Federica Carugati
Biographic Data
| ID | 4124948 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Federica Carugati |
| GIVEN NAMES | Federica |
| FAMILY NAME | Carugati |
| SIGNATURE | CARUGATI F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stanford University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7819-3186 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 20 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 20 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Shock to the System
As the fate of democracy hangs in the balance, Michael K. Miller’s book offers a new framework for understanding how democratization occurs. The main takeaway is simple yet compelling: of the 139 democratic transitions that took place from 1800 to 2014, 127 (that is, a whopping 91 percent) follow one of two paths: shocks or electoral continuity. The numbers speak for themselves. But what are “shocks” and “electoral continuity”? How do they differ…
Governance Archaeology
This essay presents the idea of governance archaeology, an approach to learning from the past to inform the politics of the future. By reporting on a prototype historical database, we outline a strategy for co-producing a global commons of collective governance practices that can inspire institutional learning and experimentation, particularly in the face of rapid technological change and vexing global crises. Embedded in our approach is an orien…
Cyber Peace
The international community is too often focused on responding to the latest cyber-attack instead of addressing the reality of pervasive and persistent cyber conflict. From ransomware against the city government of Baltimore to state-sponsored campaigns targeting electrical grids in Ukraine and the U.S., we seem to have relatively little bandwidth left over to ask what we can hope for in terms of 'peace' on the Internet, and how to get there. It'…
How to Do Things with History
Tradeoffs of Inclusion
Inclusive institutions play an important role in development. But how do inclusive institutions emerge? Inclusion is always the product of a tradeoff. The existing literature focuses on the tradeoffs that yield an extension of the franchise, which requires costly power-sharing agreements. This article uses evidence from ancient Athens to show that meaningful forms of welfare-enhancing inclusion need not await the historically infrequent and high-…
Democratic Stability
What are the sources of democratic stability? The evidence from three modern waves suggests that stability rests on economic growth, strong states, and liberal institutions. But can we secure democratic stability beyond liberalism? This question is relevant to those developing countries that have little hope, and perhaps little interest in liberal democracy. But it is also increasingly relevant to those developed nations where the achievements of…
Creating a Constitution
The Paths Not Taken
This chapter deploys the available comparative and counterfactual evidence to show that, in the absence of the new constitution, Athens' development in the fourth century would have lagged. It discusses the comparative evidence from the Greek polis of Syracuse in Sicily and from Rome under the Republic. Rome and Syracuse experienced crises similar to that of Athens but responded in different ways. The chapter also counterfactually reconstructs At…
Stability and Innovation in Athenian Policy
This chapter argues that the constitution fostered political stability and economic growth by imposing a set of constraints on the decision-making process based on the consensus on Solonian legality, while at the same time enabling citizens to introduce innovative new measures. To overcome evidentiary concerns, this chapter presents a model that reconstructs the incentives regulating actors' behaviour under the new constitutional rules. The model…
The Institutional Foundations of Prosperity
This chapter shows that the available evidence for fiscal and economic policy is consistent with the model's predictions. It emphasizes that fiscal and economic policy reflects growth-enhancing, innovative departures from the status quo, but departures crafted with an eye to preserving the balance of power among domestic actors. Throughout the fourth century, the Athenians sought to regulate the burden of taxation on the elite. But regulating eli…
Athens before the Crisis
This chapter supplies the necessary context for the discussion of institutional change. First, it provides an account of the early development of Athens' laws and legal institutions. Second, it reconstructs Athens' political and economic structure in the period that preceded the constitutional crisis. Third, it offers an analysis of the reasons behind the collapse of democracy: namely, a combination of external pressures and a crisis of legitimac…
Is development uniquely modern? Ancient Athens on the doorstep
Creating a Constitution
A comprehensive account of how the Athenian constitution was created—with lessons for contemporary constitution-buildingWe live in an era of constitution-making. More than half of the world's constitutions have been drafted in the past half-century. Yet, one question still eludes theorists and practitioners alike: how do stable, growth-enhancing constitutional structures emerge and endure? In Creating a Constitution, Federica Carugati argues that…
Rethinking Mass and Elite
This chapter puts pressure on the ‘mass and elite model’ of Athenian litigation introduced by Ober. According to this framework, litigation is a game played by elite litigants and mass audiences; the ‘masses’ constitute a monolithic body with identical preferences; the ‘elites’ are thoroughly aware of, and willingly play by, the rules set by the masses. Moving from a different interpretation of Athenian political sociology, this chapter builds a …
Rethinking Mass and Elite
A Discussion of Josiah Ober’s The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece
Ancient Greece has long exercised a powerful hold on the imagination of modern political science. But until fairly recently, this influence has largely been philosophical, related to the origins of many theoretical concepts—including the concept of politics itself—in the ancient world. In The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece , Josiah Ober offers a synoptic and ambitious social theoretical account of the ancient Greek world, the sources of its po…
Building legal order in ancient Athens
Objective: to identify the specific features of the essence, content and functioning of legal order in ancient Athens.Methods: the methodological basis of the research is the general dialectic method of cognition, which allows to explore the phenomena and processes in their historical development, interconnection and interdependence, as well as the general scientific, special and specific scientific methods of cognition, based on the former one.R…
Rethinking Mass and Elite
Development and Political Theory in Classical Athens
The birth of political thought has long been associated with the development of either the polis as a new form of political organization in Greece, or of democracy as a new form of government in Athens. This article suggests that this view ought to be expanded. Between the late 6th and 4th centuries bc, the Greek polis of Athens established large, participatory democratic institutions. But the transformation that the polis underwent did not merel…
Building Legal Order in Ancient Athens
Is development uniquely modern? Ancient Athens on the doorstep
Development and Political Theory in Classical Athens
The birth of political thought has long been associated with the development of either the polis as a new form of political organization in Greece, or of democracy as a new form of government in Athens. This article suggests that this view ought to be expanded. Between the late 6th and 4th centuries bc, the Greek polis of Athens established large, participatory democratic institutions. But the transformation that the polis underwent did not merel…
Democratic Stability
What are the sources of democratic stability? The evidence from three modern waves suggests that stability rests on economic growth, strong states, and liberal institutions. But can we secure democratic stability beyond liberalism? This question is relevant to those developing countries that have little hope, and perhaps little interest in liberal democracy. But it is also increasingly relevant to those developed nations where the achievements of…
Creating a Constitution
A comprehensive account of how the Athenian constitution was created—with lessons for contemporary constitution-buildingWe live in an era of constitution-making. More than half of the world's constitutions have been drafted in the past half-century. Yet, one question still eludes theorists and practitioners alike: how do stable, growth-enhancing constitutional structures emerge and endure? In Creating a Constitution, Federica Carugati argues that…
Tradeoffs of Inclusion
Inclusive institutions play an important role in development. But how do inclusive institutions emerge? Inclusion is always the product of a tradeoff. The existing literature focuses on the tradeoffs that yield an extension of the franchise, which requires costly power-sharing agreements. This article uses evidence from ancient Athens to show that meaningful forms of welfare-enhancing inclusion need not await the historically infrequent and high-…
Building legal order in ancient Athens
Objective: to identify the specific features of the essence, content and functioning of legal order in ancient Athens.Methods: the methodological basis of the research is the general dialectic method of cognition, which allows to explore the phenomena and processes in their historical development, interconnection and interdependence, as well as the general scientific, special and specific scientific methods of cognition, based on the former one.R…
Building Legal Order in Ancient Athens
Building Legal Order in Ancient Athens
A Discussion of Josiah Ober’s The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece
Ancient Greece has long exercised a powerful hold on the imagination of modern political science. But until fairly recently, this influence has largely been philosophical, related to the origins of many theoretical concepts—including the concept of politics itself—in the ancient world. In The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece , Josiah Ober offers a synoptic and ambitious social theoretical account of the ancient Greek world, the sources of its po…
Building legal order in ancient Athens
Objective: to identify the specific features of the essence, content and functioning of legal order in ancient Athens.Methods: the methodological basis of the research is the general dialectic method of cognition, which allows to explore the phenomena and processes in their historical development, interconnection and interdependence, as well as the general scientific, special and specific scientific methods of cognition, based on the former one.R…
Rethinking Mass and Elite
Development and Political Theory in Classical Athens
The birth of political thought has long been associated with the development of either the polis as a new form of political organization in Greece, or of democracy as a new form of government in Athens. This article suggests that this view ought to be expanded. Between the late 6th and 4th centuries bc, the Greek polis of Athens established large, participatory democratic institutions. But the transformation that the polis underwent did not merel…
Rethinking Mass and Elite
This chapter puts pressure on the ‘mass and elite model’ of Athenian litigation introduced by Ober. According to this framework, litigation is a game played by elite litigants and mass audiences; the ‘masses’ constitute a monolithic body with identical preferences; the ‘elites’ are thoroughly aware of, and willingly play by, the rules set by the masses. Moving from a different interpretation of Athenian political sociology, this chapter builds a …
Rethinking Mass and Elite
Creating a Constitution
The Paths Not Taken
This chapter deploys the available comparative and counterfactual evidence to show that, in the absence of the new constitution, Athens' development in the fourth century would have lagged. It discusses the comparative evidence from the Greek polis of Syracuse in Sicily and from Rome under the Republic. Rome and Syracuse experienced crises similar to that of Athens but responded in different ways. The chapter also counterfactually reconstructs At…
Stability and Innovation in Athenian Policy
This chapter argues that the constitution fostered political stability and economic growth by imposing a set of constraints on the decision-making process based on the consensus on Solonian legality, while at the same time enabling citizens to introduce innovative new measures. To overcome evidentiary concerns, this chapter presents a model that reconstructs the incentives regulating actors' behaviour under the new constitutional rules. The model…
The Institutional Foundations of Prosperity
This chapter shows that the available evidence for fiscal and economic policy is consistent with the model's predictions. It emphasizes that fiscal and economic policy reflects growth-enhancing, innovative departures from the status quo, but departures crafted with an eye to preserving the balance of power among domestic actors. Throughout the fourth century, the Athenians sought to regulate the burden of taxation on the elite. But regulating eli…
Athens before the Crisis
This chapter supplies the necessary context for the discussion of institutional change. First, it provides an account of the early development of Athens' laws and legal institutions. Second, it reconstructs Athens' political and economic structure in the period that preceded the constitutional crisis. Third, it offers an analysis of the reasons behind the collapse of democracy: namely, a combination of external pressures and a crisis of legitimac…
Is development uniquely modern? Ancient Athens on the doorstep
Creating a Constitution
A comprehensive account of how the Athenian constitution was created—with lessons for contemporary constitution-buildingWe live in an era of constitution-making. More than half of the world's constitutions have been drafted in the past half-century. Yet, one question still eludes theorists and practitioners alike: how do stable, growth-enhancing constitutional structures emerge and endure? In Creating a Constitution, Federica Carugati argues that…
How to Do Things with History
Tradeoffs of Inclusion
Inclusive institutions play an important role in development. But how do inclusive institutions emerge? Inclusion is always the product of a tradeoff. The existing literature focuses on the tradeoffs that yield an extension of the franchise, which requires costly power-sharing agreements. This article uses evidence from ancient Athens to show that meaningful forms of welfare-enhancing inclusion need not await the historically infrequent and high-…
Democratic Stability
What are the sources of democratic stability? The evidence from three modern waves suggests that stability rests on economic growth, strong states, and liberal institutions. But can we secure democratic stability beyond liberalism? This question is relevant to those developing countries that have little hope, and perhaps little interest in liberal democracy. But it is also increasingly relevant to those developed nations where the achievements of…
Cyber Peace
The international community is too often focused on responding to the latest cyber-attack instead of addressing the reality of pervasive and persistent cyber conflict. From ransomware against the city government of Baltimore to state-sponsored campaigns targeting electrical grids in Ukraine and the U.S., we seem to have relatively little bandwidth left over to ask what we can hope for in terms of 'peace' on the Internet, and how to get there. It'…
Shock to the System
As the fate of democracy hangs in the balance, Michael K. Miller’s book offers a new framework for understanding how democratization occurs. The main takeaway is simple yet compelling: of the 139 democratic transitions that took place from 1800 to 2014, 127 (that is, a whopping 91 percent) follow one of two paths: shocks or electoral continuity. The numbers speak for themselves. But what are “shocks” and “electoral continuity”? How do they differ…
Governance Archaeology
This essay presents the idea of governance archaeology, an approach to learning from the past to inform the politics of the future. By reporting on a prototype historical database, we outline a strategy for co-producing a global commons of collective governance practices that can inspire institutional learning and experimentation, particularly in the face of rapid technological change and vexing global crises. Embedded in our approach is an orien…
Political science (16 works) · Law (15 works) · Politics (15 works) · Classical Antiquity Studies (13 works) · Law (9 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Political economy (7 works) · Democracy (6 works) · Economics (6 works) · Elite (6 works)