Roshdi Rashed
Biographic Data
| ID | 411924 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Roshdi Rashed |
| GIVEN NAMES | Roshdi |
| FAMILY NAME | Rashed |
| SIGNATURE | RASHED R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| ORCID | 0009-0003-1801-0784 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 52 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 12 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Al-Siǧzī, Pourquoi ?: Géométries Au X E Siècle
La Version Arabe De La Mesure Du Cercle D’archimède Ii
Après la traduction en arabe au ix e siècle de la Mesure du cercle d’Archimède (voir notre étude : «La version arabe de la Mesure du cercle d’Archimède, I», Arabic sciences and philosophy , 34 [2024], p. 1-31) mathématiciens et philosophes ont entrepris au cours des siècles de donner une rédaction de ce traité. Ces rédactions s’ajoutent à la traduction, dont elles s’écartent à différents égards, pour représenter une partie des mathématiques archi…
La Version Arabe De La Mesure Du Cercle d'ARCHIMÈDE I
Depuis son édition par Heiberg au XIX e s., on savait que le texte grec de La mesure du cercle d'Archimède qui nous est parvenu est fautif, altéré par l'intervention d'un compilateur. Pour certaines de ses parties au moins, il est donc d'une authenticité douteuse. Plus récemment, l'examen de la traduction latine (au IX e siècle) de la traduction arabe de ce texte a permis de conclure que le manuscrit grec traduit appartient à une tradition textue…
Mathématiques et Philosophie
The texts in these four volumes deal with the history and philosophy of mathematics and its applications. The first three volumes are devoted to the history of mathematics (arithmetic, algebra, geometry), optics and astronomy, from Antiquity to the Classical Age. Over the last fifty years, the numerous studies contained in this volume have renewed the study of the main Greek mathematicians - Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius, Diophantus, Menelaus - …
Philosophie des Mathématiques
Ibn Al-Hayṯam, Sur Le Miroir Ardent Parabolique
Cet article comporte l’ editio princeps du traité d’Ibn al-Hayṯam « Sur le miroir ardent parabolique », Fī al-marāyā al-muḥriqa bi-al-quṭūʿ , ainsi que sa première traduction en français. Nous examinons la place qu’il occupe dans l’histoire du miroir parabolique durant plus d’un millénaire et demi, aussi bien en grec qu’en arabe et en latin
L’histoire Des Sciences Entre Épistémologie Et Histoire
L'A. definit l'histoire des sciences comme un domaine d'activites dans lequel les doctrines se juxtaposent ou s'opposent a partir d'options dogmatiques et exclusives, mais egalement comme l'histoire des mentalites et de concepts scientifiques
Arithmétique, Algèbre et Théorie des Nombres
The texts in these four volumes deal with the history and philosophy of mathematics and its applications. The first three volumes are devoted to the history of mathematics (arithmetic, algebra, geometry), optics and astronomy, from Antiquity to the Classical Age. Over the last fifty years, the numerous studies contained in this volume have renewed the study of the main Greek mathematicians - Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius, Diophantus, Menelaus - …
Pseudo-Euclide, Pseudo-Ptolémée Et Thiasos Sur Les Miroirs
Parmi les écrits consacrés à la réflexion des rayons « visuels» et solaires sur les différents miroirs, il en existe deux, qui ont précédé bien d'autres, et qui occupent une position centrale dans l'histoire de la catoptrique : l'un est attribué à Euclide, l'autre à Ptolémée. À ces deux noms, on en ajoute un troisième jusqu'ici inconnu, Thiasos. Dans cet article, nous reprenons l'histoire textuelle et conceptuelle de cette tradition de recherche …
Ibn Al-Haytham Et Le Mouvement d'Enroulement
In the Almagest , Ptolemy proposed the concept of winding motion, especially to explain planetary latitudes. Ibn al-Haytham (beginning 11th c.) wrote a treatise entitled Fī ḥarakat al-iltifāf , “Concerning the winding motion”. An anonymous scholar wrote a refutation of this treatise. Both texts have been lost; but the answer of Ibn al-Haytham has survived: Fī ḥall šukūk ḥarakat al-iltifāf , “The resolution of doubts concerning the winding motion”…
Ibn Al-Haytham, Ibn Sīnā, Al-Ṭūsī: Égalité Ou Congruence
As their greek predecessors, mathematicians and arab-speaking philosophers raised several important epistemological questions. One of those questions concerns the concept of equality and the concept of congruence of geometric magnitudes. What was the meaning of such concepts? How were they related to the idea of movement? Answers to these questions were often combining metric elements and other, philosophical (topological) elements, and I chose t…
Démonstration Par l'Absurde Ou Démonstration Directe: Al-Sijzī, Sur l'Incommensurabilité De La Diagonale Avec Le Côté
In this paper, I examine the opposition between direct proof and proof per impossibile , introduced by al-Sijzī (second half of the 10th century) in his treatise entitled The side is not commensurable with the diagonal . From this example he gives to illustrate this opposition, al-Sijzī argues the superiority of the direct proof. In this paper, I also give the editio princeps of his treatise, as well as its first translation
On Menelaus' Spherics III.5 in Arabic Mathematics, Ii: Naṣīr Al-Dīn Al-Ṭūsī and Ibn Abī Jarrāda
In his Sphaerica , Menelaus did not prove Proposition III.5 which is particularly important. He only gave an outline of a proof. Once the Sphaerica were translated into Arabic, mathematicians, starting from the end of the 9th century on, took up this proof. That was made possible to Ibn ʿIrāq thanks to the development of spherical geometry. A first paper contained the history of his contribution. Two other mathematicians, from the 13th century – …
On Menelaus' Spherics III.5 in Arabic Mathematics, I: Ibn ʿirāq
This is the first paper in a series in which we provide critical editions of four texts written between the eleventh and the thirteenth century concerning Proposition III.5 of Menelaus' Spherics . The first paper contains introductory material on the work of Ibn ʿIrāq on spherical geometry and a critical edition of his two texts on the rectification of Proposition III.5, together with translations and historical and mathematical commentaries. The…
Linguistique arabe , Abderrahman Hadj-Salah, Linguistique arabe et linguistique générale. Essai de méthodologie et d'épistémologie du ʿIlm al-ʿArabiyya , 2 vols., Publications de l'Académie algérienne…
La linguistique arabe est sans aucun doute la première science conçue et cultivée en arabe pour répondre à certains besoins scientifiques et idéologiques de la nouvelle société islamique. Les premiers travaux en ce domaine datent du VIII e siècle, et leurs auteurs, les premiers linguistes, sont précisément contemporains de l'arabisation des institutions, de l'administration, de la monnaie etc., sous le Khalife Omeyade ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān. Ce…
Abu Kamil: Algèbre et analyse diophantienne. Édition, traduction, commentaire historique et mathématique
Hélène Bellosta 1946–2011
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L'ANGLE De Contingence: Un Problème De Philosophie Des Mathématiques
From Euclid to the second half of the 17th century, mathematicians as well as philosophers continued to raise the question of the angle of contact and, generally, of the concept of angle. This article is the first essay devoted to this subject in Arabic mathematics. It deals with Greek writings translated into Arabic on the one hand, and contributions of Arabic mathematicians on the other hand: al-Nayrīzī, Ibn al-Haytham, al-Samawʾal, al-Shīrāzī,…
Arabic science and renewing the historiography of science
Research Article| January 01 2012 Arabic science and renewing the historiography of science* Roshdi Rashed Roshdi Rashed Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar *Translation from the Arabic book Dirāsāt fī Tārīkh al-ʿUlūm al-ʿArabīyah wa Falsafatihā (Studies in the History of Arabic Sciences and their Philosophy), Chapter 2: 'al-ʿIlm al-ʿArabī wa …
Otto Neugebauer, Historian
International audience
Sur Un Théorème De Géométrie Sphérique: Théodose, Ménélaüs, Ibn ʿirāq Et Ibn Hūd
In his encyclopedic book ( al-Istikmāl ), the mathematician of Saragossa, Ibn Hūd (d. 1085/478 H.), established by an intrinsic demonstration of spherical geometry, a remarkable theorem which generalizes the proposition III.11 from Theodosius’s Spherics and integrates the propositions III.23-25 from Menelaus’s Spherics . In this paper, we study this theorem and the demonstration of Ibn Hūd. The reader will find also some established and translate…
Les Constructions Géométriques Entre Géométrie Et Algèbre: L'ÉPÎTRE d'AB Al-Jd À Al-BRN
Abū al-Jūd Muḥammad ibn al-Layth is one of the mathematicians of the 10th century who contributed most to the novel chapter on the geometric construction of the problems of solids and super-solids, and also to another chapter on solving cubic and bi-quadratic equations with the aid of conics. His works, which were significant in terms of the results they contained, are moreover important with regard to the new relations they established between a…
Tome 1.1: Livre I. Commentaire historique et mathématique, édition et traduction du texte arabe. Tome 1.2: Livre I: Édition et traduction du texte grec
The treatise on conic sections by the Hellenistic mathematician Apollonius from Perga is regarded as a supreme achievement of Greek mathematics and maintained its authority right up to the 18th century. This new edition is the first to consider all Greek and Arabic sources, with the Arabic texts being presented in the first ever critical edition. Both versions of the text are accompanied by a French translation, an extensive mathematical commenta…
The Arab nation and indigenous acquisition of scientific knowledge (tawṭīn al-ilm)
In this article, the author deals with the factors he considers to be essential for the genuine acquisition of knowledge and, specifically, scientific knowledge – the Arabic term al- ilm being a referent to either or both. The phrase tawṭīn al- ilm used in the title and throughout could be translated literally as the ‘nationalization of science/knowledge’, however, the import is wider in scope and is intended to connote the process of making know…
The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn Al-Haytham
After having reformulated optics, Ibn al-Haytham conceived of an analogous project for astronomy. This has just been revealed by an important book by the mathematician which has never been studied until now. Ibn al-Haytham's reform consists in excluding all cosmology, and in developing a systematic study of a celestial kinematics that has been completely geometrized. In turn, the realization of such a reform demanded innovative research in infini…
L'Extraction de la Racine nième et l'Invention des Fractions Décimales (XIe–XIIe Siècles)
Les travaux perdus de Diophante (I)
Rashed Roshdi. Les travaux perdus de Diophante (I). In: Revue d'histoire des sciences, tome 27, n°2, 1974. pp. 97-122
A Pioneer in Anaclastics: Ibn Sahl on Burning Mirrors and Lenses
The Arab nation and indigenous acquisition of scientific knowledge (tawṭīn al-ilm)
In this article, the author deals with the factors he considers to be essential for the genuine acquisition of knowledge and, specifically, scientific knowledge – the Arabic term al- ilm being a referent to either or both. The phrase tawṭīn al- ilm used in the title and throughout could be translated literally as the ‘nationalization of science/knowledge’, however, the import is wider in scope and is intended to connote the process of making know…
Problems of the Transmission of Greek Scientific Thought into Arabic: Examples from Mathematics and Optics
Hermann Ley, Geschichte der Aufklärung und des Atheismus, Veb deutscher Verilag der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1970. 391 p
Algébre et Linguistique: L’analyse Combinatoire Dans La Science Arabe
Les travaux perdus de Diophante (I)
Rashed Roshdi. Les travaux perdus de Diophante (I). In: Revue d'histoire des sciences, tome 27, n°2, 1974. pp. 97-122
L'Extraction de la Racine nième et l'Invention des Fractions Décimales (XIe–XIIe Siècles)
La périodisation des mathématiques classiques
Summaries of articles
Périodisation en histoire des sciences et de la philosophie
Les decouvertes rdcentes, ainsi que les analyses effectuees depuis un siècle par d'eminents historiens, ont parfois conduit ä reconsiderer les periodisations jusque-lä admises en histoire des sciences, et hdritees des philosophes et des historiens du xix• siècle.C'est ainsi, pour ne citer que deux exemples, que notre We des pdriodes historiques qui scandent l'histoire des mathematiques de 1'Antiquite, nest plus la meme apres les travaux sur les m…
La périodisation des mathématiques classiques
LA PERIODISATION DES
Collection sciences et philosophie arabes
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Problems of the Transmission of Greek Scientific Thought into Arabic: Examples from Mathematics and Optics
Innovation and Tradition in Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī's Muʿādalāt
A Pioneer in Anaclastics: Ibn Sahl on Burning Mirrors and Lenses
Al-Samaw'al, al-bīrūnī et Brahmagupta: Les méthodes D'interpolation
In a manuscript which is being studied here for the first time, al-Samaw'al (12th century) quotes a paragraph from al-Bīrūnī (11th century) which shows that the latter knew not only of Brahmagupta's method of quadratic interpolation, but also of another Indian method (called sankalt ). Al-Samaw'al examines these methods, as well as linear interpolation, compares them, and evaluates their respective results. He also tries to improve them. In this …
Al-Kindī's Commentary on Archimedes' ‘The Measurement of the Circle’
The author examines the relationship between mathematics and philosophy in the works of al-Kindī, and suggests that the real character of his contribution will become clear only when we restore to mathematics their proper role in his philosophy. The recently discovered treatise of al-Kindī on the approximation of π, of which the author gives the editio princeps here, throws important new light on al-Kindī's knowledge of mathematics, and on the hi…
Entre réforme sociale et mouvement national: Identité et modernisation en Égypte (1882-1962)
Le commentaire par al-Kindī de l' Optique d'euclide: Un traité jusqu'ici inconnu
After he wrote his well-known De aspectus , al-Kindī wrote a substantial critical commentary on Euclid's Optics : the “Rectification of error and difficulties due to Euclid's book: the Optics .” This previously ignored work enriches our knowledge of the optics not only of the geometers of the mid-9th century, but also of late antiquity. This is the first known commentary on Euclid's treatise, and it raises again the questions of its textual tradi…
Sur une construction du miroir parabolique par Abū al-Wafā ́ al-Būzjānī
Abū al-Wafā’ al-Būzjānī proposed, in a fragment established and translated herein, two methods to build a parabolic mirror. The lack of demonstration, particularly for the first method, raises a difficult question of interpretation. To understand this method, O. Neugebauer used, in an unpublished article translated herein, concepts of descriptive geometry. He then eliminated the space construction used, to keep only simple geometrical considerati…
Al-qūhī Vs. Aristotle: On Motion
Al-Qūhī, mathematician of the 10th century, examines critically two arguments in the 6th book of the Aristotelian Physics . This critic does not follow the method of the philosophers, with doctrinal amendments, but with a mathematical and experimental style. For understanding of this critical examination and its influence, it is necessary to situate it in the mathesis of al-Qūhī and to produce its mechanical presuppositions. This is the purpose o…
Ibn Sahl Et Al-Qūhī: Les Projections Addenda & Corrigenda
This article continues and improves the research already accomplished in Géométrie et dioptrique au X e siècle (1993). It presents two fragments and an additional treatise which enlarge our understanding of the work of Ibn Sahl on the geometrical constructions and projections. All the necessary corrections are included
Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science
1) Astronomy - Theoretical and Applied 2) Mathematics and the Physical Sciences 3) Technology, Alchemy and Life Sciences
Al-Qūhī: From Meteorology to Astronomy
Among the phenomena examined in the Meteorologica , some, although they are sublunar, are too distant to be accessible to direct study. To remedy this situation, it was necessary to develop procedures and methods which could allow observation, and above all the geometrical control of observations. The eventual result of this research was to detach the phenomenon under consideration from meteorology, and to insert it within optics or astronomy. Ab…
Jules Vuillemin. A história da filosofia da razão científica
Ibrāhīm ibn Sinān: Logique et géométrie au Xe siècle
‘Abd al-Rahmān Badawī Philosophe et historien de la philosophie 1917-2002
Né le 4 février 1917 dans un village des environs de Damiette, ‘Abd al-Rahmān Badaī s'est éteint au Caire, où il avait étudié puis enseigné – à l'Universitél – avant de joindre l'Université d'Héliopoplis. ‘A. Badawī nous laisse une oeuvre monumentale, plus de cent-vingt livres en arabe et cinq autres en français. Mondialement connu, son impact sur l'histoire de la philosophie grecque, sur l'histoire de la philosophie islamique et sur la pensée ar…
Philosophy (39 works) · Historical Astronomy and Related Studies (23 works) · Humanities (20 works) · History and Theory of Mathematics (18 works) · Art (15 works) · History (13 works) · Mathematics (12 works) · Medieval and Classical Philosophy (11 works) · Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies (10 works) · Physics (10 works)