Christian Michael Smith
Biographic Data
| ID | 4136827 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Christian Michael Smith |
| GIVEN NAMES | Christian Michael |
| FAMILY NAME | Smith |
| SIGNATURE | SMITH C M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8024-3832 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 144 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 15 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Hidden Advantage along the Pipeline
Research shows a link between wealth and educational attainment, but little work has examined wealth relationships from high school degree through graduate degree completion. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to study when and how wealth may advantage students along their entire educational trajectory. Using sequential logistic regression models (“Mare models”), we find that across transitions, wealth relationships a…
Wealth, Race, and Under-Addressed Financial Need in Federal Student Aid Policy
Federal student aid formulas prioritize income over wealth. Using nationally representative data from two cohorts, we argue that federal student aid policy thus under-addresses wealth-driven financial need and that this oversight contributes to racial disparities in student debt, in turn reinforcing the United States’s longstanding racial wealth stratification. Our analyses show that Black and Latine students are disproportionately likely to be l…
The For-Profit Side of Public U
Online enrollments in public universities have soared, in part because of universities' increasing reliance on for-profit online program managers (OPMs) for everything from instructional design to student recruitment. However, scholarship has indicated that OPMs may play a role in producing predatory forms of inclusion in higher education for marginalized students. To identify mechanisms through which this might occur, the authors conduct a mixed…
Racial Disparities in Criminal Sentencing Vary Considerably across Federal Judges
Substantial race-based disparities exist in federal criminal sentencing. We analyze 380,000 recent (2006-2019) sentences in the JUSTFAIR database and show that these disparities are large and vary considerably across judges. Judges assign White defendants sentences 13% shorter than Black defendants' and 19% shorter than Hispanic defendants' sentences, on average, conditional on case characteristics and district. Judges one standard deviation abov…
Mixed Signals? Economically (Dis)advantaged Students’ College Attendance Under Mandatory College and Career Readiness Assessments
In 2015, Wisconsin began mandating the ACT college entrance exam and the WorkKeys career readiness assessment. With population-level data and several quasi-experimental designs, we assess how this policy affected college attendance. We estimate a positive policy effect for middle/high-income students, no effect for low-income students, and greater effects at high schools that had lower ACT participation before the policy. We further find little e…
Advanced Placement Gatekeeping and Racialized Tracking
Racialized tracking is central to sociological explanations for racially stratified educational outcomes. However, school officials' decision-making is of debated importance for explaining racialized tracking. We contribute to this literature by examining the effects of schools' enrollment policies for Advanced Placement (AP) courses. Using a unique combination of school survey data and administrative data from Wisconsin, we examine what happens …
Does State Allocation of University Funding Moderate Effectively Maintained Inequality
According to the theory of Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI), economically advantaged individuals not only enter each level of education at higher rates than do their less advantaged peers, but also enjoy qualitative advantages at each level that position them more favorably to continue to the next level. Governments may play a role in facilitating or limiting EMI because they allocate appropriations to public universities; the more between…
Well-Placed
In the Footsteps of Siblings
Studies in social stratification have used siblings as a tool to learn about the intergenerational transmission of advantage but less often have asked how siblings impact one another's life chances. The author draws on social capital theory and hypothesizes that when youths attend college, they increase the probability that their siblings attend college. The author further hypothesizes that this effect is strongest among youths whose parents do n…
Late-stage educational inequality
Souls in Transition
How important is religion for young people in America today? What are the major influences on their developing spiritual lives? How do religious beliefs and practices change as young people enter into adulthood? This book explores these questions and many others as it tells the definitive story of the religious and spiritual lives of emerging adults, ages eighteen to twenty-four, in the U.S. today. Based on candid interviews with thousands of you…
Socioeconomic Inequality in the American Religious System
American sociology has long documented and theorized persistent inequalities between religious communities in the United States; in addition, socioeconomic inequalities between religious groups have played an important role in many sociological theories about religion and society. Since the publication of numerous important works published in the mid-20th century, however, the social stratification of American religion has been a curiously unders…
American Evangelicalism
Journal Article American Evangelicalism: Embattled and Thriving, by Christian Smith with Michael Emerson, Sally Gallagher, Paul Kennedy and David Sikkink. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1998, 310 pp. $45.00, $16.00 (pbk) Get access John Schmalzbauer John Schmalzbauer College of the Holy Cross Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sociology of Religion, Volume 60, Issue 3, Fall 1999, Pages 336–337, htt…
Equal in Christ, but Not in the World
Equal in Christ, But Not in the World: White Conservative Protestants and Explanations of Black-White Inequality Get access Michael O. Emerson, Michael O. Emerson Direct all correspondence to Michael O. Emerson, Department of Sociology, MS28, P.O. Box 1892, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christian Smith, Christian Smith Search for oth…
American Evangelicalism
Equal in Christ, but Not in the World
Equal in Christ, But Not in the World: White Conservative Protestants and Explanations of Black-White Inequality Get access Michael O. Emerson, Michael O. Emerson Direct all correspondence to Michael O. Emerson, Department of Sociology, MS28, P.O. Box 1892, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christian Smith, Christian Smith Search for oth…
Socioeconomic Inequality in the American Religious System
American sociology has long documented and theorized persistent inequalities between religious communities in the United States; in addition, socioeconomic inequalities between religious groups have played an important role in many sociological theories about religion and society. Since the publication of numerous important works published in the mid-20th century, however, the social stratification of American religion has been a curiously unders…
In the Footsteps of Siblings
Studies in social stratification have used siblings as a tool to learn about the intergenerational transmission of advantage but less often have asked how siblings impact one another's life chances. The author draws on social capital theory and hypothesizes that when youths attend college, they increase the probability that their siblings attend college. The author further hypothesizes that this effect is strongest among youths whose parents do n…
The For-Profit Side of Public U
Online enrollments in public universities have soared, in part because of universities' increasing reliance on for-profit online program managers (OPMs) for everything from instructional design to student recruitment. However, scholarship has indicated that OPMs may play a role in producing predatory forms of inclusion in higher education for marginalized students. To identify mechanisms through which this might occur, the authors conduct a mixed…
Advanced Placement Gatekeeping and Racialized Tracking
Racialized tracking is central to sociological explanations for racially stratified educational outcomes. However, school officials' decision-making is of debated importance for explaining racialized tracking. We contribute to this literature by examining the effects of schools' enrollment policies for Advanced Placement (AP) courses. Using a unique combination of school survey data and administrative data from Wisconsin, we examine what happens …
Late-stage educational inequality
American Evangelicalism
American Evangelicalism
Journal Article American Evangelicalism: Embattled and Thriving, by Christian Smith with Michael Emerson, Sally Gallagher, Paul Kennedy and David Sikkink. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1998, 310 pp. $45.00, $16.00 (pbk) Get access John Schmalzbauer John Schmalzbauer College of the Holy Cross Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sociology of Religion, Volume 60, Issue 3, Fall 1999, Pages 336–337, htt…
Equal in Christ, but Not in the World
Equal in Christ, But Not in the World: White Conservative Protestants and Explanations of Black-White Inequality Get access Michael O. Emerson, Michael O. Emerson Direct all correspondence to Michael O. Emerson, Department of Sociology, MS28, P.O. Box 1892, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christian Smith, Christian Smith Search for oth…
Socioeconomic Inequality in the American Religious System
American sociology has long documented and theorized persistent inequalities between religious communities in the United States; in addition, socioeconomic inequalities between religious groups have played an important role in many sociological theories about religion and society. Since the publication of numerous important works published in the mid-20th century, however, the social stratification of American religion has been a curiously unders…
Souls in Transition
How important is religion for young people in America today? What are the major influences on their developing spiritual lives? How do religious beliefs and practices change as young people enter into adulthood? This book explores these questions and many others as it tells the definitive story of the religious and spiritual lives of emerging adults, ages eighteen to twenty-four, in the U.S. today. Based on candid interviews with thousands of you…
Late-stage educational inequality
Well-Placed
In the Footsteps of Siblings
Studies in social stratification have used siblings as a tool to learn about the intergenerational transmission of advantage but less often have asked how siblings impact one another's life chances. The author draws on social capital theory and hypothesizes that when youths attend college, they increase the probability that their siblings attend college. The author further hypothesizes that this effect is strongest among youths whose parents do n…
Does State Allocation of University Funding Moderate Effectively Maintained Inequality
According to the theory of Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI), economically advantaged individuals not only enter each level of education at higher rates than do their less advantaged peers, but also enjoy qualitative advantages at each level that position them more favorably to continue to the next level. Governments may play a role in facilitating or limiting EMI because they allocate appropriations to public universities; the more between…
Racial Disparities in Criminal Sentencing Vary Considerably across Federal Judges
Substantial race-based disparities exist in federal criminal sentencing. We analyze 380,000 recent (2006-2019) sentences in the JUSTFAIR database and show that these disparities are large and vary considerably across judges. Judges assign White defendants sentences 13% shorter than Black defendants' and 19% shorter than Hispanic defendants' sentences, on average, conditional on case characteristics and district. Judges one standard deviation abov…
Mixed Signals? Economically (Dis)advantaged Students’ College Attendance Under Mandatory College and Career Readiness Assessments
In 2015, Wisconsin began mandating the ACT college entrance exam and the WorkKeys career readiness assessment. With population-level data and several quasi-experimental designs, we assess how this policy affected college attendance. We estimate a positive policy effect for middle/high-income students, no effect for low-income students, and greater effects at high schools that had lower ACT participation before the policy. We further find little e…
Advanced Placement Gatekeeping and Racialized Tracking
Racialized tracking is central to sociological explanations for racially stratified educational outcomes. However, school officials' decision-making is of debated importance for explaining racialized tracking. We contribute to this literature by examining the effects of schools' enrollment policies for Advanced Placement (AP) courses. Using a unique combination of school survey data and administrative data from Wisconsin, we examine what happens …
The For-Profit Side of Public U
Online enrollments in public universities have soared, in part because of universities' increasing reliance on for-profit online program managers (OPMs) for everything from instructional design to student recruitment. However, scholarship has indicated that OPMs may play a role in producing predatory forms of inclusion in higher education for marginalized students. To identify mechanisms through which this might occur, the authors conduct a mixed…
Wealth, Race, and Under-Addressed Financial Need in Federal Student Aid Policy
Federal student aid formulas prioritize income over wealth. Using nationally representative data from two cohorts, we argue that federal student aid policy thus under-addresses wealth-driven financial need and that this oversight contributes to racial disparities in student debt, in turn reinforcing the United States’s longstanding racial wealth stratification. Our analyses show that Black and Latine students are disproportionately likely to be l…
Hidden Advantage along the Pipeline
Research shows a link between wealth and educational attainment, but little work has examined wealth relationships from high school degree through graduate degree completion. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to study when and how wealth may advantage students along their entire educational trajectory. Using sequential logistic regression models (“Mare models”), we find that across transitions, wealth relationships a…
Sociology (11 works) · Psychology (9 works) · Economics (7 works) · Higher Education Research Studies (7 works) · Political science (6 works) · Demographic economics (5 works) · Economic growth (5 works) · Inequality (5 works) · School Choice and Performance (5 works) · Demography (4 works)