20 works) · Positive economics (19 works)