Rourke L O’brien
Biographic Data
| ID | 4178205 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Rourke L O’brien |
| GIVEN NAMES | Rourke L |
| FAMILY NAME | O’brien |
| SIGNATURE | O’BRIEN R L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Yale University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 5 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 57 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 5 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Fiscal Impoverishment in Rich Democracies
This article introduces fiscal impoverishment as a framework for comparative poverty research. We invert standard analyses of welfare state policy and household poverty by focusing not on poverty alleviation but poverty creation and exacerbation. Using harmonized household survey data, we show how the income and payroll taxes most rich countries rely on to finance the public sector serve to push households (further) into poverty. We estimate that…
Early-life Medicaid Coverage and Intergenerational Economic Mobility
New data reveal significant variation in economic mobility outcomes across U.S. localities. This suggests that social structures, institutions, and public policies—particularly those that influence critical early-life environments—play an important role in shaping mobility processes. Using new county-level estimates of intergenerational economic mobility for children born between 1980 and 1986, we exploit the uneven expansions of Medicaid eligibi…
Disparate Impact? Race, Sex, and Credit Reports in Hiring
Half of U.S. employers consider credit history when deciding whom to hire. The practice has become a contentious policy issue, with multiple jurisdictions limiting the use of credit reports in employment. Yet to date, there has been no test of how the introduction of credit history influences the way employers make decisions. Recent qualitative research finds that employers evaluate credit reports in contingent and person-specific ways, which ope…
Paternal Incarceration and Teachers' Expectations of Students
In the past 40 years, paternal imprisonment has been transformed from an event affecting only the most unfortunate children to one that one in four African American children experience. Although research speculates that the stigma, strain, and separation resulting from paternal incarceration cause the poor outcomes of children of incarcerated fathers, evidence regarding these mechanisms is lacking. In this article, we use an experimental vignette…
Redistribution and the New Fiscal Sociology: Race and the Progressivity of State and Local Taxes
States redistribute wealth through two mechanisms: spending and taxation. Yet studies of the social determinants of redistribution typically focus exclusively on government spending. This article explores how one determinant of social spending-racial composition-influences preferences for, and the structure of, tax systems. First, analyses of state and local tax burden data indicate that an increasing proportion of Latinos within states is associ…
Paternal Incarceration and Teachers' Expectations of Students
In the past 40 years, paternal imprisonment has been transformed from an event affecting only the most unfortunate children to one that one in four African American children experience. Although research speculates that the stigma, strain, and separation resulting from paternal incarceration cause the poor outcomes of children of incarcerated fathers, evidence regarding these mechanisms is lacking. In this article, we use an experimental vignette…
Redistribution and the New Fiscal Sociology: Race and the Progressivity of State and Local Taxes
States redistribute wealth through two mechanisms: spending and taxation. Yet studies of the social determinants of redistribution typically focus exclusively on government spending. This article explores how one determinant of social spending-racial composition-influences preferences for, and the structure of, tax systems. First, analyses of state and local tax burden data indicate that an increasing proportion of Latinos within states is associ…
Disparate Impact? Race, Sex, and Credit Reports in Hiring
Half of U.S. employers consider credit history when deciding whom to hire. The practice has become a contentious policy issue, with multiple jurisdictions limiting the use of credit reports in employment. Yet to date, there has been no test of how the introduction of credit history influences the way employers make decisions. Recent qualitative research finds that employers evaluate credit reports in contingent and person-specific ways, which ope…
Early-life Medicaid Coverage and Intergenerational Economic Mobility
New data reveal significant variation in economic mobility outcomes across U.S. localities. This suggests that social structures, institutions, and public policies—particularly those that influence critical early-life environments—play an important role in shaping mobility processes. Using new county-level estimates of intergenerational economic mobility for children born between 1980 and 1986, we exploit the uneven expansions of Medicaid eligibi…
Fiscal Impoverishment in Rich Democracies
This article introduces fiscal impoverishment as a framework for comparative poverty research. We invert standard analyses of welfare state policy and household poverty by focusing not on poverty alleviation but poverty creation and exacerbation. Using harmonized household survey data, we show how the income and payroll taxes most rich countries rely on to finance the public sector serve to push households (further) into poverty. We estimate that…
Paternal Incarceration and Teachers' Expectations of Students
In the past 40 years, paternal imprisonment has been transformed from an event affecting only the most unfortunate children to one that one in four African American children experience. Although research speculates that the stigma, strain, and separation resulting from paternal incarceration cause the poor outcomes of children of incarcerated fathers, evidence regarding these mechanisms is lacking. In this article, we use an experimental vignette…
Redistribution and the New Fiscal Sociology: Race and the Progressivity of State and Local Taxes
States redistribute wealth through two mechanisms: spending and taxation. Yet studies of the social determinants of redistribution typically focus exclusively on government spending. This article explores how one determinant of social spending-racial composition-influences preferences for, and the structure of, tax systems. First, analyses of state and local tax burden data indicate that an increasing proportion of Latinos within states is associ…
Early-life Medicaid Coverage and Intergenerational Economic Mobility
New data reveal significant variation in economic mobility outcomes across U.S. localities. This suggests that social structures, institutions, and public policies—particularly those that influence critical early-life environments—play an important role in shaping mobility processes. Using new county-level estimates of intergenerational economic mobility for children born between 1980 and 1986, we exploit the uneven expansions of Medicaid eligibi…
Disparate Impact? Race, Sex, and Credit Reports in Hiring
Half of U.S. employers consider credit history when deciding whom to hire. The practice has become a contentious policy issue, with multiple jurisdictions limiting the use of credit reports in employment. Yet to date, there has been no test of how the introduction of credit history influences the way employers make decisions. Recent qualitative research finds that employers evaluate credit reports in contingent and person-specific ways, which ope…
Fiscal Impoverishment in Rich Democracies
This article introduces fiscal impoverishment as a framework for comparative poverty research. We invert standard analyses of welfare state policy and household poverty by focusing not on poverty alleviation but poverty creation and exacerbation. Using harmonized household survey data, we show how the income and payroll taxes most rich countries rely on to finance the public sector serve to push households (further) into poverty. We estimate that…
Demographic economics (4 works) · Economics (4 works) · Political science (4 works) · Economic growth (2 works) · Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies (2 works) · Poverty (2 works) · Psychology (2 works) · Public economics (2 works) · Sociology (2 works) · Actuarial science (1 works)