L Quillian
Biographic Data
| ID | 41189 |
|---|---|
| NAME | L Quillian |
| GIVEN NAMES | L |
| FAMILY NAME | Quillian |
| SIGNATURE | QUILLIAN L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Northwestern University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7737-3759 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2,900 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 30 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 18 |
The racialized penalties of immigrant origin
The role of discrimination in shaping the life chances of immigrants and their descendants is central to debates in the sociology of immigration. This study synthesizes evidence from 114 field experiments on hiring conducted across twelve countries, comparing discrimination against foreign-born and native-born minoritized groups in Europe and North America. Using meta-regression, we examine how callback rates vary by applicants’ place of birth, c…
How (Not) to Use Risk Ratios in Sociological Research
A small but growing literature uses the risk ratio as an association or effect measure. Unlike odds ratios, risk ratios are unaffected by rescaling or noncollapsibility bias and are straightforward to interpret. However, the risk ratio has one unattractive property that researchers need to be aware of: it is not symmetric with respect to the outcome definition. The ratio between two groups’ probability of success does not equal the inverse of the…
Comparative Perspectives on Racial Discrimination in Hiring
This article reviews studies of hiring discrimination against racial and ethnic minority groups in cross-national perspective. We focus on field experimental studies of hiring discrimination: studies that use fictitious applications from members of different racial and ethnic groups to apply for actual jobs. There are more than 140 field experimental studies of hiring discrimination against ethno-racial minority groups in 30 countries. We outline…
Evidence from Field Experiments in Hiring Shows Substantial Additional Racial Discrimination after the Callback
Field experiments using fictitious applications have become an increasingly important method for assessing hiring discrimination. Most field experiments of hiring, however, only observe whether the applicant receives an invitation to interview, called the “callback.” How adequate is our understanding of discrimination in the hiring process based on an assessment of discrimination in callbacks, when the ultimate subject of interest is discriminati…
Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Housing and Mortgage Lending Markets
Do Some Countries Discriminate More than Others? Evidence from 97 Field Experiments of Racial Discrimination in Hiring
Comparing levels of discrimination across countries can provide a window into large-scale social and political factors often described as the root of discrimination. Because of difficulties in measurement, however, little is established about variation in hiring discrimination across countries. We address this gap through a formal meta-analysis of 97 field experiments of discrimination incorporating more than 200,000 job applications in nine coun…
Meta-analysis of field experiments shows no change in racial discrimination in hiring over time
Significance Many scholars have argued that discrimination in American society has decreased over time, while others point to persisting race and ethnic gaps and subtle forms of prejudice. The question has remained unsettled due to the indirect methods often used to assess levels of discrimination. We assess trends in hiring discrimination against African Americans and Latinos over time by analyzing callback rates from all available field experim…
Segregation as a Source of Contextual Advantage
Lincoln Quillian, Segregation as a Source of Contextual Advantage: A Formal Theory with Application to American Cities, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 2, Spatial Foundations of Inequality (February 2017), pp. 152-169
Socioeconomic Segregation in Large Cities in France and the United States
Past cross-national comparisons of socioeconomic segregation have been undercut by lack of comparability in measures, data, and concepts. Using IRIS data from the French Census of 2008 and the French Ministry of Finance as well as tract data from the American Community Survey (2006-2010) and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Picture of Subsidized Households, and constructing measures to be as similar as possible, we compare soc…
A Comparison of Traditional and Discrete-Choice Approaches to the Analysis of Residential Mobility and Locational Attainment
This article contrasts traditional modeling approaches and discrete-choice models as methods to analyze locational attainment-how individual and household characteristics (such as race, socioeconomic status, age) influence the characteristics of neighborhoods of residence (such as racial composition and median income). Traditional models analyze attributes of a neighborhood as a function of the characteristics of the households within them; discr…
Does Segregation Create Winners and Losers? Residential Segregation and Inequality in Educational Attainment
This article examines the effects of residential segregation on the basis of poverty status and race for high school and college completion. Segregation effects are estimated by contrasting educational outcomes among persons raised in metropolitan areas with varying levels of segregation. This metropolitan-level approach provides two advantages in evaluating segregation effects over neighborhood effects studies: it incorporates effects of residen…
Chicago as Seen by the Chicago School's Greatest Practitioner
Segregation and Poverty Concentration
A key argument of Massey and Denton's (1993) American Apartheid is that racial residential segregation and non-white group poverty rates combine interactively to produce spatially concentrated poverty. Despite a compelling theoretical rationale, empirical tests of this proposition have been negative or mixed. This article develops a formal decomposition model that expands Massey's model of how segregation, group poverty rates, and other spatial c…
Estimating Risk
This paper considers the process by which individuals estimate the risk of adverse events, with particular attention to the social context in which risk estimates are formed. We compare subjective probability estimates of crime victimization to actual victimization experiences among respondents from the 1994 to 2002 waves of the Survey of Economic Expectations ( Dominitz and Manski 2002 ). Using zip code identifiers, we then match these survey da…
Blueprint for Disaster
When Ways of Life Collide
Does intergenerational social mobility affect antagonistic attitudes towards ethnic minorities
Up till now, no study satisfactorily addressed the effect of social mobility on antagonistic attitudes toward ethnic minorities. In this contribution, we investigate the effect of educational and class intergenerational mobility on ethnic stereotypes, ethnic threat, and opposition to ethnic intermarriage by using diagonal mobility models. We test several hypotheses derived from ethnic competition theory and socialization theory with data from the…
The friendship networks of multiracial adolescents
Does Unconscious Racism Exist
This essay argues for the existence of a form of unconscious racism. Research on implicit prejudice provides good evidence that most persons have deeply held negative associations with minority groups that can lead to subtle discrimination without conscious awareness. The evidence for implicit attitudes is briefly reviewed. Criticisms of the implicit prejudice literature raised by Arkes and Tetlock (2004) are discussed, but found to be inconsiste…
Measuring Racial Discrimination
New Approaches to Understanding Racial Prejudice and Discrimination
This chapter reviews and critiques recent work on prejudice, discrimination, and racism, with an emphasis on evidence of continuing discrimination in the United States and efforts to understand its basis in prejudice. Three lines of research are the primary subject of the review: recent work on the measurement of discrimination, especially audit methods; theories of new prejudice and new racism following the Civil Rights movement; and research on…
Walking the Talk? What Employers Say Versus What They Do
This article considers the relationship between employers' attitudes toward hiring exoffenders and their actual hiring behavior. Using data from an experimental audit study of entry-level jobs matched with a telephone survey of the same employers, the authors compare employers' willingness to hire black and white ex-offenders, as represented both by their self-reports and by their decisions in actual hiring situations. Employers who indicated a g…
How Long are Exposures to Poor Neighborhoods? The Long-Term Dynamics of Entry and Exit from Poor Neighborhoods
Beyond Black and White
How will racial divisions in student friendship networks change as U.S. schools incorporate a growing Asian and Hispanic population? Drawing on theories of race in assimilation processes and the effects of relative group size on intergroup relations, several hypotheses are developed to address this question. These hypotheses are tested using data on friendships among students in grades 7 to 12 from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent He…
The decline of male employment in low-income black neighborhoods, 1950-1990
Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat
L'A. etudie la representation des prejudices. Il evalue la perception de la menace que les groupes subordonnes ferraient peser sur les groupes dominants. Il estime que les conditions economiques et l'importance des groupes subordonnes par rapport aux groupes dominants expliquent ce type de perception. Il note a partir de donneees europeennes des disparites entre les 12 sur ce plan precis. Cette perception de la menace « ethnique » expliquerait le…
New Approaches to Understanding Racial Prejudice and Discrimination
This chapter reviews and critiques recent work on prejudice, discrimination, and racism, with an emphasis on evidence of continuing discrimination in the United States and efforts to understand its basis in prejudice. Three lines of research are the primary subject of the review: recent work on the measurement of discrimination, especially audit methods; theories of new prejudice and new racism following the Civil Rights movement; and research on…
Walking the Talk? What Employers Say Versus What They Do
This article considers the relationship between employers' attitudes toward hiring exoffenders and their actual hiring behavior. Using data from an experimental audit study of entry-level jobs matched with a telephone survey of the same employers, the authors compare employers' willingness to hire black and white ex-offenders, as represented both by their self-reports and by their decisions in actual hiring situations. Employers who indicated a g…
Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial Stereotypes in Evaluations of Neighborhood Crime
This article investigates the relationship between neighborhood ra-cial composition and perceptions residents have of their neighbor-hood’s level of crime. The study uses questions about perceptions of neighborhood crime from surveys in Chicago, Seattle, and Bal-timore, matched with census data and police department crime sta-tistics. The percentage young black men in a neighborhood is pos-itively associated with perceptions of the neighborhood c…
Beyond Black and White
How will racial divisions in student friendship networks change as U.S. schools incorporate a growing Asian and Hispanic population? Drawing on theories of race in assimilation processes and the effects of relative group size on intergroup relations, several hypotheses are developed to address this question. These hypotheses are tested using data on friendships among students in grades 7 to 12 from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent He…
Group Threat and Regional Change in Attitudes Toward African-Americans
Using survey data from the GSS 1972-91, the author assesses several possible causes of regional differences and temporal change in white racial attitudes. The study concludes that (1) support for racetargeted policies has not changed over birth cohorts, (2) changes in individual characteristics explain only a small portion of the decline in traditional prejudice over birth cohorts, (3) the influence of education on racial attitudes has been incre…
Segregation and Poverty Concentration
A key argument of Massey and Denton's (1993) American Apartheid is that racial residential segregation and non-white group poverty rates combine interactively to produce spatially concentrated poverty. Despite a compelling theoretical rationale, empirical tests of this proposition have been negative or mixed. This article develops a formal decomposition model that expands Massey's model of how segregation, group poverty rates, and other spatial c…
Why Is Black-White Residential Segregation So Persistent
Migration Patterns and the Growth of High-Poverty Neighborhoods, 1970--1990
The proportion of the population residing in high-poverty urban areas grew in the 1970s and 1980s (Wilson 1987; Jargowsky 1997). This paper examines why the number of high-poverty neighborhoods increased by using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics PSID) matched with data on tracts from the decennial census. The main findings are that (1) African Americans are moving into white neighborhoods at a high rate, but the white population is de…
Do Some Countries Discriminate More than Others? Evidence from 97 Field Experiments of Racial Discrimination in Hiring
Comparing levels of discrimination across countries can provide a window into large-scale social and political factors often described as the root of discrimination. Because of difficulties in measurement, however, little is established about variation in hiring discrimination across countries. We address this gap through a formal meta-analysis of 97 field experiments of discrimination incorporating more than 200,000 job applications in nine coun…
How Long are Exposures to Poor Neighborhoods? The Long-Term Dynamics of Entry and Exit from Poor Neighborhoods
Comparative Perspectives on Racial Discrimination in Hiring
This article reviews studies of hiring discrimination against racial and ethnic minority groups in cross-national perspective. We focus on field experimental studies of hiring discrimination: studies that use fictitious applications from members of different racial and ethnic groups to apply for actual jobs. There are more than 140 field experimental studies of hiring discrimination against ethno-racial minority groups in 30 countries. We outline…
Estimating Risk
This paper considers the process by which individuals estimate the risk of adverse events, with particular attention to the social context in which risk estimates are formed. We compare subjective probability estimates of crime victimization to actual victimization experiences among respondents from the 1994 to 2002 waves of the Survey of Economic Expectations ( Dominitz and Manski 2002 ). Using zip code identifiers, we then match these survey da…
Does Segregation Create Winners and Losers? Residential Segregation and Inequality in Educational Attainment
This article examines the effects of residential segregation on the basis of poverty status and race for high school and college completion. Segregation effects are estimated by contrasting educational outcomes among persons raised in metropolitan areas with varying levels of segregation. This metropolitan-level approach provides two advantages in evaluating segregation effects over neighborhood effects studies: it incorporates effects of residen…
Does intergenerational social mobility affect antagonistic attitudes towards ethnic minorities
Up till now, no study satisfactorily addressed the effect of social mobility on antagonistic attitudes toward ethnic minorities. In this contribution, we investigate the effect of educational and class intergenerational mobility on ethnic stereotypes, ethnic threat, and opposition to ethnic intermarriage by using diagonal mobility models. We test several hypotheses derived from ethnic competition theory and socialization theory with data from the…
Does Unconscious Racism Exist
This essay argues for the existence of a form of unconscious racism. Research on implicit prejudice provides good evidence that most persons have deeply held negative associations with minority groups that can lead to subtle discrimination without conscious awareness. The evidence for implicit attitudes is briefly reviewed. Criticisms of the implicit prejudice literature raised by Arkes and Tetlock (2004) are discussed, but found to be inconsiste…
The friendship networks of multiracial adolescents
A Comparison of Traditional and Discrete-Choice Approaches to the Analysis of Residential Mobility and Locational Attainment
This article contrasts traditional modeling approaches and discrete-choice models as methods to analyze locational attainment-how individual and household characteristics (such as race, socioeconomic status, age) influence the characteristics of neighborhoods of residence (such as racial composition and median income). Traditional models analyze attributes of a neighborhood as a function of the characteristics of the households within them; discr…
The decline of male employment in low-income black neighborhoods, 1950-1990
Socioeconomic Segregation in Large Cities in France and the United States
Past cross-national comparisons of socioeconomic segregation have been undercut by lack of comparability in measures, data, and concepts. Using IRIS data from the French Census of 2008 and the French Ministry of Finance as well as tract data from the American Community Survey (2006-2010) and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Picture of Subsidized Households, and constructing measures to be as similar as possible, we compare soc…
Segregation as a Source of Contextual Advantage
Lincoln Quillian, Segregation as a Source of Contextual Advantage: A Formal Theory with Application to American Cities, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 2, Spatial Foundations of Inequality (February 2017), pp. 152-169
How (Not) to Use Risk Ratios in Sociological Research
A small but growing literature uses the risk ratio as an association or effect measure. Unlike odds ratios, risk ratios are unaffected by rescaling or noncollapsibility bias and are straightforward to interpret. However, the risk ratio has one unattractive property that researchers need to be aware of: it is not symmetric with respect to the outcome definition. The ratio between two groups’ probability of success does not equal the inverse of the…
Blueprint for Disaster
Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat
L'A. etudie la representation des prejudices. Il evalue la perception de la menace que les groupes subordonnes ferraient peser sur les groupes dominants. Il estime que les conditions economiques et l'importance des groupes subordonnes par rapport aux groupes dominants expliquent ce type de perception. Il note a partir de donneees europeennes des disparites entre les 12 sur ce plan precis. Cette perception de la menace « ethnique » expliquerait le…
Group Threat and Regional Change in Attitudes Toward African-Americans
Using survey data from the GSS 1972-91, the author assesses several possible causes of regional differences and temporal change in white racial attitudes. The study concludes that (1) support for racetargeted policies has not changed over birth cohorts, (2) changes in individual characteristics explain only a small portion of the decline in traditional prejudice over birth cohorts, (3) the influence of education on racial attitudes has been incre…
Migration Patterns and the Growth of High-Poverty Neighborhoods, 1970--1990
The proportion of the population residing in high-poverty urban areas grew in the 1970s and 1980s (Wilson 1987; Jargowsky 1997). This paper examines why the number of high-poverty neighborhoods increased by using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics PSID) matched with data on tracts from the decennial census. The main findings are that (1) African Americans are moving into white neighborhoods at a high rate, but the white population is de…
Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial Stereotypes in Evaluations of Neighborhood Crime
This article investigates the relationship between neighborhood ra-cial composition and perceptions residents have of their neighbor-hood’s level of crime. The study uses questions about perceptions of neighborhood crime from surveys in Chicago, Seattle, and Bal-timore, matched with census data and police department crime sta-tistics. The percentage young black men in a neighborhood is pos-itively associated with perceptions of the neighborhood c…
Why Is Black-White Residential Segregation So Persistent
How Long are Exposures to Poor Neighborhoods? The Long-Term Dynamics of Entry and Exit from Poor Neighborhoods
Beyond Black and White
How will racial divisions in student friendship networks change as U.S. schools incorporate a growing Asian and Hispanic population? Drawing on theories of race in assimilation processes and the effects of relative group size on intergroup relations, several hypotheses are developed to address this question. These hypotheses are tested using data on friendships among students in grades 7 to 12 from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent He…
The decline of male employment in low-income black neighborhoods, 1950-1990
Walking the Talk? What Employers Say Versus What They Do
This article considers the relationship between employers' attitudes toward hiring exoffenders and their actual hiring behavior. Using data from an experimental audit study of entry-level jobs matched with a telephone survey of the same employers, the authors compare employers' willingness to hire black and white ex-offenders, as represented both by their self-reports and by their decisions in actual hiring situations. Employers who indicated a g…
Measuring Racial Discrimination
New Approaches to Understanding Racial Prejudice and Discrimination
This chapter reviews and critiques recent work on prejudice, discrimination, and racism, with an emphasis on evidence of continuing discrimination in the United States and efforts to understand its basis in prejudice. Three lines of research are the primary subject of the review: recent work on the measurement of discrimination, especially audit methods; theories of new prejudice and new racism following the Civil Rights movement; and research on…
Does Unconscious Racism Exist
This essay argues for the existence of a form of unconscious racism. Research on implicit prejudice provides good evidence that most persons have deeply held negative associations with minority groups that can lead to subtle discrimination without conscious awareness. The evidence for implicit attitudes is briefly reviewed. Criticisms of the implicit prejudice literature raised by Arkes and Tetlock (2004) are discussed, but found to be inconsiste…
When Ways of Life Collide
Does intergenerational social mobility affect antagonistic attitudes towards ethnic minorities
Up till now, no study satisfactorily addressed the effect of social mobility on antagonistic attitudes toward ethnic minorities. In this contribution, we investigate the effect of educational and class intergenerational mobility on ethnic stereotypes, ethnic threat, and opposition to ethnic intermarriage by using diagonal mobility models. We test several hypotheses derived from ethnic competition theory and socialization theory with data from the…
The friendship networks of multiracial adolescents
Estimating Risk
This paper considers the process by which individuals estimate the risk of adverse events, with particular attention to the social context in which risk estimates are formed. We compare subjective probability estimates of crime victimization to actual victimization experiences among respondents from the 1994 to 2002 waves of the Survey of Economic Expectations ( Dominitz and Manski 2002 ). Using zip code identifiers, we then match these survey da…
Blueprint for Disaster
Segregation and Poverty Concentration
A key argument of Massey and Denton's (1993) American Apartheid is that racial residential segregation and non-white group poverty rates combine interactively to produce spatially concentrated poverty. Despite a compelling theoretical rationale, empirical tests of this proposition have been negative or mixed. This article develops a formal decomposition model that expands Massey's model of how segregation, group poverty rates, and other spatial c…
Chicago as Seen by the Chicago School's Greatest Practitioner
Does Segregation Create Winners and Losers? Residential Segregation and Inequality in Educational Attainment
This article examines the effects of residential segregation on the basis of poverty status and race for high school and college completion. Segregation effects are estimated by contrasting educational outcomes among persons raised in metropolitan areas with varying levels of segregation. This metropolitan-level approach provides two advantages in evaluating segregation effects over neighborhood effects studies: it incorporates effects of residen…
A Comparison of Traditional and Discrete-Choice Approaches to the Analysis of Residential Mobility and Locational Attainment
This article contrasts traditional modeling approaches and discrete-choice models as methods to analyze locational attainment-how individual and household characteristics (such as race, socioeconomic status, age) influence the characteristics of neighborhoods of residence (such as racial composition and median income). Traditional models analyze attributes of a neighborhood as a function of the characteristics of the households within them; discr…
Socioeconomic Segregation in Large Cities in France and the United States
Past cross-national comparisons of socioeconomic segregation have been undercut by lack of comparability in measures, data, and concepts. Using IRIS data from the French Census of 2008 and the French Ministry of Finance as well as tract data from the American Community Survey (2006-2010) and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Picture of Subsidized Households, and constructing measures to be as similar as possible, we compare soc…
Meta-analysis of field experiments shows no change in racial discrimination in hiring over time
Significance Many scholars have argued that discrimination in American society has decreased over time, while others point to persisting race and ethnic gaps and subtle forms of prejudice. The question has remained unsettled due to the indirect methods often used to assess levels of discrimination. We assess trends in hiring discrimination against African Americans and Latinos over time by analyzing callback rates from all available field experim…
Segregation as a Source of Contextual Advantage
Lincoln Quillian, Segregation as a Source of Contextual Advantage: A Formal Theory with Application to American Cities, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 2, Spatial Foundations of Inequality (February 2017), pp. 152-169
Do Some Countries Discriminate More than Others? Evidence from 97 Field Experiments of Racial Discrimination in Hiring
Comparing levels of discrimination across countries can provide a window into large-scale social and political factors often described as the root of discrimination. Because of difficulties in measurement, however, little is established about variation in hiring discrimination across countries. We address this gap through a formal meta-analysis of 97 field experiments of discrimination incorporating more than 200,000 job applications in nine coun…
Sociology (23 works) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (15 works) · Economics (14 works) · Psychology (14 works) · Demographic economics (13 works) · Demography (12 works) · Geography (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Housing Market and Economics (9 works) · Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research (9 works)