James C Howell
Biographic Data
| ID | 4115249 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James C Howell |
| GIVEN NAMES | James C |
| FAMILY NAME | Howell |
| SIGNATURE | HOWELL J C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Justice & Security Strategies |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1121-4381 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 111 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
The National Youth Gang Survey: Past, Present, and Future
From 1996 to 2012, the National Youth Gang Survey (NYGS), funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, was conducted annually. The survey provided insight into gang trends in the United States, and researchers demonstrated its utility for studies on gang-related topics. Yet at the time of this writing, the survey had not been fielded for a decade. In 2020, the National Institute of Justice committed funding to revive the N…
Childhood Trauma and College Sexual Harassment: Coping and Resilience as Moderators
What Works With Gangs: A Breakthrough
The search for the holy grail: Criminogenic needs matching, intervention dosage, and subsequent recidivism among serious juvenile offenders in residential placement
Increasing the Minimum Age for Adult Court: Is it Desirable, and What Are the Effects
History of Street Gangs in the United States: Their Origins and Transformations
This book is an historical account of the emergence of youth gangs and the transformation of these into street gangs in the United States. The author traces the emergence of these gangs in the four major geographical regions over the span of two centuries, from the early 1800s to 2012. The author’s authoritative analysis explains gang emergence and expansion from play groups to heavily armed street gangs responsible for a large proportion of urba…
To Shoot or Not to Shoot; Gang Decisions, Decisions
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders: A Statewide Analysis of Prevalence and Prediction of Subsequent Recidivism Using Risk and Protective Factors
Research Summary The prevalence of serious, violent, and chronic offenders is assessed across 5 years of delinquency referrals to a centralized juvenile justice agency. Differences in prevalence by gender and race/ethnicity and by age at first referral are compared for these youth with the other juveniles referred. Analyses examine whether subsequent official reoffending of these juveniles is predicted by similar risk and protective factors as wi…
Mark Lipsey's Contribution to Evidence‐Based Services for Juvenile Offenders: What Works across Juvenile Justice Systems
The Developmental Dynamics of Joining a Gang in Adolescence: Patterns and Predictors of Gang Membership
Researchers have examined the predictors of adolescent gang membership, finding significant factors in the neighborhood, family, school, peers, and individual domains. However, little is known about whether risk and protective factors differ in predictive salience at different developmental periods. The present study examines predictors of joining a gang, tests whether these factors have different effects at different ages, and whether they diffe…
GREAT Results: Implications for PBIS in Schools
Overview of: “Young Adult Offenders: The Need for More Effective Legislative Options and Justice Processing”
Research Summary Empirical evidence shows that no sharp change in cognitive functioning or in offending careers occurs on the 18th birthday. Many aspects of higher executive functioning, including impulse control, planning ahead, reasoning, thinking before acting, emotion regulation, delay of gratification, abstract thinking, and verbal memory, as well as resistance to peer influence, continue to mature through the mid‐20s. Most young offenders n…
A Broader View of Evidence‐Based Programs Reveals More Options for State Juvenile Justice Systems
Young Adult Offenders: The Need for More Effective Legislative Options and Justice Processing
In most states, the legal treatment of offenders changes dramatically when they reach their 18th birthday. (In some states, this transition occurs at ages 16, 17, or even 19; see Griffin, 2012.) Instead of being dealt with in the juvenile justice system, which focuses mainly on the best interests of the child, rehabilitation, and programming, offenders start being dealt with in the adult criminal justice system, which focuses on just deserts, ret…
Moving Risk Factors into Developmental Theories of Gang Membership
Several quantitative longitudinal studies of youth gang members—particularly those embedded in well-designed studies of large, representative samples of children and adolescents—have expanded interest in risk factors for gang membership. Drawing on recent research findings, this article aims to review and synthesize risk factors for gang involvement and to integrate these in a theoretical explanation of youth gang membership. Research-supported r…
Factors Influencing Gun Carrying Among Young Urban Males Over the Adolescent‐young Adult Life Course
This paper uses data from an ongoing panel study of urban youth to examine the causes and correlates of hidden gun carrying among young urban males. The analysis assesses the changing impact of gang membership, drug sales, and peer gun ownership for protection on gun carrying at nine separate points over the early adolescent to young adult life course. In early adolescence, gang membership is a strong motivation for gun carrying. At somewhat olde…
Childhood Risk Factors for Adolescent Gang Membership: Results from the Seattle Social Development Project
Adolescents who join gangs are more frequently involved in serious delinquency compared with those who do not, yet few studies have conducted a prospective examination of risk factors for gang membership. The present study uses longitudinal data to predict gang membership in adolescence from factors measured in childhood. Data were from the Seattle Social Development Project, an ethnically diverse, gender-balanced sample (n = 808) followed prospe…
Prevention of Youth Violence
Research on the epidemiology of violence has identified two groups of offenders: life-course-persistent offenders and adolescent-limited offenders. Violence prevention programs should seek either to prevent the emergence of violent behavior in childhood or to prevent the spread of violence in adolescence. Research has identified predictors of both patterns of behavior. Prevention programs should explicitly seek to address these risk and protectiv…
Juvenile Justice and Youth Violence
Improving the Balance between Child Development and Juvenile Punishment in a Comprehensive Strategy: A Comment on Vila
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Juvenile Transfers to the Criminal Justice System: State of the Art
This article reviews the research literature on the main mechanisms for transferring juveniles to the criminal justice system: judicial waiver, prosecutorial direct files, and legislative exclusion from juvenile court jurisdiction. The main criteria guiding this review are the extent to which these transfer mechanisms capture serious, violent, and chronic offenders; convict and incarcerate them; and protect the public safety. Most of the research…
Factors Influencing Gun Carrying Among Young Urban Males Over the Adolescent‐young Adult Life Course
This paper uses data from an ongoing panel study of urban youth to examine the causes and correlates of hidden gun carrying among young urban males. The analysis assesses the changing impact of gang membership, drug sales, and peer gun ownership for protection on gun carrying at nine separate points over the early adolescent to young adult life course. In early adolescence, gang membership is a strong motivation for gun carrying. At somewhat olde…
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders: A Statewide Analysis of Prevalence and Prediction of Subsequent Recidivism Using Risk and Protective Factors
Research Summary The prevalence of serious, violent, and chronic offenders is assessed across 5 years of delinquency referrals to a centralized juvenile justice agency. Differences in prevalence by gender and race/ethnicity and by age at first referral are compared for these youth with the other juveniles referred. Analyses examine whether subsequent official reoffending of these juveniles is predicted by similar risk and protective factors as wi…
Young Adult Offenders: The Need for More Effective Legislative Options and Justice Processing
In most states, the legal treatment of offenders changes dramatically when they reach their 18th birthday. (In some states, this transition occurs at ages 16, 17, or even 19; see Griffin, 2012.) Instead of being dealt with in the juvenile justice system, which focuses mainly on the best interests of the child, rehabilitation, and programming, offenders start being dealt with in the adult criminal justice system, which focuses on just deserts, ret…
Juvenile Transfers to the Criminal Justice System: State of the Art
This article reviews the research literature on the main mechanisms for transferring juveniles to the criminal justice system: judicial waiver, prosecutorial direct files, and legislative exclusion from juvenile court jurisdiction. The main criteria guiding this review are the extent to which these transfer mechanisms capture serious, violent, and chronic offenders; convict and incarcerate them; and protect the public safety. Most of the research…
The Developmental Dynamics of Joining a Gang in Adolescence: Patterns and Predictors of Gang Membership
Researchers have examined the predictors of adolescent gang membership, finding significant factors in the neighborhood, family, school, peers, and individual domains. However, little is known about whether risk and protective factors differ in predictive salience at different developmental periods. The present study examines predictors of joining a gang, tests whether these factors have different effects at different ages, and whether they diffe…
The search for the holy grail: Criminogenic needs matching, intervention dosage, and subsequent recidivism among serious juvenile offenders in residential placement
A Broader View of Evidence‐Based Programs Reveals More Options for State Juvenile Justice Systems
Prevention of Youth Violence
Research on the epidemiology of violence has identified two groups of offenders: life-course-persistent offenders and adolescent-limited offenders. Violence prevention programs should seek either to prevent the emergence of violent behavior in childhood or to prevent the spread of violence in adolescence. Research has identified predictors of both patterns of behavior. Prevention programs should explicitly seek to address these risk and protectiv…
What Works With Gangs: A Breakthrough
Increasing the Minimum Age for Adult Court: Is it Desirable, and What Are the Effects
GREAT Results: Implications for PBIS in Schools
Overview of: “Young Adult Offenders: The Need for More Effective Legislative Options and Justice Processing”
Research Summary Empirical evidence shows that no sharp change in cognitive functioning or in offending careers occurs on the 18th birthday. Many aspects of higher executive functioning, including impulse control, planning ahead, reasoning, thinking before acting, emotion regulation, delay of gratification, abstract thinking, and verbal memory, as well as resistance to peer influence, continue to mature through the mid‐20s. Most young offenders n…
Juvenile Transfers to the Criminal Justice System: State of the Art
This article reviews the research literature on the main mechanisms for transferring juveniles to the criminal justice system: judicial waiver, prosecutorial direct files, and legislative exclusion from juvenile court jurisdiction. The main criteria guiding this review are the extent to which these transfer mechanisms capture serious, violent, and chronic offenders; convict and incarcerate them; and protect the public safety. Most of the research…
Improving the Balance between Child Development and Juvenile Punishment in a Comprehensive Strategy: A Comment on Vila
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Prevention of Youth Violence
Research on the epidemiology of violence has identified two groups of offenders: life-course-persistent offenders and adolescent-limited offenders. Violence prevention programs should seek either to prevent the emergence of violent behavior in childhood or to prevent the spread of violence in adolescence. Research has identified predictors of both patterns of behavior. Prevention programs should explicitly seek to address these risk and protectiv…
Juvenile Justice and Youth Violence
Childhood Risk Factors for Adolescent Gang Membership: Results from the Seattle Social Development Project
Adolescents who join gangs are more frequently involved in serious delinquency compared with those who do not, yet few studies have conducted a prospective examination of risk factors for gang membership. The present study uses longitudinal data to predict gang membership in adolescence from factors measured in childhood. Data were from the Seattle Social Development Project, an ethnically diverse, gender-balanced sample (n = 808) followed prospe…
Factors Influencing Gun Carrying Among Young Urban Males Over the Adolescent‐young Adult Life Course
This paper uses data from an ongoing panel study of urban youth to examine the causes and correlates of hidden gun carrying among young urban males. The analysis assesses the changing impact of gang membership, drug sales, and peer gun ownership for protection on gun carrying at nine separate points over the early adolescent to young adult life course. In early adolescence, gang membership is a strong motivation for gun carrying. At somewhat olde…
Moving Risk Factors into Developmental Theories of Gang Membership
Several quantitative longitudinal studies of youth gang members—particularly those embedded in well-designed studies of large, representative samples of children and adolescents—have expanded interest in risk factors for gang membership. Drawing on recent research findings, this article aims to review and synthesize risk factors for gang involvement and to integrate these in a theoretical explanation of youth gang membership. Research-supported r…
Overview of: “Young Adult Offenders: The Need for More Effective Legislative Options and Justice Processing”
Research Summary Empirical evidence shows that no sharp change in cognitive functioning or in offending careers occurs on the 18th birthday. Many aspects of higher executive functioning, including impulse control, planning ahead, reasoning, thinking before acting, emotion regulation, delay of gratification, abstract thinking, and verbal memory, as well as resistance to peer influence, continue to mature through the mid‐20s. Most young offenders n…
A Broader View of Evidence‐Based Programs Reveals More Options for State Juvenile Justice Systems
Young Adult Offenders: The Need for More Effective Legislative Options and Justice Processing
In most states, the legal treatment of offenders changes dramatically when they reach their 18th birthday. (In some states, this transition occurs at ages 16, 17, or even 19; see Griffin, 2012.) Instead of being dealt with in the juvenile justice system, which focuses mainly on the best interests of the child, rehabilitation, and programming, offenders start being dealt with in the adult criminal justice system, which focuses on just deserts, ret…
GREAT Results: Implications for PBIS in Schools
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders: A Statewide Analysis of Prevalence and Prediction of Subsequent Recidivism Using Risk and Protective Factors
Research Summary The prevalence of serious, violent, and chronic offenders is assessed across 5 years of delinquency referrals to a centralized juvenile justice agency. Differences in prevalence by gender and race/ethnicity and by age at first referral are compared for these youth with the other juveniles referred. Analyses examine whether subsequent official reoffending of these juveniles is predicted by similar risk and protective factors as wi…
Mark Lipsey's Contribution to Evidence‐Based Services for Juvenile Offenders: What Works across Juvenile Justice Systems
The Developmental Dynamics of Joining a Gang in Adolescence: Patterns and Predictors of Gang Membership
Researchers have examined the predictors of adolescent gang membership, finding significant factors in the neighborhood, family, school, peers, and individual domains. However, little is known about whether risk and protective factors differ in predictive salience at different developmental periods. The present study examines predictors of joining a gang, tests whether these factors have different effects at different ages, and whether they diffe…
History of Street Gangs in the United States: Their Origins and Transformations
This book is an historical account of the emergence of youth gangs and the transformation of these into street gangs in the United States. The author traces the emergence of these gangs in the four major geographical regions over the span of two centuries, from the early 1800s to 2012. The author’s authoritative analysis explains gang emergence and expansion from play groups to heavily armed street gangs responsible for a large proportion of urba…
To Shoot or Not to Shoot; Gang Decisions, Decisions
Increasing the Minimum Age for Adult Court: Is it Desirable, and What Are the Effects
What Works With Gangs: A Breakthrough
The search for the holy grail: Criminogenic needs matching, intervention dosage, and subsequent recidivism among serious juvenile offenders in residential placement
Childhood Trauma and College Sexual Harassment: Coping and Resilience as Moderators
The National Youth Gang Survey: Past, Present, and Future
From 1996 to 2012, the National Youth Gang Survey (NYGS), funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, was conducted annually. The survey provided insight into gang trends in the United States, and researchers demonstrated its utility for studies on gang-related topics. Yet at the time of this writing, the survey had not been fielded for a decade. In 2020, the National Institute of Justice committed funding to revive the N…
Criminology (15 works) · Psychology (15 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (13 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (11 works) · Political science (11 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Economic Justice (8 works) · Juvenile delinquency (8 works) · Law (8 works)