Mikk Titma
Biographic Data
| ID | 4135614 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mikk Titma |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mikk |
| FAMILY NAME | Titma |
| SIGNATURE | TITMA M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Tartu |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 74 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Gender Differences in Intragenerational Mobility: The Case of Estonia
The collapse of the socialist system, designed to be as an alternative to a market-based system, created a natural historical experiment. The countries engaged in this experiment devised various ways to introduce and develop a market-based society. In a previous article [Titma and Roots (2006): European Societies 8, 493–526], we examined intragenerational mobility in the first stage of the transition (1991–1997) using cross-national data on five …
Entrepreneurs in a Transitional Society: Case Study of Estonia
This article investigates the process of the emergence of the entrepreneurial class in post-Soviet countries, using longitudinal data from the Paths of a Generation project that began in 1983 and has had four follow-up waves in 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2004. The interviewed age cohort graduated from secondary schools in the early 1980s, entered the labor market in the Soviet Union, and was most advantaged in the emerging transitional society. Now in …
Intragenerational Mobility in Successor States of the Ussr
After the collapse of the USSR, the post-Soviet states chose different strategies to build up their economy and society. In our research, we use data of young adults in five countries that represent these strategies. Baltic countries, Estonia and Latvia, are the examples of ‘bottom up’ shock therapy which opened opportunities to everybody and therefore everybody was engaged. Belarus is an example of a country with a still ongoing command economy …
Guest Editor's Introduction: People in Post-Soviet Transitional Societies
This introduction is a preface to the three articles presented in this special issue of the International Journal of Sociology. They analyze data from post-Soviet countries in the first years of their double transition from a Socialist empire to new independent nation-states and from the Soviet state-controlled system to a market-based society. All three articles utilize data from the longitudinal research project Paths of Generation (PG), and th…
Communist Party Members: Incentives and Gains
The communist movement, its top leadership, its ideology, and socialist party-states have been extensively investigated by social scientists. But analyses of the general membership of the Communist Party (CP), especially within socialist states, have been rare, largely because good data are scarce. In this article we analyze longitudinal data on a sample of Estonians born in the late 1940s who graduated from secondary school in 1966. We compare C…
Income Inequalities in the Baltic States
The article concentrates on shock therapy introduced over the first years of transition in Latvia and Estonia and the factors that help to explain the trends in income mobility during this period. The situation in the Baltic countries is compared with another type of shock therapy, used in Russia and Ukraine, and Belarus, where market reforms have been introduced only recently. To consider these issues, data from the comparative longitudinal proj…
Education as a Factor in Intergenerational Mobility in Soviet Society
By ideological design, class inheritance was to have been eliminated in the USSR. We hypothesize that education had a potent effect on destination rank in Soviet society in its final years. We examine the effects of occupation and education of respondents' parents and of having parents in the nomenclatura using data on 5079 young adults in Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Russia's Sverdlovsk region, and Ukraine's Kharkiv region. We code occupations usin…
Prediction of Success in Post-Communist Societies: Evidence from Latvia and Estonia
The article reports results from a four-wave international longitudinal study “Paths of a Generation”representative of young adults in Estonia and Latvia. We looked especially at individual and structural factors predicting success and failure in these transitional societies taken together. We conceptualised success and failure as success group (or status group) membership. By doing so we attempted to capture different channels of “winning”(e.g.,…
Support for New Political Institutions in Estonia: The Effects of Nationality, Citizenship, and Material Well-Being
Estonia’s institutional legitimacy appears to be much more closely linked to its democratic performance than to its success in managing the economy
Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia
1998). Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia. Post-Soviet Affairs: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 114-136
Estonian and Russian Communities: Ethnic and Language Relations
For Russians in Estonia, the prospect of Estonian independence meant a crucial change in status: from local representatives of an imperial nation to a minority in a small nation-state. We depicted the ethnic environment in which our respondents lived and worked. We then examined their command of the Estonian or Russian language as an important feature characterizing their mutual accommodation. Finally, we examined expressed attitudes by Estonians…
The Estonian Longitudinal Survey
The Estonian Longitudinal Survey (ELS) actually began in 1966 when Mikk Titma conducted the first stage of a survey on a cohort of Estonian young people, who were at that time eighteen-year-old students in their last year of Estonian-language general secondary school. Titma last interviewed these respondents in 1979. Working with an international team of researchers, Titma administered another round of the ELS between February and July 1991, whil…
Estonia: A Country in Transition
Estonia as a country emerged on the map in the twentieth century. Small by American standards, its history and culture are important to an understanding of the processes of post communist transformation. This article describes the place of Estonians in the world at the beginning of this millennium, their later incorporation into the Germanic world, and their transition into the twentieth century. The German-Russian rivalry ended after World War I…
Occupational Values of Estonian Generations
(1996). 10 Occupational Values of Estonian Generations. International Journal of Sociology: Vol. 26, Estonia’s Transition from State Socialism: Nationalities and Society on the Eve of Independence Part III Social and Economic Life, pp. 31-52
Repressions Against People and Property in Estonia: Immediate and Long-Term Impacts
Although our data did not allow us to count the losses due to Soviet oppression in absolute figures, we could examine who was targeted for repressive measures and what happened with their next generation. Our data missed not only those people killed by the Soviets but also a substantial part of the Estonian elite who were refugees of war. However, the data about Estonians and Russians did provide information about repressions against the responde…
Estonia on the Eve of Independence: Overview of the Study
Estonia is the most successful of the former republics of the Soviet Union in the transitions toward democratization and a market-based economy. This study is based on a longitudinal survey of a cohort in Estonia that was first interviewed in secondary school in 1966 and last interviewed when they were about 43 years of age in 1991-that is, at a time shortly before Estonia regained its independence.Although studying many aspects of people’s socia…
Support for an Independent Estonia
Although Estonians and Russians differed from one another in their attitudes toward independence, many Russians adopted an intermediate rather than an extreme position toward it. Moreover, attitudes toward independence were largely distinct jrom attitudes of Estonians and Russians toward one another. Support for independence among Estonians was nearly universal; it did not vary according to an individual’s degree of anti-Russian feeling or with t…
Transitions from Totalitarian Society: Historical Overview
At the time our survey was conducted in Estonia in 1991, the Soviet Union’s external empire in East-Central Europe had disintegrated and the Soviet Union itself was on the verge of collapse. This article reviews how this situation came about while also noting how unexpected the outcome was. Mikhail Gorbachev sought a perestroika (restructuring) of internal politics and New Thinking in the Soviet Union’s foreign relations. Yet few people, perhaps …
Educational Careers in Estonia
Estonians were literate at the end of the nineteenth century but tertiary education became common only during Soviet times. Thus, over half of the respondents in our study had some university education. After briefly describing the Soviet educational system, this article examines predictors of the educational career, specifically, the type of secondary school attended, gender, and social (family) background.Our study found that gender had a major…
Regional Differences in Soviet Secondary Education
In this paper the process of educational tracking after completion of the 8th grade in the former Soviet Union is presented. The Soviet secondary school system was divided into three separate tracks: to general secondary school, to specialized secondary school, and to vocational school. The selection into these three types of secondary education has a crucial influence on future progress and on selection for further education. This selection was …
Watching Lithuania Reemerge
Formation of Young People' s Orientation towards Work
This article considers the problem of the formation of young people's value orientations towards the main spheres of life activities. Every sphere of life has objectively, independently of a person's intentions, some im portance in an individual's life in any society. Work is evaluated among other spheres of activity by members of society on the ground of its objective significance in the way of life peculiar to the society concerned. To measure …
The Influence of Social Origins on the Occupational Values of Graduating Secondary-School Students
Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia
1998). Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia. Post-Soviet Affairs: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 114-136
Education as a Factor in Intergenerational Mobility in Soviet Society
By ideological design, class inheritance was to have been eliminated in the USSR. We hypothesize that education had a potent effect on destination rank in Soviet society in its final years. We examine the effects of occupation and education of respondents' parents and of having parents in the nomenclatura using data on 5079 young adults in Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Russia's Sverdlovsk region, and Ukraine's Kharkiv region. We code occupations usin…
Intragenerational Mobility in Successor States of the Ussr
After the collapse of the USSR, the post-Soviet states chose different strategies to build up their economy and society. In our research, we use data of young adults in five countries that represent these strategies. Baltic countries, Estonia and Latvia, are the examples of ‘bottom up’ shock therapy which opened opportunities to everybody and therefore everybody was engaged. Belarus is an example of a country with a still ongoing command economy …
Communist Party Members: Incentives and Gains
The communist movement, its top leadership, its ideology, and socialist party-states have been extensively investigated by social scientists. But analyses of the general membership of the Communist Party (CP), especially within socialist states, have been rare, largely because good data are scarce. In this article we analyze longitudinal data on a sample of Estonians born in the late 1940s who graduated from secondary school in 1966. We compare C…
Regional Differences in Soviet Secondary Education
In this paper the process of educational tracking after completion of the 8th grade in the former Soviet Union is presented. The Soviet secondary school system was divided into three separate tracks: to general secondary school, to specialized secondary school, and to vocational school. The selection into these three types of secondary education has a crucial influence on future progress and on selection for further education. This selection was …
Estonia on the Eve of Independence: Overview of the Study
Estonia is the most successful of the former republics of the Soviet Union in the transitions toward democratization and a market-based economy. This study is based on a longitudinal survey of a cohort in Estonia that was first interviewed in secondary school in 1966 and last interviewed when they were about 43 years of age in 1991-that is, at a time shortly before Estonia regained its independence.Although studying many aspects of people’s socia…
Income Inequalities in the Baltic States
The article concentrates on shock therapy introduced over the first years of transition in Latvia and Estonia and the factors that help to explain the trends in income mobility during this period. The situation in the Baltic countries is compared with another type of shock therapy, used in Russia and Ukraine, and Belarus, where market reforms have been introduced only recently. To consider these issues, data from the comparative longitudinal proj…
Prediction of Success in Post-Communist Societies: Evidence from Latvia and Estonia
The article reports results from a four-wave international longitudinal study “Paths of a Generation”representative of young adults in Estonia and Latvia. We looked especially at individual and structural factors predicting success and failure in these transitional societies taken together. We conceptualised success and failure as success group (or status group) membership. By doing so we attempted to capture different channels of “winning”(e.g.,…
Estonian and Russian Communities: Ethnic and Language Relations
For Russians in Estonia, the prospect of Estonian independence meant a crucial change in status: from local representatives of an imperial nation to a minority in a small nation-state. We depicted the ethnic environment in which our respondents lived and worked. We then examined their command of the Estonian or Russian language as an important feature characterizing their mutual accommodation. Finally, we examined expressed attitudes by Estonians…
Gender Differences in Intragenerational Mobility: The Case of Estonia
The collapse of the socialist system, designed to be as an alternative to a market-based system, created a natural historical experiment. The countries engaged in this experiment devised various ways to introduce and develop a market-based society. In a previous article [Titma and Roots (2006): European Societies 8, 493–526], we examined intragenerational mobility in the first stage of the transition (1991–1997) using cross-national data on five …
Guest Editor's Introduction: People in Post-Soviet Transitional Societies
This introduction is a preface to the three articles presented in this special issue of the International Journal of Sociology. They analyze data from post-Soviet countries in the first years of their double transition from a Socialist empire to new independent nation-states and from the Soviet state-controlled system to a market-based society. All three articles utilize data from the longitudinal research project Paths of Generation (PG), and th…
Support for New Political Institutions in Estonia: The Effects of Nationality, Citizenship, and Material Well-Being
Estonia’s institutional legitimacy appears to be much more closely linked to its democratic performance than to its success in managing the economy
The Estonian Longitudinal Survey
The Estonian Longitudinal Survey (ELS) actually began in 1966 when Mikk Titma conducted the first stage of a survey on a cohort of Estonian young people, who were at that time eighteen-year-old students in their last year of Estonian-language general secondary school. Titma last interviewed these respondents in 1979. Working with an international team of researchers, Titma administered another round of the ELS between February and July 1991, whil…
Repressions Against People and Property in Estonia: Immediate and Long-Term Impacts
Although our data did not allow us to count the losses due to Soviet oppression in absolute figures, we could examine who was targeted for repressive measures and what happened with their next generation. Our data missed not only those people killed by the Soviets but also a substantial part of the Estonian elite who were refugees of war. However, the data about Estonians and Russians did provide information about repressions against the responde…
Formation of Young People' s Orientation towards Work
This article considers the problem of the formation of young people's value orientations towards the main spheres of life activities. Every sphere of life has objectively, independently of a person's intentions, some im portance in an individual's life in any society. Work is evaluated among other spheres of activity by members of society on the ground of its objective significance in the way of life peculiar to the society concerned. To measure …
The Influence of Social Origins on the Occupational Values of Graduating Secondary-School Students
Formation of Young People' s Orientation towards Work
This article considers the problem of the formation of young people's value orientations towards the main spheres of life activities. Every sphere of life has objectively, independently of a person's intentions, some im portance in an individual's life in any society. Work is evaluated among other spheres of activity by members of society on the ground of its objective significance in the way of life peculiar to the society concerned. To measure …
Watching Lithuania Reemerge
Regional Differences in Soviet Secondary Education
In this paper the process of educational tracking after completion of the 8th grade in the former Soviet Union is presented. The Soviet secondary school system was divided into three separate tracks: to general secondary school, to specialized secondary school, and to vocational school. The selection into these three types of secondary education has a crucial influence on future progress and on selection for further education. This selection was …
Estonian and Russian Communities: Ethnic and Language Relations
For Russians in Estonia, the prospect of Estonian independence meant a crucial change in status: from local representatives of an imperial nation to a minority in a small nation-state. We depicted the ethnic environment in which our respondents lived and worked. We then examined their command of the Estonian or Russian language as an important feature characterizing their mutual accommodation. Finally, we examined expressed attitudes by Estonians…
The Estonian Longitudinal Survey
The Estonian Longitudinal Survey (ELS) actually began in 1966 when Mikk Titma conducted the first stage of a survey on a cohort of Estonian young people, who were at that time eighteen-year-old students in their last year of Estonian-language general secondary school. Titma last interviewed these respondents in 1979. Working with an international team of researchers, Titma administered another round of the ELS between February and July 1991, whil…
Estonia: A Country in Transition
Estonia as a country emerged on the map in the twentieth century. Small by American standards, its history and culture are important to an understanding of the processes of post communist transformation. This article describes the place of Estonians in the world at the beginning of this millennium, their later incorporation into the Germanic world, and their transition into the twentieth century. The German-Russian rivalry ended after World War I…
Occupational Values of Estonian Generations
(1996). 10 Occupational Values of Estonian Generations. International Journal of Sociology: Vol. 26, Estonia’s Transition from State Socialism: Nationalities and Society on the Eve of Independence Part III Social and Economic Life, pp. 31-52
Repressions Against People and Property in Estonia: Immediate and Long-Term Impacts
Although our data did not allow us to count the losses due to Soviet oppression in absolute figures, we could examine who was targeted for repressive measures and what happened with their next generation. Our data missed not only those people killed by the Soviets but also a substantial part of the Estonian elite who were refugees of war. However, the data about Estonians and Russians did provide information about repressions against the responde…
Estonia on the Eve of Independence: Overview of the Study
Estonia is the most successful of the former republics of the Soviet Union in the transitions toward democratization and a market-based economy. This study is based on a longitudinal survey of a cohort in Estonia that was first interviewed in secondary school in 1966 and last interviewed when they were about 43 years of age in 1991-that is, at a time shortly before Estonia regained its independence.Although studying many aspects of people’s socia…
Support for an Independent Estonia
Although Estonians and Russians differed from one another in their attitudes toward independence, many Russians adopted an intermediate rather than an extreme position toward it. Moreover, attitudes toward independence were largely distinct jrom attitudes of Estonians and Russians toward one another. Support for independence among Estonians was nearly universal; it did not vary according to an individual’s degree of anti-Russian feeling or with t…
Transitions from Totalitarian Society: Historical Overview
At the time our survey was conducted in Estonia in 1991, the Soviet Union’s external empire in East-Central Europe had disintegrated and the Soviet Union itself was on the verge of collapse. This article reviews how this situation came about while also noting how unexpected the outcome was. Mikhail Gorbachev sought a perestroika (restructuring) of internal politics and New Thinking in the Soviet Union’s foreign relations. Yet few people, perhaps …
Educational Careers in Estonia
Estonians were literate at the end of the nineteenth century but tertiary education became common only during Soviet times. Thus, over half of the respondents in our study had some university education. After briefly describing the Soviet educational system, this article examines predictors of the educational career, specifically, the type of secondary school attended, gender, and social (family) background.Our study found that gender had a major…
Support for New Political Institutions in Estonia: The Effects of Nationality, Citizenship, and Material Well-Being
Estonia’s institutional legitimacy appears to be much more closely linked to its democratic performance than to its success in managing the economy
Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia
1998). Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia. Post-Soviet Affairs: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 114-136
Prediction of Success in Post-Communist Societies: Evidence from Latvia and Estonia
The article reports results from a four-wave international longitudinal study “Paths of a Generation”representative of young adults in Estonia and Latvia. We looked especially at individual and structural factors predicting success and failure in these transitional societies taken together. We conceptualised success and failure as success group (or status group) membership. By doing so we attempted to capture different channels of “winning”(e.g.,…
Education as a Factor in Intergenerational Mobility in Soviet Society
By ideological design, class inheritance was to have been eliminated in the USSR. We hypothesize that education had a potent effect on destination rank in Soviet society in its final years. We examine the effects of occupation and education of respondents' parents and of having parents in the nomenclatura using data on 5079 young adults in Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Russia's Sverdlovsk region, and Ukraine's Kharkiv region. We code occupations usin…
Guest Editor's Introduction: People in Post-Soviet Transitional Societies
This introduction is a preface to the three articles presented in this special issue of the International Journal of Sociology. They analyze data from post-Soviet countries in the first years of their double transition from a Socialist empire to new independent nation-states and from the Soviet state-controlled system to a market-based society. All three articles utilize data from the longitudinal research project Paths of Generation (PG), and th…
Communist Party Members: Incentives and Gains
The communist movement, its top leadership, its ideology, and socialist party-states have been extensively investigated by social scientists. But analyses of the general membership of the Communist Party (CP), especially within socialist states, have been rare, largely because good data are scarce. In this article we analyze longitudinal data on a sample of Estonians born in the late 1940s who graduated from secondary school in 1966. We compare C…
Income Inequalities in the Baltic States
The article concentrates on shock therapy introduced over the first years of transition in Latvia and Estonia and the factors that help to explain the trends in income mobility during this period. The situation in the Baltic countries is compared with another type of shock therapy, used in Russia and Ukraine, and Belarus, where market reforms have been introduced only recently. To consider these issues, data from the comparative longitudinal proj…
Intragenerational Mobility in Successor States of the Ussr
After the collapse of the USSR, the post-Soviet states chose different strategies to build up their economy and society. In our research, we use data of young adults in five countries that represent these strategies. Baltic countries, Estonia and Latvia, are the examples of ‘bottom up’ shock therapy which opened opportunities to everybody and therefore everybody was engaged. Belarus is an example of a country with a still ongoing command economy …
Entrepreneurs in a Transitional Society: Case Study of Estonia
This article investigates the process of the emergence of the entrepreneurial class in post-Soviet countries, using longitudinal data from the Paths of a Generation project that began in 1983 and has had four follow-up waves in 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2004. The interviewed age cohort graduated from secondary schools in the early 1980s, entered the labor market in the Soviet Union, and was most advantaged in the emerging transitional society. Now in …
Gender Differences in Intragenerational Mobility: The Case of Estonia
The collapse of the socialist system, designed to be as an alternative to a market-based system, created a natural historical experiment. The countries engaged in this experiment devised various ways to introduce and develop a market-based society. In a previous article [Titma and Roots (2006): European Societies 8, 493–526], we examined intragenerational mobility in the first stage of the transition (1991–1997) using cross-national data on five …
Political science (19 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Politics (13 works) · Economics (12 works) · Demographic economics (10 works) · Psychology (8 works) · Estonian (7 works) · Law (7 works) · Law (7 works) · Political economy (6 works)