Antonio Arnaiz-Villena
Biographic Data
| ID | 4091178 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Antonio Arnaiz-Villena |
| GIVEN NAMES | Antonio |
| FAMILY NAME | Arnaiz-Villena |
| SIGNATURE | ARNAIZ-VILLENA A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidad Complutense de Madrid |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 11 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Lineal Upper Paleolithic scripts more ancient than some figures in Altamira Cave (Santander, Spain) are similar to those found in Sahara and Canary Islands
Symbolic simple lineal signs are found in Altamira Cave older than some figurative animals painting (minimum 30.000 years BC, Upper Paleolithic, Gravettian epoch): The same signs have been found in South Algeria Sahara and Canary Islands as well as in other parts of Iberia in a megalithic or non-megalithic context i.e.: separated polished rocks and stones. Some signs of this lineal Megalithic/Paleolithic scripts have also been found in the Iberia…
The myth of the Abduction of Europa
The myth of The Abduction or Rape of Europa tells that a Middle East aristocrat (princess) was abducted by Zeus (gods father in Greek mythology) disguised as a white bull. The Bull-Zeus took Europa to Crete (Zeus birth place) and Europa became as the the first Creta Queen. Minos was one of the Zeus and Europa sons. He was a legendary Cretan King who kept the Minotaur a monster man with a bull head in a labyrinth. Some authors maintain that the Mi…
The paleolithic lineal rock inscriptions of Iberian-Tartessian Riotinto mines (Huelva, Spain) and their relatedness with King Solomon mines
Lineal Paleolithic Scripts are found in rocks within Riotinto mines close to Tinto (blood-colour) River. They have also been found in European and African places (including Canary Is and Sahara). They have been considered precursors of Iberian-Tartessian signary at least and sometimes are found mixed with their signs. We have proposed a meaning for these repetitive signs based in the Basque-Iberian equivalence and the Paleolithic/Neolithic religi…
The unique Balearic Megalithic 'Taulas' (Tables)
Taulas (or Tables) are Megalithic unique monuments that are found only in Menorca Island (Balearic Is, Spain). Their construction age is uncertain but it is associated to Talayotic culture and it is assigned to the 1st millennium BC without solid objective bases: particularly when the only one similar structure found in the World are those of Gobekli Tepe in Antolia (Turkey) constructed about 10,000 years ago. In the present paper, we have found …
Tartessos and Atlantic Mediterranean Euro-Africa
Tartessos culture is placed in a wide area in southern Portugal and Spain after archeological and documental studies. Its placement is concordant with that of West Euromediterranean ancient Megaliths, which were constructed at the Bronze Age (5000 year BC or before at Alcalar Dolmen (Portimao, Portugal), where Palelolithic arrows are found. These Megaliths construction and the people that built them up may be related to the metal richness of the …
The Antequera (Spain) Slate
The Antequera Slate is a striking scripted finding in the Roman 'Villa de la Estacion' (Railway Station Villa) archaeological site which was in use in its Roman known period approximately between 100 years BC and 450 AD. Some of the slate incised signs were familiar to us because they were similar to the so-called pre-Iberian-Tartessian scripted incise or picketed signs found in a Megalithic context or not in rocks and stones in Iberia, Canary Is…
Tindaya Guanche sacred mountain, Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain) and its Ibero-Guanche (Latin) rock inscriptions
Tindaya volcano is a sacred Guanche (or Majo)* mountain, Canary Islands, Spain. This mountain was probably a religious / pilgrimage place for Guanche/Majo people. Many of its rocks are covered by lineal and figurative motifs with incised or picketed (carved) technology the most abundant reported are podomorphs, which in the Atlantic European façade usually point towards either the summer solstice sunset or the sunset yearly arch at these latitude…
Parallelism of Prehistoric Lanzarote (Canary Islands) Quesera/Cheeseboard Lunisolar Calendar and intriguing strip band channels of the City of David archaeological site (Middle East)
It has recently been discovered and widespread in worldwide media that a puzzling and unusual channel structures have appeared at the City of David archaeological site in Middle East (Al Quds - Jerusalem). No function has been agreed for them and their building age has been calculated in an uncertain time before 2800 years BC when these structures ceased to be used. We have been working in Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands) rock epigraphy and othe…
The Hand of Irulegi Basque-Iberism return after seventy years of dismissal
The Hand of Irulegi is a Iberian bronze plate with a hand shape which is scripted with Iberian-Tartesian signs and has been found in an archaeological site (at Mt Irulegi) close to Pamplona, Navarre (Spain). It was probably fabricated at the 1st century BC to be hanged at the outside house door. Part os the Iberian signs have been officially transcripted and translated by official scholars by using Basque meaning of Iberian wording. It implies th…
Lineal Megalithic Scripts found at Degollada de Facay, Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain)
Lineal Megalithic Rock Scripts have been found by us: 1) associated to megaliths in Southern Iberia Dolmens at Alcalar Dolmen (Portimao, Portugal), Cumbres Mayores Dolmens (Huelva, Spain) and in a fallen menhir at Zalamea la Real (Huelva, Spain); 2) not associated to megaliths in rocks or stones sizing from a fist in size to 110 cm or more at Zalamea la Real (Huelva, Spain) and other Malaga coastal sites; 3) in widespread rocks and stones in all …
Lineal Megalithic Scripts in widespread rocks, stones and a menhir structure in Zalamea la Real (Huelva, Spain)
Zalamea la Real is close to the biggest Mediterranean mines known in ancient times: Riotinto Mines (Huelva, Spain). Zalamea is within the South Iberia Pyrite Belt, which goes from Alcácer do Sal (Portugal) to Seville (Las Cruces Mines, at Gerena/Aznalcollar villages). It is a territory containing a high density of megaliths and neglected rocks/stones on the surrounding area which are rests of them. Zalamea district could be considered a megalithi…
Lineal Megalithic and Tartessian Rock Scripts in the Alcalar Dolmens complex (Portimao, Portugal)
Lineal Megalithic Scripts (LMS) have been found in the Alcalar Dolmen complex (Portimao, Portugal) in a stoneslab which is located close to the reconstructed Dolmen 7. Exact situation of the megalithic Alcalar Stoneslab and scripts placing are shown in this paper. Their preliminar analysis has given also finding of some Iberian-Tartessian signs common to Cumbres Mayores Dolmens (Huelva, Spain), and other signs also found in Sahara Desert (Tim Mis…
The Iberian-Tartessian semi-syllabary
Paleolithic/Neolithic (Megalithic) Lineal Scripts have been found in big or small rocks with or without megalithic context. Huelva (South West Spain) megalithic rocks presented engraved signs apparently contained in the Iberian-Tartessian semi-syllabary and this region is in the core of Tartessian civilization. Iberian-Tartessian scripts have been found in South West Algeria, Canary Islands and Iberia. The genesis of this type of writing may have…
Cumbres Mayores (Huelva, Spain)
A big megalithic complex has been described at Cumbres Mayores (Huelva, Spain): it is composed of menhirs, a cromlech and some other not yet fully studied structures. Lineal Megalithic Scripts are present both on the rocks and the menhirs which also contain figure engravings. Iberian signs included within Iberian-Tartessian semi-syllabary are also found mixed with Megalithic scripts; Leisner archaeologists also noticed 'Iberian Megalithic scripts…
Iberian inscriptions in Sahara Desert rocks (Ti-m Missaou, Ahaggar Mts. area, Algeria)
In the present paper, we show Iberian or Iberian-Guanche scripts found in the Middle of Sahara Desert, Ti-m Missaou (Tim Missao, Tim Missaw), 270 km SouthWest of Tamanrasset on Ahaggar or Hoggar Mountains (Mts.) area (Algeria). More Iberian scripts may be earthed beneath Sahara Desert sands or have been neglected by observers. We also put forward that Iberian semi-syllabary may have its origin in the Neolithic Saharo-Canarian Circle, the same as …
Iberian inscriptions in Sahara Desert rocks (Ti-m Missaou, Ahaggar Mts. area, Algeria)
In the present paper, we show Iberian or Iberian-Guanche scripts found in the Middle of Sahara Desert, Ti-m Missaou (Tim Missao, Tim Missaw), 270 km SouthWest of Tamanrasset on Ahaggar or Hoggar Mountains (Mts.) area (Algeria). More Iberian scripts may be earthed beneath Sahara Desert sands or have been neglected by observers. We also put forward that Iberian semi-syllabary may have its origin in the Neolithic Saharo-Canarian Circle, the same as …
The Saharo-Canarian Circle
Canarians, North Africans and Iberians show a close genetic relatedness. Greeks have a Sub-Saharan gene input according to HLA and other autosomic markers. Also, there is a genetic kinship between both Atlantic Euro Africans and North African/Arabic people. This is concordant with a drying humid Sahara Desert, which may have occurred about 6,000 years BC, and the subsequent northwards emigration of Saharan people may have also happened in Pharaon…
Lineal Megalithic Rock Scripts as precursors of Iberian and other lineal Mediterranean/Euro African ancient writings
Lineal Megalithic/Paleolithic Lineal signs/lines may have a variety of purposes or representations. Some authors have proposed they represent sky, planets and stars and their movements, space/time representations or others, including letters/syllables or symbols/events. Some are painted, other incised; the latter are relatively more common in Megalithic scripts. Man is 'writing' or creating handmade figures on stones /rocks and other supports, wh…
The Northern Migrations from a drying Sahara (6,000 years BP)
Greeks have a Sub-Saharan gene input according to HLA and other autosomic markers. Iberians, Canarians, and North Africans show a close genetic relatedness. This is concordant with a drying humid Sahara Desert, which may have occurred about 6,000 years BC, and the subsequent northwards emigration of Saharan people may have also happened in Pharaonic times. Present study confirms this African gene input in Greeks according to 12th HLA Internationa…
The Ibero-Guanche (Latin) rock inscriptions found at Mt. Tenezara volcano (Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain)
Two of the several rock script panels found at Mt. Tenezara volcano slope, Lanzarote Is. (Canary Islands) have been analyzed. Both of them contain a linear writing which corresponds to the ancient Iberian semi-sillabary discovered by Gomez-Moreno in 1949 AD, thus to Iberian-Guanche inscriptions which previously were referred as Latin. Ancient Iberian scripts have been found in France, Portugal, Spain and other Mediterranean places during the 1st …
The Iberian-Guanche rock inscriptions at La Palma Is
Rock Iberian-Guanche inscriptions have been found in all Canary Islands including La Palma: they consist of incise (with few exceptions) lineal scripts which have been done by using the Iberian semi-syllabary that was used in Iberia and France during the 1st millennium BC until few centuries AD .This confirms First Canarian Inhabitants navigation among Islands. In this paper we analyze three of these rock inscriptions found in westernmost La Palm…
Cart-ruts in Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) volcanoes tops point to Equinoxes, Summer and Winter Solstices
Cart-ruts have been observed in Mediterranean Basin, Eurasia and Africa. They are rock carved stripes and channels which unexpectedly converge and/or bend, not being useful for transportation use because constant parallelism is not kept. Cart-ruts came first to scholars attention in Malta and Gozo Islands where they are abundant and dated at Bronze or Temple Age of this Archipelago. A big conjoint European investment for Cart-ruts study only got …
Latín' rock scripts in Canary Islands are ancient Iberian inscriptions (Iberian-Guanche) A story of forgotten genetics, scripts, pyramids and other prehistoric artifacts
“Latin” rock scripts were discovered 30 years ago in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura Islands (Canary Islands). However, they are an incised linear writing which lacks Q, H, P and T frequent Latin letters and translation into Latin has not been possible. A transcription and a translation hypothesis was proposed long ago because scripts were almost identical to those of the Iberian semi-syllabary which was used in Iberia and France during first millenn…
Research Report
A new panel of “Latin” or Iberian-Guanche rock inscriptions has been found in Tenerife, a transcription and translation hypotheses have been put forward based on a methodology involving semantics and phonology of Basque and ancient Iberian language (used during the 1st millennium BC in Iberia and France). Both Iberian-Guanche (at Canary Is) and Iberian (at France and Iberia) rock scripts are sometimes found together with naviform lines. These inc…
Cart-ruts in Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) and Malta
Cart-ruts were first described throughout Malta Archipelago; they were defined as abundant prehistoric Bronze Age Man constructions carved in rock although more recently built cart-ruts may be possible. They consist of deep ruts, rails, tracks, grooves and channels that rarely are strictly parallel. Some of them are convergent or perpendicular to others and also they may abruptly change to curved lines. They are placed either in plains or hill sl…
HLA Genes in the Chuvashian Population from European Russia
HLA alleles have been determined for the first time in individuals from the Chuvashian population by DNA typing and sequencing. HLA-A, -B, -DR, and -DQ allele frequencies and extended haplotypes have also been determined, and the results compared to those for Central Europeans, Siberians and other Asians, Caucasians, Middle Easterners, and Mediterranean peoples. Genetic distances, neighbor-joining dendrograms, and correspondence analysis have bee…
HLA Genes in Populations of the Aleutian Islands
We typed a subset of the Aleut population for HLA loci (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1) to obtain an HLA profile, which was compared to other Eurasian and Amerindian populations for studying Aleut origin and its significance on the peopling of the Americas. Allele frequencies at the four loci were identified in an Aleut sample using standard indirect DNA sequencing methods. Genetic distances with Amerindians and Eurasians were obtained by compa…
Prehistoric Iberia
HLA Genes in the Chuvashian Population from European Russia
HLA alleles have been determined for the first time in individuals from the Chuvashian population by DNA typing and sequencing. HLA-A, -B, -DR, and -DQ allele frequencies and extended haplotypes have also been determined, and the results compared to those for Central Europeans, Siberians and other Asians, Caucasians, Middle Easterners, and Mediterranean peoples. Genetic distances, neighbor-joining dendrograms, and correspondence analysis have bee…
HLA Genes in Populations of the Aleutian Islands
We typed a subset of the Aleut population for HLA loci (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1) to obtain an HLA profile, which was compared to other Eurasian and Amerindian populations for studying Aleut origin and its significance on the peopling of the Americas. Allele frequencies at the four loci were identified in an Aleut sample using standard indirect DNA sequencing methods. Genetic distances with Amerindians and Eurasians were obtained by compa…
Prehistoric Iberia
Prehistoric Iberia
Origin of Ancient Canary Islanders Guanches
First CanaryIslands(Spain) Inhabitants (“Guanches”) origin has been much debated. Lately, it has come popular the simplistic theory that they came from North Africa. In the present paper, we conclude that not only North Africans but also Iberian/Atlantic Europeans (and possibly others) must have been first Canarians. Debate whether North Africans or Iberians were the first “Guanches” is artificial since Iberian Peninsula-North African genes flow …
Major Histocompatibility complex-DMB allelic diversity in old and new world nonhuman primates
Nineteen different new MHC-DMB complete cDNA sequences have been obtained in thirteen different individuals belonging to the following primate species/families: Hylobates lar, Papio hamadryas, Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, Cercopithecus aethiops and Saguinus oedipus. Exonic allelism has been recorded all along the DM molecule domains and analyses of the critical residues in the conformation of the MHC-DR peptide-binding site were done; it …
Novel description of aldosterone synthase CYP11B2 -344 T>C gene polymorphism related to hypertension in Mexican Amerindians
This is a report on population genetics of -344 T>C polymorphism in Amerindians for the first time. The aim was to establish the frequency of this polymorphism present in the 5’ promoter region of the CYP11B2 gene in Amerindian (Mayans, Mixtecos, and Teenek) and Mestizo populations from Mexico. It has been associated with an aldosterone increase and hypertension. Analyses were carried out by 5’ exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays in a group of 6…
A Lunisolar Prehistoric Calendar in Lanzarote Island
Zonzamas “Quesera” (Zonzamas “Cheeseboard”) is a lunisolar calendar according to evidences shown in the present paper. It represents Ancient Canarian Year (“Atxano”, meaning “stick,axis or hill shadow”), which started at Summer Solstice, June 21st. Six carved channels –left to right- sequentially represent the first six Canarian months. The first carved channel shows: a) the first Old Canarian month starting June 21st with 30 days; following chan…
Origin of Azeris (Iran) according to HLA genes
Azeris from Iran North West provinces (Tabriz city) have been studied for HLA alleles. A total of 8.902 HLA-bearing chromosomes (Chr 6) have been used for comparing their relatedness with other Middle East, Caucasus, Mediterranean and Central Asia populations. Mediterranean, Central Asian and Caucasus extended HLA haplotypes were found, i.e.: A*24:02-B*35:01-DBR1*11:01-DBQ1*03:01 and A*01:02-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01. Genetic distances, Neigh…
HLA genes in Atlantic Celtic populations
Atlantic Europe populations were analyzed with HLA genes in order to establish their relationship among themselves and with other populations. Standard genetic and statistical software analyses were used. Celtic populations (British Isles and French Bretons) have genetically been found close together: Irish, Welsh, Orkney Islanders (Scottish), French Bretons, Galicians, Spanish Basques, Portuguese, cluster together in DA genetic distances, corres…
The moon
This present paper is an integral part of another paper which completes the work (Int. J. Mod. Anthrop., 2018, 2:147-161). This part is about Moonrise observations and calculations which have been found from Cheeseboard/"Quesera" monument at Lanzarote Island in Zonzamas archaeological area in Canary Islands (Spain). This present paper shows that both a Sun calendar and a Moon calendar adjusted to fit into 29 or 30 solar days months are represente…
Malta and Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) cart-ruts and rock prehistoric calendar at Zonzamas, Lanzarote -'Quesera'/Cheeseboard
It is noticed that the abundant Malta cart-ruts fabrication by different cut shape in rocks is similar to “Quesera”/Cheeseboard Lanzarote rock prehistoric lunisolar calendar building. Even more, some Malta cart-ruts associated structures are similar to this Lanzarote rock calendar. Cart-ruts are hand made artifacts that in Malta started to be built up at Bronze Age; at present, they may be found throughout all Mediterranean area (North and South)…
Latín' rock scripts in Canary Islands are ancient Iberian inscriptions (Iberian-Guanche) A story of forgotten genetics, scripts, pyramids and other prehistoric artifacts
“Latin” rock scripts were discovered 30 years ago in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura Islands (Canary Islands). However, they are an incised linear writing which lacks Q, H, P and T frequent Latin letters and translation into Latin has not been possible. A transcription and a translation hypothesis was proposed long ago because scripts were almost identical to those of the Iberian semi-syllabary which was used in Iberia and France during first millenn…
Research Report
A new panel of “Latin” or Iberian-Guanche rock inscriptions has been found in Tenerife, a transcription and translation hypotheses have been put forward based on a methodology involving semantics and phonology of Basque and ancient Iberian language (used during the 1st millennium BC in Iberia and France). Both Iberian-Guanche (at Canary Is) and Iberian (at France and Iberia) rock scripts are sometimes found together with naviform lines. These inc…
Cart-ruts in Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) and Malta
Cart-ruts were first described throughout Malta Archipelago; they were defined as abundant prehistoric Bronze Age Man constructions carved in rock although more recently built cart-ruts may be possible. They consist of deep ruts, rails, tracks, grooves and channels that rarely are strictly parallel. Some of them are convergent or perpendicular to others and also they may abruptly change to curved lines. They are placed either in plains or hill sl…
The Ibero-Guanche (Latin) rock inscriptions found at Mt. Tenezara volcano (Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain)
Two of the several rock script panels found at Mt. Tenezara volcano slope, Lanzarote Is. (Canary Islands) have been analyzed. Both of them contain a linear writing which corresponds to the ancient Iberian semi-sillabary discovered by Gomez-Moreno in 1949 AD, thus to Iberian-Guanche inscriptions which previously were referred as Latin. Ancient Iberian scripts have been found in France, Portugal, Spain and other Mediterranean places during the 1st …
The Iberian-Guanche rock inscriptions at La Palma Is
Rock Iberian-Guanche inscriptions have been found in all Canary Islands including La Palma: they consist of incise (with few exceptions) lineal scripts which have been done by using the Iberian semi-syllabary that was used in Iberia and France during the 1st millennium BC until few centuries AD .This confirms First Canarian Inhabitants navigation among Islands. In this paper we analyze three of these rock inscriptions found in westernmost La Palm…
Cart-ruts in Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) volcanoes tops point to Equinoxes, Summer and Winter Solstices
Cart-ruts have been observed in Mediterranean Basin, Eurasia and Africa. They are rock carved stripes and channels which unexpectedly converge and/or bend, not being useful for transportation use because constant parallelism is not kept. Cart-ruts came first to scholars attention in Malta and Gozo Islands where they are abundant and dated at Bronze or Temple Age of this Archipelago. A big conjoint European investment for Cart-ruts study only got …
Iberian inscriptions in Sahara Desert rocks (Ti-m Missaou, Ahaggar Mts. area, Algeria)
In the present paper, we show Iberian or Iberian-Guanche scripts found in the Middle of Sahara Desert, Ti-m Missaou (Tim Missao, Tim Missaw), 270 km SouthWest of Tamanrasset on Ahaggar or Hoggar Mountains (Mts.) area (Algeria). More Iberian scripts may be earthed beneath Sahara Desert sands or have been neglected by observers. We also put forward that Iberian semi-syllabary may have its origin in the Neolithic Saharo-Canarian Circle, the same as …
Iberian inscriptions in Sahara Desert rocks (Ti-m Missaou, Ahaggar Mts. area, Algeria)
In the present paper, we show Iberian or Iberian-Guanche scripts found in the Middle of Sahara Desert, Ti-m Missaou (Tim Missao, Tim Missaw), 270 km SouthWest of Tamanrasset on Ahaggar or Hoggar Mountains (Mts.) area (Algeria). More Iberian scripts may be earthed beneath Sahara Desert sands or have been neglected by observers. We also put forward that Iberian semi-syllabary may have its origin in the Neolithic Saharo-Canarian Circle, the same as …
The Saharo-Canarian Circle
Canarians, North Africans and Iberians show a close genetic relatedness. Greeks have a Sub-Saharan gene input according to HLA and other autosomic markers. Also, there is a genetic kinship between both Atlantic Euro Africans and North African/Arabic people. This is concordant with a drying humid Sahara Desert, which may have occurred about 6,000 years BC, and the subsequent northwards emigration of Saharan people may have also happened in Pharaon…
Lineal Megalithic Rock Scripts as precursors of Iberian and other lineal Mediterranean/Euro African ancient writings
Lineal Megalithic/Paleolithic Lineal signs/lines may have a variety of purposes or representations. Some authors have proposed they represent sky, planets and stars and their movements, space/time representations or others, including letters/syllables or symbols/events. Some are painted, other incised; the latter are relatively more common in Megalithic scripts. Man is 'writing' or creating handmade figures on stones /rocks and other supports, wh…
The Northern Migrations from a drying Sahara (6,000 years BP)
Greeks have a Sub-Saharan gene input according to HLA and other autosomic markers. Iberians, Canarians, and North Africans show a close genetic relatedness. This is concordant with a drying humid Sahara Desert, which may have occurred about 6,000 years BC, and the subsequent northwards emigration of Saharan people may have also happened in Pharaonic times. Present study confirms this African gene input in Greeks according to 12th HLA Internationa…
Lineal Megalithic Scripts in widespread rocks, stones and a menhir structure in Zalamea la Real (Huelva, Spain)
Zalamea la Real is close to the biggest Mediterranean mines known in ancient times: Riotinto Mines (Huelva, Spain). Zalamea is within the South Iberia Pyrite Belt, which goes from Alcácer do Sal (Portugal) to Seville (Las Cruces Mines, at Gerena/Aznalcollar villages). It is a territory containing a high density of megaliths and neglected rocks/stones on the surrounding area which are rests of them. Zalamea district could be considered a megalithi…
Archaeology (30 works) · Geography (28 works) · History (28 works) · Ancient history (27 works) · Archaeological and Historical Studies (25 works) · Megalith (18 works) · Prehistory (18 works) · Archaeological and Geological Studies (15 works) · Geology (14 works) · Geology (14 works)