Carrie Pettus
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4126882 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Carrie Pettus |
| PRENOMES | Carrie |
| SOBRENOME | Pettus |
| ASSINATURA | PETTUS C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Washington University in St. Louis |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3378-3008 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 32 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 116 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2004 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Intervention development of the resiliency in stressful events (Rise) curriculum
This article addresses the demand for trauma-based interventions tailored to the distinctive challenges confronting young men during the reentry phase, approximately 4-6 months prior to release and a year postrelease. We introduce the Resiliency in Stressful Experiences (RISE) program as a response to this need, drawing on two foundational conceptual frameworks: the trauma-based reentry framework and the well-being development model. These framew…
Stories of Success
Prosecutor-led diversion programs are a promising alternative to incarceration. This study explores how diversion officials perceive and facilitate successful diversion programming for clients to provide information to the field that may enhance the impact of diversion programming. Eleven diversion officials were recruited via snowball sampling across 10 jurisdictions. We explored their experiences in designing and implementing diversion programs…
A taxonomy of social support interventions for People experiencing a syndemic of substance use disorder, criminal legal involvement, and downstream Health sequelae
This article proposes a new taxonomy and framework for social support interventions for PWUD and PCLI—organized by endogenous, exogenous, and hybrid support agents—and outlines future priorities for implementation, effectiveness, and supporting supporters
“I Feel like I Have ‘Prison’ Tattooed on my Forehead”
Although reentry has been well explored, less is known about women’s reentry trajectories and whether reentry experiences change over time. The current study explored women’s experiences from prison release to 15-months post-release using interviews with 29 women across four states. Themes from early reentry (2 weeks–4 months) underscored women’s struggle for survival. Women were dependent on informal support, struggling to readjust to mothering,…
Association of Reentry Well-Being with Psychological Distress, Employment, and Housing Instability 15-Months After Incarceration
Announcing a JSSWR Specialty Series on the Past and Future of the Grand Challenges for Social Work
Validation of a Multi-Dimensional Social Support Measure for Individuals Who Are Incarcerated
Purpose: This study sought to validate the psychometric properties of the Network Composition Survey (NCS), a multi-dimensional conceptualization of social support for individuals who are incarcerated. Methods: Data included 1,539 individuals recruited in 50 prisons across four states to participate in the pilot trial of a prison reentry program. Exploratory factor analysis using the first support person data identified a factor structure, and co…
“…He’s Going to Be Facing the Same Things That He Faced Prior to Being Locked Up”
The Relationship between Lifetime Opioid Use and Mental and Physical Health among Incarcerated Individuals
Relationships between opioid use and health, both physical and mental, have been discovered over the last decade or so, but these relationships have yet to be explored among incarcerated individuals. These relationships are important as they may have implications on the health of those who are incarcerated and nearing reentry, because higher rates of opioid use, as well as poor physical and mental health, are found among those who are justice-inv…
Behavioral health literacy
In the United States, nearly 13 million adults are incarcerated in prisons and jails annually with significant negative public health consequences. Incarcerated individuals have disproportionate rates of behavioral health disorders (BHDs); untreated BHD symptoms bring people into incarceration settings and are associated with re‐arrest after release. Although lack of treatment motivation is often used to explain these outcomes, individuals may ha…
Validation for Multidimensional Measure of Reentry Well-Being Among Individuals Who Are Incarcerated
Purpose: Thousands release from imprisonment every day but no specialized measures of progress during reentry exist beyond criminal risk. This study investigates a new measure of well-being during the transition to the community called the Reentry Well-Being Assessment Tool (RWAT). The RWAT is designed as an alternative to measures of risk while responding to the challenges of individualizing program services and evaluating effectiveness. Method:…
People make mistakes” stakeholders and participants’ perceptions of the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of diversion and deferred prosecution programs
Correlates of post-traumatic stress among victimized women on probation and parole
The current study aimed to identify the correlates of post-traumatic stress among a sample of women on probation and parole with a history of victimization. Community-based sampling was used to recruit 406 women on probation and parole in Jefferson County, Kentucky. The post-traumatic stress diagnostic scale was used to measure three indicators of post-traumatic stress: post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis, symptom severity, and the number of…
Trauma and Prospects for Reentry
Trauma is an almost universal experience for those with incarceration histories. Lifetime traumatic experiences begin in childhood, continue in adulthood, and persist during and after incarceration. For centuries, the capacity for trauma to have a deleterious impact on social, mental, and biological functioning has been a topic of inquiry, and for years empirical work has connected trauma to crime and justice system involvement. Trauma-responsive…
Support4Families
Leaving incarceration and returning home (i.e., reentry) affects individuals and their families; 90% of individuals releasing from prison rely on family for critical reentry supports. Although positive family support during this period is empirically linked to an individual’s success, providing support can place a substantial emotional, social, and fiscal toll on family units. Without intervention, positive family support may deteriorate or becom…
The Well-Being Development Model
This article proposes a new conceptual framework, the Well-Being Development Model (WBDM), to support the development, implementation, and assessment of innovative reentry interventions designed to increase well-being among the millions of individuals released from prisons and jails each year. In contrast to prominent models guiding reentry services, the WBDM increases incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals' capacity to reach their fu…
Promote Smart Decarceration
The United States has the world’s largest proportion of people behind bars. Mass incarceration and failed rehabilitation have resulted in staggering economic and human costs. Our challenge is to develop a proactive, comprehensive, evidence-based “smart decarceration” strategy that will dramatically reduce the number of people who are imprisoned and enable the nation to embrace a more effective and just approach to public safety
Proposing a population-specific intervention approach to treat trauma among men during and after incarceration
A significant treatment gap exists for incarcerated men with lifetime traumatic experiences. A small research base for trauma interventions for incarcerated women is emerging, but incarcerated men have largely been ignored. Men comprise 90% of the incarcerated population and are at the greatest risk to be rearrested for a new crime after release. One of the most overlooked, but highly influential, factors in poor postrelease outcomes of formerly …
The interaction of serious mental disorder and race on time to reincarceration
Individuals with a serious mental disorder (SMD) are disproportionately incarcerated in state prisons, and research has shown that individuals with SMD are more likely to recidivate upon release. Persons of color are also disproportionately incarcerated and at risk for repeat incarcerations. However, minimal research has yet to examine whether the relationship between SMD and recidivism is conditioned on race. This study used proportional hazards…
Gender differences in experiences of social support among men and women releasing from prison
Objectives: Positive social support is critically important to postprison well-being outcomes. However, researchers and program developers are still trying to understand how to best promote stable and sustainable social support for formerly incarcerated individuals during reentry to the community. We sought to add to the body of knowledge on social support and prisoner reentry by comparing men and women releasing from prison on the quality (e.g.,…
Promoting Reentry Well-Being
During the 21st century, the United States has experienced a rapid buildup of prisoner reentry programs to assist the 640,000 individuals released from prison each year (Carson & Anderson, 2016). A majority of these former prisoners have co-occurring needs on their return to the community (that is, employment, substance abuse treatment, social support, and so on) (Jonson & Cullen, 2015). Therefore, a constant challenge for prisoner reentry progra…
Examining Dose–Response Relationships Between Childhood Victimization, Depression, Symptoms of Psychosis, and Substance Misuse for Incarcerated Women
The current study uses the dose–response model to examine the relationships between childhood victimization events and subsequent depression, symptoms of psychosis, and substance misuse in a sample of 230 randomly selected incarcerated women in the United States. Results on the frequency of victimization were mixed. In this sample, both frequency of physical abuse and frequency of sexual abuse significantly predicted current symptoms of psychosis…
Acceptability of a Social Support Intervention for Re-entering Prisoners
A relatively unexplored area of prisoner reentry programs involves actively engaging the prisoner’s naturally occurring social support in the reentry interventions. Most reentering prisoners rely on loved ones for social support, but that support is often fragile. Interventions that strengthen the sustainability of social support are crucial to a successful reentry. This study evaluates the acceptability of a social support intervention for male …
Using Randomized Controlled Trials to Evaluate Interventions for Releasing Prisoners
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are rarely used to evaluate social and behavioral interventions designed for releasing prisoners. Objective: We use a pilot RCT of a social support intervention (Support Matters) as a case example to discuss obstacles and strategies for conducting RCT intervention evaluations that span prison and community contexts. Method: First, we summarize existing studies with current and former prisoner samples that highl…
Histories of childhood victimization and subsequent mental health problems, substance use, and sexual victimization for a sample of incarcerated women in the US
Making the National Local
The national government can force or entice state governments to act on policy through a variety of actions, including providing monetary incentives and sanctions. We examine how and under what conditions actions of the national government influence the diffusion of policy across the states. We test our hypotheses on the cases of the diffusion of partial birth abortion laws, truth-in-sentencing laws, and hate crime laws using event history analys…
Gender differences in experiences of social support among men and women releasing from prison
Objectives: Positive social support is critically important to postprison well-being outcomes. However, researchers and program developers are still trying to understand how to best promote stable and sustainable social support for formerly incarcerated individuals during reentry to the community. We sought to add to the body of knowledge on social support and prisoner reentry by comparing men and women releasing from prison on the quality (e.g.,…
Naturally Occurring Social Support in Interventions for Former Prisoners with Substance Use Disorders
The Well-Being Development Model
This article proposes a new conceptual framework, the Well-Being Development Model (WBDM), to support the development, implementation, and assessment of innovative reentry interventions designed to increase well-being among the millions of individuals released from prisons and jails each year. In contrast to prominent models guiding reentry services, the WBDM increases incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals' capacity to reach their fu…
Proposing a population-specific intervention approach to treat trauma among men during and after incarceration
A significant treatment gap exists for incarcerated men with lifetime traumatic experiences. A small research base for trauma interventions for incarcerated women is emerging, but incarcerated men have largely been ignored. Men comprise 90% of the incarcerated population and are at the greatest risk to be rearrested for a new crime after release. One of the most overlooked, but highly influential, factors in poor postrelease outcomes of formerly …
Trauma and Prospects for Reentry
Trauma is an almost universal experience for those with incarceration histories. Lifetime traumatic experiences begin in childhood, continue in adulthood, and persist during and after incarceration. For centuries, the capacity for trauma to have a deleterious impact on social, mental, and biological functioning has been a topic of inquiry, and for years empirical work has connected trauma to crime and justice system involvement. Trauma-responsive…
Acceptability of a Social Support Intervention for Re-entering Prisoners
A relatively unexplored area of prisoner reentry programs involves actively engaging the prisoner’s naturally occurring social support in the reentry interventions. Most reentering prisoners rely on loved ones for social support, but that support is often fragile. Interventions that strengthen the sustainability of social support are crucial to a successful reentry. This study evaluates the acceptability of a social support intervention for male …
Reverse Social Work's Neglect of Adults Involved in the Criminal Justice System
Social work has neglected adults involved in the criminal justice system for nearly four decades. This neglect has been attributed to value conflicts between social work and criminal justice professionals, perceived limited effects of interventions with adults involved in the criminal justice system, and lack of social work training in services to those involved in the criminal justice system (Scheyett, Pettus-Davis, McCarter, & Bringham, 2012). …
Social Work and Criminal Justice
Social workers are needed but infrequently involved with criminal justice systems. One way to increase the number of social workers in the criminal justice system is by exposing students to work in these settings. This study examined the number, types, and utilization of criminal justice field placements in MSW programs by surveying field education directors. On average, 7.73% of field placements were in criminal justice settings. When asked abou…
People make mistakes” stakeholders and participants’ perceptions of the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of diversion and deferred prosecution programs
Promoting Reentry Well-Being
During the 21st century, the United States has experienced a rapid buildup of prisoner reentry programs to assist the 640,000 individuals released from prison each year (Carson & Anderson, 2016). A majority of these former prisoners have co-occurring needs on their return to the community (that is, employment, substance abuse treatment, social support, and so on) (Jonson & Cullen, 2015). Therefore, a constant challenge for prisoner reentry progra…
Using Randomized Controlled Trials to Evaluate Interventions for Releasing Prisoners
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are rarely used to evaluate social and behavioral interventions designed for releasing prisoners. Objective: We use a pilot RCT of a social support intervention (Support Matters) as a case example to discuss obstacles and strategies for conducting RCT intervention evaluations that span prison and community contexts. Method: First, we summarize existing studies with current and former prisoner samples that highl…
Judicial Efficiencies in Child Custody Disputes
Family disputes are the bane of over-burdened court systems and child access issues consume a disproportionate share of court resources. Consequently, family mediation has become a viable method of resolving these disputes and mental health professionals are increasingly called upon to mediate child access and support disagreements. The growing utilization of mediation to resolve child access issues magnifies the need to examine the consistency a…
Making the National Local
The national government can force or entice state governments to act on policy through a variety of actions, including providing monetary incentives and sanctions. We examine how and under what conditions actions of the national government influence the diffusion of policy across the states. We test our hypotheses on the cases of the diffusion of partial birth abortion laws, truth-in-sentencing laws, and hate crime laws using event history analys…
Assertive Community Treatment as Community Change Intervention
Individuals with severe mental illnesses (SMI) are a vulnerable population, struggling to cope with fragmented and often unwelcoming community service systems. Research has examined Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) as an intervention for SMI individuals, but little research has explored ACT's potential as a community system change intervention. Using focus groups with ACT teams, we explored changes in community service systems as a result of A…
Naturally Occurring Social Support in Interventions for Former Prisoners with Substance Use Disorders
Conducting Research in Juvenile and Criminal Justice Settings
The growth of the criminal justice system poses a number of significant problems that require ongoing research efforts by scholars across multiple disciplines. Despite the impact that the criminal justice system has on client populations served by social workers and related professions, there are few practical sources available to guide research in these settings. Conducting Research in Juvenile and Criminal Justice Settings: Strategies and Issue…
Reverse Social Work's Neglect of Adults Involved in the Criminal Justice System
Social work has neglected adults involved in the criminal justice system for nearly four decades. This neglect has been attributed to value conflicts between social work and criminal justice professionals, perceived limited effects of interventions with adults involved in the criminal justice system, and lack of social work training in services to those involved in the criminal justice system (Scheyett, Pettus-Davis, McCarter, & Bringham, 2012). …
Social Work and Criminal Justice
Social workers are needed but infrequently involved with criminal justice systems. One way to increase the number of social workers in the criminal justice system is by exposing students to work in these settings. This study examined the number, types, and utilization of criminal justice field placements in MSW programs by surveying field education directors. On average, 7.73% of field placements were in criminal justice settings. When asked abou…
Histories of childhood victimization and subsequent mental health problems, substance use, and sexual victimization for a sample of incarcerated women in the US
Acceptability of a Social Support Intervention for Re-entering Prisoners
A relatively unexplored area of prisoner reentry programs involves actively engaging the prisoner’s naturally occurring social support in the reentry interventions. Most reentering prisoners rely on loved ones for social support, but that support is often fragile. Interventions that strengthen the sustainability of social support are crucial to a successful reentry. This study evaluates the acceptability of a social support intervention for male …
Using Randomized Controlled Trials to Evaluate Interventions for Releasing Prisoners
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are rarely used to evaluate social and behavioral interventions designed for releasing prisoners. Objective: We use a pilot RCT of a social support intervention (Support Matters) as a case example to discuss obstacles and strategies for conducting RCT intervention evaluations that span prison and community contexts. Method: First, we summarize existing studies with current and former prisoner samples that highl…
Examining Dose–Response Relationships Between Childhood Victimization, Depression, Symptoms of Psychosis, and Substance Misuse for Incarcerated Women
The current study uses the dose–response model to examine the relationships between childhood victimization events and subsequent depression, symptoms of psychosis, and substance misuse in a sample of 230 randomly selected incarcerated women in the United States. Results on the frequency of victimization were mixed. In this sample, both frequency of physical abuse and frequency of sexual abuse significantly predicted current symptoms of psychosis…
Promoting Reentry Well-Being
During the 21st century, the United States has experienced a rapid buildup of prisoner reentry programs to assist the 640,000 individuals released from prison each year (Carson & Anderson, 2016). A majority of these former prisoners have co-occurring needs on their return to the community (that is, employment, substance abuse treatment, social support, and so on) (Jonson & Cullen, 2015). Therefore, a constant challenge for prisoner reentry progra…
Promote Smart Decarceration
The United States has the world’s largest proportion of people behind bars. Mass incarceration and failed rehabilitation have resulted in staggering economic and human costs. Our challenge is to develop a proactive, comprehensive, evidence-based “smart decarceration” strategy that will dramatically reduce the number of people who are imprisoned and enable the nation to embrace a more effective and just approach to public safety
Proposing a population-specific intervention approach to treat trauma among men during and after incarceration
A significant treatment gap exists for incarcerated men with lifetime traumatic experiences. A small research base for trauma interventions for incarcerated women is emerging, but incarcerated men have largely been ignored. Men comprise 90% of the incarcerated population and are at the greatest risk to be rearrested for a new crime after release. One of the most overlooked, but highly influential, factors in poor postrelease outcomes of formerly …
The interaction of serious mental disorder and race on time to reincarceration
Individuals with a serious mental disorder (SMD) are disproportionately incarcerated in state prisons, and research has shown that individuals with SMD are more likely to recidivate upon release. Persons of color are also disproportionately incarcerated and at risk for repeat incarcerations. However, minimal research has yet to examine whether the relationship between SMD and recidivism is conditioned on race. This study used proportional hazards…
Gender differences in experiences of social support among men and women releasing from prison
Objectives: Positive social support is critically important to postprison well-being outcomes. However, researchers and program developers are still trying to understand how to best promote stable and sustainable social support for formerly incarcerated individuals during reentry to the community. We sought to add to the body of knowledge on social support and prisoner reentry by comparing men and women releasing from prison on the quality (e.g.,…
Support4Families
Leaving incarceration and returning home (i.e., reentry) affects individuals and their families; 90% of individuals releasing from prison rely on family for critical reentry supports. Although positive family support during this period is empirically linked to an individual’s success, providing support can place a substantial emotional, social, and fiscal toll on family units. Without intervention, positive family support may deteriorate or becom…
The Well-Being Development Model
This article proposes a new conceptual framework, the Well-Being Development Model (WBDM), to support the development, implementation, and assessment of innovative reentry interventions designed to increase well-being among the millions of individuals released from prisons and jails each year. In contrast to prominent models guiding reentry services, the WBDM increases incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals' capacity to reach their fu…
Correlates of post-traumatic stress among victimized women on probation and parole
The current study aimed to identify the correlates of post-traumatic stress among a sample of women on probation and parole with a history of victimization. Community-based sampling was used to recruit 406 women on probation and parole in Jefferson County, Kentucky. The post-traumatic stress diagnostic scale was used to measure three indicators of post-traumatic stress: post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis, symptom severity, and the number of…
Trauma and Prospects for Reentry
Trauma is an almost universal experience for those with incarceration histories. Lifetime traumatic experiences begin in childhood, continue in adulthood, and persist during and after incarceration. For centuries, the capacity for trauma to have a deleterious impact on social, mental, and biological functioning has been a topic of inquiry, and for years empirical work has connected trauma to crime and justice system involvement. Trauma-responsive…
“…He’s Going to Be Facing the Same Things That He Faced Prior to Being Locked Up”
The Relationship between Lifetime Opioid Use and Mental and Physical Health among Incarcerated Individuals
Relationships between opioid use and health, both physical and mental, have been discovered over the last decade or so, but these relationships have yet to be explored among incarcerated individuals. These relationships are important as they may have implications on the health of those who are incarcerated and nearing reentry, because higher rates of opioid use, as well as poor physical and mental health, are found among those who are justice-inv…
Behavioral health literacy
In the United States, nearly 13 million adults are incarcerated in prisons and jails annually with significant negative public health consequences. Incarcerated individuals have disproportionate rates of behavioral health disorders (BHDs); untreated BHD symptoms bring people into incarceration settings and are associated with re‐arrest after release. Although lack of treatment motivation is often used to explain these outcomes, individuals may ha…
Validation for Multidimensional Measure of Reentry Well-Being Among Individuals Who Are Incarcerated
Purpose: Thousands release from imprisonment every day but no specialized measures of progress during reentry exist beyond criminal risk. This study investigates a new measure of well-being during the transition to the community called the Reentry Well-Being Assessment Tool (RWAT). The RWAT is designed as an alternative to measures of risk while responding to the challenges of individualizing program services and evaluating effectiveness. Method:…
People make mistakes” stakeholders and participants’ perceptions of the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of diversion and deferred prosecution programs
Psychology (25 obras) · Psychiatry (21 obras) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (19 obras) · Criminology (17 obras) · Medicine (15 obras) · Political science (13 obras) · Homelessness and Social Issues (12 obras) · Clinical Psychology (11 obras) · Psychological intervention (10 obras) · Prison (9 obras)