Zenonas Butkus
Biographic Data
| ID | 4162822 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Zenonas Butkus |
| GIVEN NAMES | Zenonas |
| FAMILY NAME | Butkus |
| SIGNATURE | BUTKUS Z |
| AFFILIATIONS | Vilnius University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 14 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
The Communist Revolt in Tallinn on the 1st of December 1924 and its Diplomatic Cover-Up
This article, based on the archives stored in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia and some recently published documents, investigates the coup attempted by the Soviets on December 1, 1924 in Tallinn and evaluates its consequences within the broad context of international relations. During the research, it was established that an attempt to stage a coup in Estonia had been undertaken both by the Estonian communists and the USSR leadership, whic…
Žemės ūkio kooperacija ir Lietuvos ekonominė pažanga XX amžiaus trečiame dešimtmetyje
Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas kooperacijos sąjūdžio indėlis skatinant bendrą Lietuvos ūkio pažangą pirmame Nepriklausomybės dešimtmetyje. Smulkiųjų žemės ūkio gamintojų telkimasis į kooperatyvus visuotinio nepritekliaus sąlygomis regėtas kaip optimalus kelias pertvarkyti karo ir okupacijų nualintą šalies agrarinį sektorių. Nuolatinis prekių deficitas lėmė, kad pirmaisiais nepriklausomo valstybinio gyvenimo metais sparčiausiai steigėsi prekybos koope…
Krizė keičia Lietuvą
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami XX a. ketvirto dešimtmečio pradžios Lietuvos socioekonominės padėties pokyčiai kilus ekonomikos krizei (1931–1935), kurie modernėjančios Lietuvos visuomenėje sukėlė didesnius pasikeitimus. Parodoma krizės Lietuvoje specifika, vyriausybės ekonominės priemonės bei propagandinės programos, kurios paveikė šalies žemdirbių požiūrį į ūkininkavimo tradicijas, sparčiai besirandančias organizuoto lietuviško verslo struktūras, o vis…
Totalitarizmo poveikis demokratiniams procesams
Neramus ir nestabilus šiuolaikinis pasaulis verčia rūpintis demokratijos, kaip parankiausio tautų ir piliečių sugyvenimo būdo, tvarumu. Tobulėja, stiprėja šis būdas lėtokai ir ypač nedrąsiai jis skinasi kelią į tarptautinių santykių tvarkymo sferą, kuri tebėra perdėm uždara ir neprieinama platesnei visuomenės kontrolei. Po Antrojo pasaulinio karo susiformavęs dvipolis pasaulis šiandien virsta daugiapoliu, kuriame, kaip parodė XX a. pirmos pusės i…
Visit of the Soviet Union journalists' delegation to Finland and the Baltic countries in 1937
The article presents the leader's of the USSR journalists' delegation, Michailov's, report to Stalin and Molotov on the July 19-August 10, 1937 visit to Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, which was found in the Russian State Archive for Social and Political History, Molotov's Stock (f. 82, i. 2, r. 1020, p. 4-16). The document presented might seem to be complete propaganda, bloated with class struggle, and in general full of Marxist clichés…
Latvia and Estonia's View to the Separation of Klaipėda from Lithuania in 1939
The article focuses on a topic that has never been tackled and constructively investigated in historiography. The issue of Klaipėda, which was one of the key international problems for Lithuania in interwar years, affected the international status and the stability of its northern neighbor countries, including other Baltic states - Latvia and Estonia. In 1923, having confirmed the annexation of Klaipėda region to Lithuania, they were both concern…
The report of Chief of the General Staff of USSR marshal Alexander Jegorov about his visit in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia on 15th-26th of February, 1937
A. Jegorov's report to the People's Commissar of Defence Kliment Voroshilov that is being published has been found in the Russian State Military Archive (F. 33987. Ap. 3. B. 1035. L. 118-147). This report is a unique testimony of the USSR policy and international relations and a sign of the activity of the policy in question that in principle has never been used in scientific research. It raises doubts about the statement that has been and is sti…
The Impact of German and Soviet Politics towards the Establishment ofthe Baltic Union in 1919-1940
Following the weakening of Russia and Germany, modern Baltic states – Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia – were established during World War I. Even though they succeeded in liberating themselves from the foreign yoke, the newly created states found it impossible to break free from the political and diplomatic influence exerted by the said great states. Postwar democratic development, outburst of democracy in international relations, the foreign polic…
The Impact of the USSR on Lithuania's Domestic Policy and Its International Orientation in the Third Decade of the Twentieth Century
This article investigates links between domestic and foreign policy, topics which are usually discussed rather than analyzed in any detail. The case of the USSR and Lithuania is taken as an historical example of the impact of the external factor on domestic policy, and an attempt is made to elucidate how the Soviets tried to influence and correct Lithuania's policy in the inter-war period by providing financial assistance to parties and their pre…
Coup (d'etat) in the Baltic States (1926, 1934)
The article compares the political upheaval that took place in Lithuania 80 years ago with those staged in Estonia and Latvia in 1934. Their similarities and differences are discussed, and their historiography is compared. All the three were classified as military-political coups that caused transition from democratic to an authoritarian ruling system without changing socio-economic system or foreign policy. The main alleviating circumstance comm…
Attitudes of the Soviet Union and Germany Towards the Question of Vilnius Between the World Wars
The aim of this article is to examine the attitudes of the Soviet Union and Germany towards the problem of Vilnius in the period between the First and Second World Wars. The article is based mainly on unpublished documents from Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian, German and Soviet archives. The problem under review emerged after the First World War, when Poland occupied the capital of Lithuania, Vilnius, and kept it under its control almost until the …
Romantic balticphilia in Latvian istoriography
In this article it is shown that romantic Balticphilia (a historical, cultural concept of the authors who treat the past of the Balts, the first Paganism, as a separate, civilized, closed system, putting it in opposition to Western, Christian culture) takes root in Lithuanian historiography and doesn't induce its modernity, nor its overthrowing of historicism; it only weakly influences Latvian historiography. Balticphilic works are clearly not pl…
Great Britain's mediation in establishing the Lithuanian-Latvian Frontier, 1920–1921
Today the newly freed Baltic republics of Latvia and Lithuania have no territorial claims against each other. Immediately after the First World War, however, the two states had difficulty in agreeing upon a common border drawn along ethnic lines which also met their economic and military needs. Centuries of foreign rule had left them with an outmoded border 610 kilometers long. The historical background of the frontier was complicated. The 1426 T…
The Hyman's project and Latvija in 1921
The Impact of the USSR on Lithuania's Domestic Policy and Its International Orientation in the Third Decade of the Twentieth Century
This article investigates links between domestic and foreign policy, topics which are usually discussed rather than analyzed in any detail. The case of the USSR and Lithuania is taken as an historical example of the impact of the external factor on domestic policy, and an attempt is made to elucidate how the Soviets tried to influence and correct Lithuania's policy in the inter-war period by providing financial assistance to parties and their pre…
The Hyman's project and Latvija in 1921
Great Britain's mediation in establishing the Lithuanian-Latvian Frontier, 1920–1921
Today the newly freed Baltic republics of Latvia and Lithuania have no territorial claims against each other. Immediately after the First World War, however, the two states had difficulty in agreeing upon a common border drawn along ethnic lines which also met their economic and military needs. Centuries of foreign rule had left them with an outmoded border 610 kilometers long. The historical background of the frontier was complicated. The 1426 T…
Romantic balticphilia in Latvian istoriography
In this article it is shown that romantic Balticphilia (a historical, cultural concept of the authors who treat the past of the Balts, the first Paganism, as a separate, civilized, closed system, putting it in opposition to Western, Christian culture) takes root in Lithuanian historiography and doesn't induce its modernity, nor its overthrowing of historicism; it only weakly influences Latvian historiography. Balticphilic works are clearly not pl…
Attitudes of the Soviet Union and Germany Towards the Question of Vilnius Between the World Wars
The aim of this article is to examine the attitudes of the Soviet Union and Germany towards the problem of Vilnius in the period between the First and Second World Wars. The article is based mainly on unpublished documents from Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian, German and Soviet archives. The problem under review emerged after the First World War, when Poland occupied the capital of Lithuania, Vilnius, and kept it under its control almost until the …
Coup (d'etat) in the Baltic States (1926, 1934)
The article compares the political upheaval that took place in Lithuania 80 years ago with those staged in Estonia and Latvia in 1934. Their similarities and differences are discussed, and their historiography is compared. All the three were classified as military-political coups that caused transition from democratic to an authoritarian ruling system without changing socio-economic system or foreign policy. The main alleviating circumstance comm…
The Impact of German and Soviet Politics towards the Establishment ofthe Baltic Union in 1919-1940
Following the weakening of Russia and Germany, modern Baltic states – Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia – were established during World War I. Even though they succeeded in liberating themselves from the foreign yoke, the newly created states found it impossible to break free from the political and diplomatic influence exerted by the said great states. Postwar democratic development, outburst of democracy in international relations, the foreign polic…
The Impact of the USSR on Lithuania's Domestic Policy and Its International Orientation in the Third Decade of the Twentieth Century
This article investigates links between domestic and foreign policy, topics which are usually discussed rather than analyzed in any detail. The case of the USSR and Lithuania is taken as an historical example of the impact of the external factor on domestic policy, and an attempt is made to elucidate how the Soviets tried to influence and correct Lithuania's policy in the inter-war period by providing financial assistance to parties and their pre…
The report of Chief of the General Staff of USSR marshal Alexander Jegorov about his visit in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia on 15th-26th of February, 1937
A. Jegorov's report to the People's Commissar of Defence Kliment Voroshilov that is being published has been found in the Russian State Military Archive (F. 33987. Ap. 3. B. 1035. L. 118-147). This report is a unique testimony of the USSR policy and international relations and a sign of the activity of the policy in question that in principle has never been used in scientific research. It raises doubts about the statement that has been and is sti…
Latvia and Estonia's View to the Separation of Klaipėda from Lithuania in 1939
The article focuses on a topic that has never been tackled and constructively investigated in historiography. The issue of Klaipėda, which was one of the key international problems for Lithuania in interwar years, affected the international status and the stability of its northern neighbor countries, including other Baltic states - Latvia and Estonia. In 1923, having confirmed the annexation of Klaipėda region to Lithuania, they were both concern…
Visit of the Soviet Union journalists' delegation to Finland and the Baltic countries in 1937
The article presents the leader's of the USSR journalists' delegation, Michailov's, report to Stalin and Molotov on the July 19-August 10, 1937 visit to Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, which was found in the Russian State Archive for Social and Political History, Molotov's Stock (f. 82, i. 2, r. 1020, p. 4-16). The document presented might seem to be complete propaganda, bloated with class struggle, and in general full of Marxist clichés…
Totalitarizmo poveikis demokratiniams procesams
Neramus ir nestabilus šiuolaikinis pasaulis verčia rūpintis demokratijos, kaip parankiausio tautų ir piliečių sugyvenimo būdo, tvarumu. Tobulėja, stiprėja šis būdas lėtokai ir ypač nedrąsiai jis skinasi kelią į tarptautinių santykių tvarkymo sferą, kuri tebėra perdėm uždara ir neprieinama platesnei visuomenės kontrolei. Po Antrojo pasaulinio karo susiformavęs dvipolis pasaulis šiandien virsta daugiapoliu, kuriame, kaip parodė XX a. pirmos pusės i…
Krizė keičia Lietuvą
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami XX a. ketvirto dešimtmečio pradžios Lietuvos socioekonominės padėties pokyčiai kilus ekonomikos krizei (1931–1935), kurie modernėjančios Lietuvos visuomenėje sukėlė didesnius pasikeitimus. Parodoma krizės Lietuvoje specifika, vyriausybės ekonominės priemonės bei propagandinės programos, kurios paveikė šalies žemdirbių požiūrį į ūkininkavimo tradicijas, sparčiai besirandančias organizuoto lietuviško verslo struktūras, o vis…
Žemės ūkio kooperacija ir Lietuvos ekonominė pažanga XX amžiaus trečiame dešimtmetyje
Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas kooperacijos sąjūdžio indėlis skatinant bendrą Lietuvos ūkio pažangą pirmame Nepriklausomybės dešimtmetyje. Smulkiųjų žemės ūkio gamintojų telkimasis į kooperatyvus visuotinio nepritekliaus sąlygomis regėtas kaip optimalus kelias pertvarkyti karo ir okupacijų nualintą šalies agrarinį sektorių. Nuolatinis prekių deficitas lėmė, kad pirmaisiais nepriklausomo valstybinio gyvenimo metais sparčiausiai steigėsi prekybos koope…
The Communist Revolt in Tallinn on the 1st of December 1924 and its Diplomatic Cover-Up
This article, based on the archives stored in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia and some recently published documents, investigates the coup attempted by the Soviets on December 1, 1924 in Tallinn and evaluates its consequences within the broad context of international relations. During the research, it was established that an attempt to stage a coup in Estonia had been undertaken both by the Estonian communists and the USSR leadership, whic…
Historical Geopolitical and Social Dynamics (9 works) · Political science (9 works) · Law (6 works) · Politics (6 works) · Economic history (5 works) · Economics (5 works) · History (5 works) · Economy (4 works) · Latvian (4 works) · Polish Historical and Cultural Studies (4 works)