C Roever
Biographic Data
| ID | 413055 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C Roever |
| GIVEN NAMES | C |
| FAMILY NAME | Roever |
| SIGNATURE | ROEVER C |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Melbourne |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1055-6331 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 56 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 21 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Assessing Digital Interactional Competence for Second‐Language and First‐Language Chinese Speakers
Measurement of interactional competence (IC) has attracted increasing interest in language assessment research. One key question is whether proficiency sufficiently accounts for IC, making separate IC assessment unnecessary. This study examines the IC–proficiency relationship using a test that assesses Chinese speakers’ ability to manage multiplex social roles in digital communication. A total of 103 second‐language (L2) and first‐language (L1) C…
The Relationship Between L2 Interactional Competence and Proficiency
The relationship between L2 linguistic skills and the ability to use language for social purposes is still under-explored. While previous research suggests that higher proficiency coincides with better pragmatic and interactional performance, incongruities are also apparent with some low-proficiency learners being able to communicate effectively, and some high-proficiency learners showing pronounced weaknesses in interactional performance. In thi…
Second Language Pragmatics
L2 pragmatics investigates second language users' ability to engage in extended interaction with others and use language appropriately to the interlocutor, discourse context, and physical context. It was traditionally informed by speech act theory and politeness theory, but the theoretical framework has in recent years shifted toward conversation analysis. Mirroring research in second language acquisition, the main interest of second language pra…
Assessment of Pragmatics
Testing of second language pragmatics is a relatively new area of language testing but has seen significant growth and development in the past 25 years. Two main streams can be distinguished. The earlier one relies on an atomistic construct of pragmatics and primarily assesses learners' ability to produce and understand speech acts, with later work also integrating other aspects, such as routine formulas and implicature. Learners' ability to use …
What scores from monologic speaking tests can(not) tell us about interactional competence
The overarching aim of the study is to explore the extent to which test takers’ performances on monologic speaking tasks provide information about their interactional competence. This is an important concern from a test use perspective, as stakeholders tend to consider test scores as providing comprehensive information about all aspects of L2 competence. One hundred and fifty test takers completed a TOEFL iBT speaking section consisting of six mo…
Proficiency and Preference Organization in Second Language Mandarin Chinese Refusals
This study investigates second language (L2) interactional competence in Mandarin Chinese, with a specific focus on dispreference organization in refusals. Twenty‐eight L2 Chinese learners at 3 proficiency levels (A2, B1, and B2) and 10 native speakers each participated in 3 role plays. We found that learners at different levels clearly differed in their ability to organize refusals as dispreferred and to fine tune their refusal to the initiating…
A study of Chinese learners' ability to comprehend irony
Interactional competence in L2 text-chat interactions
Speaking in turns and sequences
In the assessment of speaking, a psycholinguistically based speaking construct has predominated. In this paper, we argue for the integration of the construct of interactional competence (IC) in speaking assessments to broaden the range of defensible inferences from speaking tests. IC emphasizes the co-constructed nature of interaction and enables the rating of L2 users’ ability to deploy interactional tools that lead to shared understandings. Rec…
Proficiency and preference organization in second language refusals
Multiple Requests in Arabic as a Second Language
Research in second language pragmatics is increasingly investigating the sequential organization of interaction and how it might be affected by second language learners’ developing proficiency. In this paper, we are focusing on a specific aspect of request organization, namely multiple requests. Through data from natural interaction and role plays, we found that multiple requests occurred in a single turn, either as an original request and its sa…
The Development of Requests by L2 Learners of Modern Standard Arabic
This study examined the development of requests made by second language (L2) learners of Modern Standard Arabic at four levels of L2 ability. The study used longitudinal and cross‐sectional data collection to investigate how learners' performance of requests developed over a five‐month period and differed as a function of ability level. The results indicated U‐shaped development, with learners initially decreasing their use of direct requests and…
Preference structure in L2 Arabic requests
Preference structure is a fundamental organizational principle of talk, and research has shown that preferred actions tend to be done immediately and without mitigation whereas dispreference is indicated by delays, elaboration, hesitation, and mitigation. However, little research exists on how second language learners do preference and dispreference. In this study, we investigate how 67 learners of Arabic at four proficiency levels managed prefer…
Insert and post-expansion in L2 Arabic requests
Assessment of Pragmatics
The assessment of second language pragmatics is a relatively recent enterprise. This entry will briefly review the construct of pragmatics, discuss some major approaches to testing pragmatics, and highlight some of the challenges for pragmatics assessment.
Testing in Pragmatics Research
It may seem contradictory to talk about “testing” in the context of “research”: after all, testing in a narrow sense is usually done to collect evidence for real‐world decisions and involves stakes for all parties involved in the process, and tests therefore need to be based on a carefully designed interpretive validity argument (Messick, 1989; Kane, 2006; Bachman & Palmer, 2010), which in itself requires a fairly extensive research program. Howe…
Proficiency and Sequential Organization of L2 Requests
L2 requests in developmental pragmatics research are commonly investigated using non-interactive data collection techniques or sidelining the larger discourse sequence in which the request proper is embedded. This study takes a different approach to the study of L2 requests. In a cross-sectional design, we collected role play data from learners at four proficiency levels, and focused on the sequential organization of the interactions and the impa…
Testing of second language pragmatics
Testing of second language pragmatic competence is an underexplored but growing area of second language assessment. Tests have focused on assessing learners’ sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic abilities but the speech act framework informing most current productive testing instruments in interlanguage pragmatics has been criticized for under-representing the construct. In particular, the assessment of learners’ ability to produce extended monolo…
Test review
Validation of a web-based test of ESL pragmalinguistics
Despite increasing interest in interlanguage pragmatics research, research on assessment of this crucial area of second language competence still lags behind assessment of other aspects of learners’ developing second language (L2) competence. This study describes the development and validation of a 36-item web-based test of ESL pragmalinguistics, measuring learners’ offline knowledge of implicatures and routines with multiple-choice questions, an…
Language testing
In this book, the authors foreground an aspect of language testing that is usually not much discussed and is frequently considered an “advanced” topic: the social dimension of language testing. They see various social dimensions in language testing. There are socially oriented language tests, i.e., tests which assess learners’ ability to use language in social settings. These are primarily oral proficiency interviews and tests of second language …
Language testing
In this book, the authors foreground an aspect of language testing that is usually not much discussed and is frequently considered an “advanced” topic: the social dimension of language testing. They see various social dimensions in language testing. There are socially oriented language tests, i.e., tests which assess learners’ ability to use language in social settings. These are primarily oral proficiency interviews and tests of second language …
Proficiency and preference organization in second language refusals
A study of Chinese learners' ability to comprehend irony
The Development of Requests by L2 Learners of Modern Standard Arabic
This study examined the development of requests made by second language (L2) learners of Modern Standard Arabic at four levels of L2 ability. The study used longitudinal and cross‐sectional data collection to investigate how learners' performance of requests developed over a five‐month period and differed as a function of ability level. The results indicated U‐shaped development, with learners initially decreasing their use of direct requests and…
Insert and post-expansion in L2 Arabic requests
Interactional competence in L2 text-chat interactions
Preference structure in L2 Arabic requests
Preference structure is a fundamental organizational principle of talk, and research has shown that preferred actions tend to be done immediately and without mitigation whereas dispreference is indicated by delays, elaboration, hesitation, and mitigation. However, little research exists on how second language learners do preference and dispreference. In this study, we investigate how 67 learners of Arabic at four proficiency levels managed prefer…
Multiple Requests in Arabic as a Second Language
Research in second language pragmatics is increasingly investigating the sequential organization of interaction and how it might be affected by second language learners’ developing proficiency. In this paper, we are focusing on a specific aspect of request organization, namely multiple requests. Through data from natural interaction and role plays, we found that multiple requests occurred in a single turn, either as an original request and its sa…
Validation of a web-based test of ESL pragmalinguistics
Despite increasing interest in interlanguage pragmatics research, research on assessment of this crucial area of second language competence still lags behind assessment of other aspects of learners’ developing second language (L2) competence. This study describes the development and validation of a 36-item web-based test of ESL pragmalinguistics, measuring learners’ offline knowledge of implicatures and routines with multiple-choice questions, an…
Language testing
In this book, the authors foreground an aspect of language testing that is usually not much discussed and is frequently considered an “advanced” topic: the social dimension of language testing. They see various social dimensions in language testing. There are socially oriented language tests, i.e., tests which assess learners’ ability to use language in social settings. These are primarily oral proficiency interviews and tests of second language …
Test review
Testing of second language pragmatics
Testing of second language pragmatic competence is an underexplored but growing area of second language assessment. Tests have focused on assessing learners’ sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic abilities but the speech act framework informing most current productive testing instruments in interlanguage pragmatics has been criticized for under-representing the construct. In particular, the assessment of learners’ ability to produce extended monolo…
Assessment of Pragmatics
The assessment of second language pragmatics is a relatively recent enterprise. This entry will briefly review the construct of pragmatics, discuss some major approaches to testing pragmatics, and highlight some of the challenges for pragmatics assessment.
Testing in Pragmatics Research
It may seem contradictory to talk about “testing” in the context of “research”: after all, testing in a narrow sense is usually done to collect evidence for real‐world decisions and involves stakes for all parties involved in the process, and tests therefore need to be based on a carefully designed interpretive validity argument (Messick, 1989; Kane, 2006; Bachman & Palmer, 2010), which in itself requires a fairly extensive research program. Howe…
Proficiency and Sequential Organization of L2 Requests
L2 requests in developmental pragmatics research are commonly investigated using non-interactive data collection techniques or sidelining the larger discourse sequence in which the request proper is embedded. This study takes a different approach to the study of L2 requests. In a cross-sectional design, we collected role play data from learners at four proficiency levels, and focused on the sequential organization of the interactions and the impa…
Preference structure in L2 Arabic requests
Preference structure is a fundamental organizational principle of talk, and research has shown that preferred actions tend to be done immediately and without mitigation whereas dispreference is indicated by delays, elaboration, hesitation, and mitigation. However, little research exists on how second language learners do preference and dispreference. In this study, we investigate how 67 learners of Arabic at four proficiency levels managed prefer…
Insert and post-expansion in L2 Arabic requests
Multiple Requests in Arabic as a Second Language
Research in second language pragmatics is increasingly investigating the sequential organization of interaction and how it might be affected by second language learners’ developing proficiency. In this paper, we are focusing on a specific aspect of request organization, namely multiple requests. Through data from natural interaction and role plays, we found that multiple requests occurred in a single turn, either as an original request and its sa…
The Development of Requests by L2 Learners of Modern Standard Arabic
This study examined the development of requests made by second language (L2) learners of Modern Standard Arabic at four levels of L2 ability. The study used longitudinal and cross‐sectional data collection to investigate how learners' performance of requests developed over a five‐month period and differed as a function of ability level. The results indicated U‐shaped development, with learners initially decreasing their use of direct requests and…
Speaking in turns and sequences
In the assessment of speaking, a psycholinguistically based speaking construct has predominated. In this paper, we argue for the integration of the construct of interactional competence (IC) in speaking assessments to broaden the range of defensible inferences from speaking tests. IC emphasizes the co-constructed nature of interaction and enables the rating of L2 users’ ability to deploy interactional tools that lead to shared understandings. Rec…
Proficiency and preference organization in second language refusals
Interactional competence in L2 text-chat interactions
Proficiency and Preference Organization in Second Language Mandarin Chinese Refusals
This study investigates second language (L2) interactional competence in Mandarin Chinese, with a specific focus on dispreference organization in refusals. Twenty‐eight L2 Chinese learners at 3 proficiency levels (A2, B1, and B2) and 10 native speakers each participated in 3 role plays. We found that learners at different levels clearly differed in their ability to organize refusals as dispreferred and to fine tune their refusal to the initiating…
A study of Chinese learners' ability to comprehend irony
Assessment of Pragmatics
Testing of second language pragmatics is a relatively new area of language testing but has seen significant growth and development in the past 25 years. Two main streams can be distinguished. The earlier one relies on an atomistic construct of pragmatics and primarily assesses learners' ability to produce and understand speech acts, with later work also integrating other aspects, such as routine formulas and implicature. Learners' ability to use …
What scores from monologic speaking tests can(not) tell us about interactional competence
The overarching aim of the study is to explore the extent to which test takers’ performances on monologic speaking tasks provide information about their interactional competence. This is an important concern from a test use perspective, as stakeholders tend to consider test scores as providing comprehensive information about all aspects of L2 competence. One hundred and fifty test takers completed a TOEFL iBT speaking section consisting of six mo…
Second Language Pragmatics
L2 pragmatics investigates second language users' ability to engage in extended interaction with others and use language appropriately to the interlocutor, discourse context, and physical context. It was traditionally informed by speech act theory and politeness theory, but the theoretical framework has in recent years shifted toward conversation analysis. Mirroring research in second language acquisition, the main interest of second language pra…
The Relationship Between L2 Interactional Competence and Proficiency
The relationship between L2 linguistic skills and the ability to use language for social purposes is still under-explored. While previous research suggests that higher proficiency coincides with better pragmatic and interactional performance, incongruities are also apparent with some low-proficiency learners being able to communicate effectively, and some high-proficiency learners showing pronounced weaknesses in interactional performance. In thi…
Assessing Digital Interactional Competence for Second‐Language and First‐Language Chinese Speakers
Measurement of interactional competence (IC) has attracted increasing interest in language assessment research. One key question is whether proficiency sufficiently accounts for IC, making separate IC assessment unnecessary. This study examines the IC–proficiency relationship using a test that assesses Chinese speakers’ ability to manage multiplex social roles in digital communication. A total of 103 second‐language (L2) and first‐language (L1) C…
Psychology (20 works) · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning (19 works) · Linguistics (18 works) · Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies (16 works) · Language proficiency (10 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Pragmatics (9 works) · Language assessment (8 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Mathematics education (7 works)