Hongsong Liu
Biographic Data
| ID | 4097146 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Hongsong Liu |
| GIVEN NAMES | Hongsong |
| FAMILY NAME | Liu |
| SIGNATURE | LIU H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Shanghai Jiao Tong University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6071-2443 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 21 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2014 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Industrial irreplaceability and China’s refining node power in critical mineral networks
China occupies a pivotal position in contemporary critical mineral refining, yet its predominance does not translate into uniform leverage. Using document-based comparative process tracing and a structured cross-case comparison of lithium, cobalt, rare earths, and nickel, the article examines when concentrated conversion capacity becomes politically usable. It argues that concentration is only a screening condition: refining node power emerges wh…
China’s Mediation Paradigm: How China’s Mediation Diplomacy Advanced Saudi-Iran Reconciliation
This study analyses China’s mediation paradigm and its contribution to fostering reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran, signifying a notable mark in the Middle Eastern geopolitical environment. It aims to answer the question of how China’s principles of neutrality, non-interference, and economic incentives facilitated the mediation and reinstatement of diplomatic relations between these two regional actors. The article examines the advanta…
Institutional hedging in contested global governance: Explaining Italy’s entry and exit from China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Italy became the only G7 member to join the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2019. Yet, 5 years later, Rome announced its withdrawal, a rare reversal among BRI participants. This article examines Italy’s abrupt policy shift. We argue that Italy’s decision to join and subsequently exit the BRI reflects a strategy of institutional hedging, in which states calibrate their institutional engagements based on evolving assessments of institutions’ rela…
Between tutelary and authoritarian regime: Dynamics of civil–military relations in Pakistan
The Taliban's Regime Security and the Strategic Calculus of China and Pakistan
This article contributes to the understanding of China and Pakistan's relations with the Taliban in Afghanistan. It examines why do the Taliban prioritize regime security in relations with China and Pakistan. The analysis argues that while China and Pakistan approach Afghanistan based on strategic, security, and economic interests, the Taliban remain primarily focused on regime survival and internal stability. Despite historical tensions, the Tal…
India’s gulf policy in the context of China-U.S. strategic competition
India's engagement with the Gulf region has a long-standing history, spanning cultural, economic, and diasporic dimensions. Since Prime Minister Modi's tenure, India's Gulf policy has undergone significant adjustments, aiming to enhance its geopolitical influence, ensure energy security, and advance economic and security cooperation by strengthening ties with Gulf nations. Despite achieving some successes, India continues to confront challenges s…
Institutional isomorphism in Chinese development finance regimes: A comparative study of the Aiib, the NDB, and the two policy banks
China’s growing development finance gives rise to the speculation that Beijing is creating a new model of foreign aid. There are also efforts to socialise China and change Chinese-led development finance institutions (DFIs) from within. Are Chinese DFIs convergent with/divergent from traditional DFIs? What are the mechanisms that drive their convergence/divergence? This article answers the questions with the three mechanisms of isomorphism, namel…
Attention politics and China's role transformation in global health partnerships
China's role in global health governance has evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic, sparking academic discussion. Most literature focuses on the structural factors shaping China's participation in global health governance at the international level, with fewer studies addressing China's domestic ideational factors. This article aims to integrate these two levels of analysis by examining how China's domestic political system has shaped the transfor…
Cautious optimism: Unravelling Chinese views on European strategic autonomy
India in Contested Regional Multilateralism: Between Seeking Institutional Balancing and Avoiding Rising Power Dilemmas
How does India navigate contested regional multilateral frameworks in the Asia‐Pacific? This question has important implications for India's multilateral foreign policy and diplomacy that seeks to emerge from regional to global power. The authors argue that India's foreign policy involves seeking institutional balancing and avoiding rising power dilemmas. Based on the conceptual framework of institutional balancing and rising power dilemma, the p…
Regional Connectivity and Inclusion of New Partners in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Prospects and Challenges
This paper examines the potential of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor for shared prosperity and economic development through enhanced regional connectivity. It argues that CPEC can act as a regional connector for South Asian and Middle Eastern states by bringing enormous economic and trade opportunities. Having examined the potential utilisation of CPEC as a regional connector in contextualising the Pakistan-China shared consensus for the inclusi…
China’s health silk road construction during the Covid-19 pandemic
China has been contributing to new approaches to global governance. The Health Silk Road (HSR), a significant component of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), was proposed by China in 2016. This paper claims that HSR is a new institution introduced alongside the existing WHO-led multilateral health system, and its relationship with the existing system can be described as layering. Having explored the new development of HSR during COVID-19, this p…
Making sense of the European Union: Chinese representations
Chinese academic representations of the rise of populism in Europe
Informal governance and China’s influence in the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
This article develops a theoretical framework on the conditions and mechanisms of informal governance in international organizations by a major power. It argues that the condition for informal governance is that the major power has favourable outside options, i.e. the alternatives that bring about considerable gains in the absence of cooperation, while other countries do not. When conditions are not in place, the major power is unable to exert in…
The Emerging Dimensions of China–Pakistan Economic Cooperation and CPEC: Significance and Challenges
India's Indo‐Pacific Strategy: A Pragmatic Balancing between the United States and China
Despite having differing foreign policy objectives against the core Indo‐Pacific fundamentals, Prime Minister Modi is constructing a robust, proactive, and influential role of India in the Indo‐Pacific region without formally aligning with the United States or gesturing for any confrontational behavior against China. To unfold India's Indo‐Pacific positioning, this paper asks how India behaves between the United States and China in the Indo‐Pacif…
The dynamics of China’s attitude towards implementing the responsibility to protect in the Middle East and North Africa
China’s attitude towards the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has evolved from resistance to acceptance with reservations. Having endorsed R2P, China reinterpreted the emerging norm and put forward four principles of implementing R2P, namely target state consent, regional consensus, non-coercive means or coercive means authorized by the UN Security Council, and no precedent-setting, which are followed when implementing R2P. This article explores C…
The Changing Dynamics and New Developments of China–Pakistan Relations
The China–Pakistan relation has historical underpinning. By establishing diplomatic relations in 1951, each passing decade has witnessed that China–Pakistan relations coalesce into a dependable friendship. This relationship has gone beyond the usual diplomatic and political comfortability transcending to a broad-based framework incorporating economics, trade and defence dimensions. In the given context, this paper is an empirical study aiming to …
Chinese perception of China’s engagement in multilateralism and global governance
With China’s reintegration into the international system its involvement in multilateral initiatives, interactions with international institutions, and participation in global governance have become integral parts of Chinese foreign policy. Chinese scholars have conducted a great deal of research on these topics. The first stage of Chinese scholars’ research centered on China’s multilateral diplomacy and the interaction between China and internat…
Development finance with Chinese characteristics: Financing the Belt and Road Initiative
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is clearly aimed at international development, and designed to jointly build a regional economic cooperation framework that is open, inclusive and balanced. Financial integration is the cornerstone of the BRI, and development finance is the most widely used mode of cooperation in financing. Development finance with Chinese characteristics is concessional and development-oriented, differing from Official Developm…
China's proposing behavior in Global Governance: The cases of the WTO Doha Round negotiation and G-20 process
This article examines China's proposals on the reform of global governance, and discusses the main features of China's proposing behavior in the cases of the WTO Doha Round negotiation and G-20 Process. The main findings are: (1) in the critical junctures of global governance reform, China engaged the reform of the global governance institutions proactively, and put forward a series of reform proposals; (2) in proposing behavior, China argued the…
The Changing Dynamics and New Developments of China–Pakistan Relations
The China–Pakistan relation has historical underpinning. By establishing diplomatic relations in 1951, each passing decade has witnessed that China–Pakistan relations coalesce into a dependable friendship. This relationship has gone beyond the usual diplomatic and political comfortability transcending to a broad-based framework incorporating economics, trade and defence dimensions. In the given context, this paper is an empirical study aiming to …
Cautious optimism: Unravelling Chinese views on European strategic autonomy
Development finance with Chinese characteristics: Financing the Belt and Road Initiative
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is clearly aimed at international development, and designed to jointly build a regional economic cooperation framework that is open, inclusive and balanced. Financial integration is the cornerstone of the BRI, and development finance is the most widely used mode of cooperation in financing. Development finance with Chinese characteristics is concessional and development-oriented, differing from Official Developm…
Informal governance and China’s influence in the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
This article develops a theoretical framework on the conditions and mechanisms of informal governance in international organizations by a major power. It argues that the condition for informal governance is that the major power has favourable outside options, i.e. the alternatives that bring about considerable gains in the absence of cooperation, while other countries do not. When conditions are not in place, the major power is unable to exert in…
The dynamics of China’s attitude towards implementing the responsibility to protect in the Middle East and North Africa
China’s attitude towards the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has evolved from resistance to acceptance with reservations. Having endorsed R2P, China reinterpreted the emerging norm and put forward four principles of implementing R2P, namely target state consent, regional consensus, non-coercive means or coercive means authorized by the UN Security Council, and no precedent-setting, which are followed when implementing R2P. This article explores C…
Chinese perception of China’s engagement in multilateralism and global governance
With China’s reintegration into the international system its involvement in multilateral initiatives, interactions with international institutions, and participation in global governance have become integral parts of Chinese foreign policy. Chinese scholars have conducted a great deal of research on these topics. The first stage of Chinese scholars’ research centered on China’s multilateral diplomacy and the interaction between China and internat…
China's proposing behavior in Global Governance: The cases of the WTO Doha Round negotiation and G-20 process
This article examines China's proposals on the reform of global governance, and discusses the main features of China's proposing behavior in the cases of the WTO Doha Round negotiation and G-20 Process. The main findings are: (1) in the critical junctures of global governance reform, China engaged the reform of the global governance institutions proactively, and put forward a series of reform proposals; (2) in proposing behavior, China argued the…
The dynamics of China’s attitude towards implementing the responsibility to protect in the Middle East and North Africa
China’s attitude towards the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has evolved from resistance to acceptance with reservations. Having endorsed R2P, China reinterpreted the emerging norm and put forward four principles of implementing R2P, namely target state consent, regional consensus, non-coercive means or coercive means authorized by the UN Security Council, and no precedent-setting, which are followed when implementing R2P. This article explores C…
The Changing Dynamics and New Developments of China–Pakistan Relations
The China–Pakistan relation has historical underpinning. By establishing diplomatic relations in 1951, each passing decade has witnessed that China–Pakistan relations coalesce into a dependable friendship. This relationship has gone beyond the usual diplomatic and political comfortability transcending to a broad-based framework incorporating economics, trade and defence dimensions. In the given context, this paper is an empirical study aiming to …
Chinese perception of China’s engagement in multilateralism and global governance
With China’s reintegration into the international system its involvement in multilateral initiatives, interactions with international institutions, and participation in global governance have become integral parts of Chinese foreign policy. Chinese scholars have conducted a great deal of research on these topics. The first stage of Chinese scholars’ research centered on China’s multilateral diplomacy and the interaction between China and internat…
Development finance with Chinese characteristics: Financing the Belt and Road Initiative
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is clearly aimed at international development, and designed to jointly build a regional economic cooperation framework that is open, inclusive and balanced. Financial integration is the cornerstone of the BRI, and development finance is the most widely used mode of cooperation in financing. Development finance with Chinese characteristics is concessional and development-oriented, differing from Official Developm…
India's Indo‐Pacific Strategy: A Pragmatic Balancing between the United States and China
Despite having differing foreign policy objectives against the core Indo‐Pacific fundamentals, Prime Minister Modi is constructing a robust, proactive, and influential role of India in the Indo‐Pacific region without formally aligning with the United States or gesturing for any confrontational behavior against China. To unfold India's Indo‐Pacific positioning, this paper asks how India behaves between the United States and China in the Indo‐Pacif…
The Emerging Dimensions of China–Pakistan Economic Cooperation and CPEC: Significance and Challenges
Regional Connectivity and Inclusion of New Partners in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Prospects and Challenges
This paper examines the potential of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor for shared prosperity and economic development through enhanced regional connectivity. It argues that CPEC can act as a regional connector for South Asian and Middle Eastern states by bringing enormous economic and trade opportunities. Having examined the potential utilisation of CPEC as a regional connector in contextualising the Pakistan-China shared consensus for the inclusi…
China’s health silk road construction during the Covid-19 pandemic
China has been contributing to new approaches to global governance. The Health Silk Road (HSR), a significant component of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), was proposed by China in 2016. This paper claims that HSR is a new institution introduced alongside the existing WHO-led multilateral health system, and its relationship with the existing system can be described as layering. Having explored the new development of HSR during COVID-19, this p…
Making sense of the European Union: Chinese representations
Chinese academic representations of the rise of populism in Europe
Informal governance and China’s influence in the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
This article develops a theoretical framework on the conditions and mechanisms of informal governance in international organizations by a major power. It argues that the condition for informal governance is that the major power has favourable outside options, i.e. the alternatives that bring about considerable gains in the absence of cooperation, while other countries do not. When conditions are not in place, the major power is unable to exert in…
India in Contested Regional Multilateralism: Between Seeking Institutional Balancing and Avoiding Rising Power Dilemmas
How does India navigate contested regional multilateral frameworks in the Asia‐Pacific? This question has important implications for India's multilateral foreign policy and diplomacy that seeks to emerge from regional to global power. The authors argue that India's foreign policy involves seeking institutional balancing and avoiding rising power dilemmas. Based on the conceptual framework of institutional balancing and rising power dilemma, the p…
India’s gulf policy in the context of China-U.S. strategic competition
India's engagement with the Gulf region has a long-standing history, spanning cultural, economic, and diasporic dimensions. Since Prime Minister Modi's tenure, India's Gulf policy has undergone significant adjustments, aiming to enhance its geopolitical influence, ensure energy security, and advance economic and security cooperation by strengthening ties with Gulf nations. Despite achieving some successes, India continues to confront challenges s…
Institutional isomorphism in Chinese development finance regimes: A comparative study of the Aiib, the NDB, and the two policy banks
China’s growing development finance gives rise to the speculation that Beijing is creating a new model of foreign aid. There are also efforts to socialise China and change Chinese-led development finance institutions (DFIs) from within. Are Chinese DFIs convergent with/divergent from traditional DFIs? What are the mechanisms that drive their convergence/divergence? This article answers the questions with the three mechanisms of isomorphism, namel…
Attention politics and China's role transformation in global health partnerships
China's role in global health governance has evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic, sparking academic discussion. Most literature focuses on the structural factors shaping China's participation in global health governance at the international level, with fewer studies addressing China's domestic ideational factors. This article aims to integrate these two levels of analysis by examining how China's domestic political system has shaped the transfor…
Cautious optimism: Unravelling Chinese views on European strategic autonomy
Industrial irreplaceability and China’s refining node power in critical mineral networks
China occupies a pivotal position in contemporary critical mineral refining, yet its predominance does not translate into uniform leverage. Using document-based comparative process tracing and a structured cross-case comparison of lithium, cobalt, rare earths, and nickel, the article examines when concentrated conversion capacity becomes politically usable. It argues that concentration is only a screening condition: refining node power emerges wh…
China’s Mediation Paradigm: How China’s Mediation Diplomacy Advanced Saudi-Iran Reconciliation
This study analyses China’s mediation paradigm and its contribution to fostering reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran, signifying a notable mark in the Middle Eastern geopolitical environment. It aims to answer the question of how China’s principles of neutrality, non-interference, and economic incentives facilitated the mediation and reinstatement of diplomatic relations between these two regional actors. The article examines the advanta…
Institutional hedging in contested global governance: Explaining Italy’s entry and exit from China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Italy became the only G7 member to join the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2019. Yet, 5 years later, Rome announced its withdrawal, a rare reversal among BRI participants. This article examines Italy’s abrupt policy shift. We argue that Italy’s decision to join and subsequently exit the BRI reflects a strategy of institutional hedging, in which states calibrate their institutional engagements based on evolving assessments of institutions’ rela…
Between tutelary and authoritarian regime: Dynamics of civil–military relations in Pakistan
The Taliban's Regime Security and the Strategic Calculus of China and Pakistan
This article contributes to the understanding of China and Pakistan's relations with the Taliban in Afghanistan. It examines why do the Taliban prioritize regime security in relations with China and Pakistan. The analysis argues that while China and Pakistan approach Afghanistan based on strategic, security, and economic interests, the Taliban remain primarily focused on regime survival and internal stability. Despite historical tensions, the Tal…
China (15 works) · Political science (15 works) · Economics (11 works) · Law (9 works) · Law (9 works) · Politics (9 works) · International Development and Aid (8 works) · Business (6 works) · Geography (6 works) · International Relations and Foreign Policy (6 works)