Israel Carmi
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4185042 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Israel Carmi |
| PRENOMES | Israel |
| SOBRENOME | Carmi |
| ASSINATURA | CARMI I |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Weizmann Institute of Science |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1897-2345 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 143 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1984 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Radiocarbon Dates fromḤorbat Ḥani (West)
Radiocarbon Dating of Samples from the Village at ‘En Gedi
Determination of Age Using the 14C Method on Archaeobotanical Samples from Ashqelon, Afridar—Area E
The Yarkon-Taninim Aquifer (Judea Group Israel)
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) conclusively demonstrates that the very important Yarkon-Tanininm aquifer, named after the two springs where the drainage presumably occurs, is in actuality two distinct aquifers—Upper and Lower. The springs have higher 14 C activities than the exploitation wells that surround them (all drilled into the Upper aquifer). The springs are situated at faults that allow the Lower aquifer water to rise due to its higher pieziometric …
Dynamics of Water Soil Storage in the Unsaturated Zone of a Sand Dune in a Semi-Arid Region Traced by Humidity and Carbon Isotopes
A 22 m sediment core was collected from the unsaturated zone (USZ) in the dunes south of Ashdod, Israel, in a low rainfall year, following an even lower-rainfall year. The mineralogy of was quartz with some clay and carbonate. The local climate is semi-arid. The roots of the sparse vegetation can reach ~8 m. The porosity was ~40–55%. The DIC ranged from 2 to 13 mmole C/L. Large variability is noted in the soil moisture, with a maximum at the high…
Variations in Soil CO2 Concentrations and Isotopic Values in a Semi-Arid Region Due to Biotic and Abiotic Processes in the Unsaturated Zone
A study of CO 2 in soil gas was conducted in a bare plot in the unsaturated zone (USZ) of Yatir Forest, northern Negev, Israel. In 2006, 6 tubes for sampling of soil gas were inserted into the USZ to depths of 30, 60, 90, 120, 200, and 240 cm. Profiles of soil gas in the USZ were collected from the tubes 5 times between October 2007 and September 2008. Measurements of the collected profiles of soil gas were of CO 2 (ppm), 13 C (), and 14 C (). At…
The Tel Bet Yerah Excavations, 1994-1995
Precision and accuracy in applied 14C dating
A Direct Estimate of the Initial Concentration of 14 C in the Mountain Aquifer of Israel
Five radiocarbon analyses were performed on 5 different sources within Soreq Cave, which was used as a model for the Judea Group Aquifer of Israel ( pMC q0 ). The transit time of rainwater through the roof of the cave to sources within it had been determined with tritium. From this information, the year of deposition of rain on the roof of the cave, which later appeared in one of the sources, was estimated and the atmospheric 14 C concentration a…
How reliable are radiocarbon laboratories? A report on the Fourth International Radiocarbon Inter-comparison (Firi) (1998-2001)
Radiocarbon laboratories undertake rigorous programmes of internal quality control (QC) and overall quality assurance (QA). In a laboratory "inter-comparison" samples of the same age are dated at different laboratories using a range of techniques and the results are then compared. The authors summarise the results of the fourth of these scientific audits
Are the 14 C Dates of the Dead Sea Scrolls Affected by Castor Oil Contamination
The paper “The effects of possible contamination on the radiocarbon dates of the Dead Sea Scrolls I: castor oil” by Rasmussen et al. (2001) is discussed. Detailed analysis of the extant dates of the Dead Sea Scrolls suggests that the pretreatment of the samples was adequate. Errors and omissions in the paper are discussed and the implications of the experiment of Rasmussen et al. (2001) are questioned
Late Holocene Climatic Change in the Balkans
A detailed profile of the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen was obtained from a speleothem (stalagmite) from the Ceremosjna Cave in eastern Serbia. The stalagmite is a low magnesian calcite that did not show any evidence of diagenetic alteration. It was precipitated under isotopic equilibrium conditions from dripping water. The age and rate of deposition was derived from six internally consistent radiocarbon dates. The initial 14 C activity wa…
From the Guest Editor
From the 17th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Jerusalem, Isreal, June 18-23, 2000
Settlement Patterns in the Southern Levant Deserts During the 6th–3rd Millennia BC
Archaeological surveys conducted in the Negev and Sinai during the 20th century were commonly interpreted as representing short settlement periods interrupted by long gaps. The time factor was usually based on archaeological estimates rather than comprehensive physical dating. For example, the perceived age and time duration of “hole-mouth” pottery sherds and tabular flint scrapers became a source of circular reasoning to “date” sites and their “…
Radiocarbon Dates from Iron Age Strata at Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov
We discuss the significance of 32 radiocarbon dates from the archaeological sites of Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov in northern Israel. All dates are from Iron Age I and II archaeological contexts (12th–8th centuries BCE). Most of the dates were done on short-lived samples (seeds and olive pits), while some are on charred timber. The samples are organized in several homogeneous clusters according to their context. This series is one of the largest …
Calibration of Lacustrine Sediment Ages Using the Relationship Between 14 C Levels in Lake Waters and in the Atmosphere
The source of endogenic organic and inorganic carbon in lacustrine sediments is the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the lake water. The relation between the radiocarbon levels of DIC in Lake Kinneret and of CO 2 in the atmosphere has been investigated. The ratio of the former to the latter was found to be 0.814 ± 0.013. This ratio is used for calibrating the age of the sediment according to the natural fluctuations in the atmospheric levels o…
A Holocene millennial-scale climatic cycle from a speleothem in Nahal Qanah Cave, Israel
Nahal Qanah Cave, located in the east Mediterranean region, has been inhabited by humans during several periods of the Holocene. These well-dated cultures are used here to establish the age of a speleothem growing over archaeological remains. d 18 O and d 13 C from a stalagmite through the last 6000 years display a 1000–2000-year cycle. Depleted d 18 O and d 13 C value correlate well with high Dead Sea levels and increased arboreal pollen, sugges…
Appendix 3
Conference Participants
From the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Gronigen, Netherlands, June 16-20, 1997
Dating a Chalcolithic Burial Cave in Peqi'in, Upper Galilee, Israel
In May 1995 an impressive karstic cave possessing dozens of burials dating to the main phase of the Chalcolithic Period ( ca. 4500–3500 bce) was discovered in Peqi'in in the high hills of Galilee in northern Israel. It was subsequently excavated over the course of the following months. The large amount of unique ceramic ossuaries and the variety of burial offerings shed light, for the first time, on this critical societal development period in a …
An Attempt at Absolute 14 C Dating
The accepted state-of-the-art 14 C dating method relies on calibration curves to determine initial 14 C levels in a sample. The paper reconsiders the basis of 14 C dating and offers a possible alternative that eliminates the need to employ calibration curves. The idea is to measure the level of radiogenic nitrogen atoms retained in the sample molecules after 14 C β-decay. The practicality of this alternative method still has to be proven
C and 234 U-Excess Dating of Groundwater in the Haifa Bay Region Israel
Radiocarbon activities and uranium isotopic disequilibria were measured in water samples from both the sandy Pleistocene coastal aquifer and within the upper Cretaceous Judea Group carbonate aquifer of northwestern Israel. The samples in both aquifers exhibit a decrease in 14 C activity that is concomitant to the growth in 234 U-excess. This suggests that under specific conditions, 234 U-excess dating of groundwater can be used to corroborate 14 …
Radiocarbon dating of Ohalo II
Conference Participants
This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries
C Dating of an Israelite Biblical Site at Kuntillet Ajrud (Horvat Teman)
The Israelite site of Kuntillet Ajrud in northern Sinai contains unique drawings and inscriptions in ancient Hebrew and Phoenician. It is a single-phase site dated archaeologically to ca. 800 bce. We considered this site a good test case for comparing archaeological with 14 C datings. The dates are in agreement, confirming that 14 C dating is useful in dating Iron-Age II sites
Radiocarbon dating of Ohalo II
Radiocarbon Dating of Fourteen Dead Sea Scrolls
The name Dead Sea Scrolls refers to some 1200 manuscripts found in caves in the hills on the western shore of the Dead Sea during the last 45 years. They range in size from small fragments to complete books from the holy scriptures (the Old Testament). The manuscripts also include uncanonized sectarian books, letters and commercial documents, written on papyrus and parchment. In only a few cases, direct information on the date of writing was foun…
The Holocene climatic record of the salt caves of Mount Sedom Israel
Mount Sedom is a salt diapir, on the southwestern shore of the Dead Sea, which has been rising above the local base level throughout the Holocene. Karst development within the salt body has kept pace with the rise forming subhorizontal cave passages with vertical shafts. Wood fragments found embedded in flood sediments that were deposited in the cave passages yielded 14C ages ranging from c. 7100 to 200 BP. A palaeoclimatic sequence was construct…
Settlement Patterns in the Southern Levant Deserts During the 6th–3rd Millennia BC
Archaeological surveys conducted in the Negev and Sinai during the 20th century were commonly interpreted as representing short settlement periods interrupted by long gaps. The time factor was usually based on archaeological estimates rather than comprehensive physical dating. For example, the perceived age and time duration of “hole-mouth” pottery sherds and tabular flint scrapers became a source of circular reasoning to “date” sites and their “…
Radiocarbon Dates from Iron Age Strata at Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov
We discuss the significance of 32 radiocarbon dates from the archaeological sites of Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov in northern Israel. All dates are from Iron Age I and II archaeological contexts (12th–8th centuries BCE). Most of the dates were done on short-lived samples (seeds and olive pits), while some are on charred timber. The samples are organized in several homogeneous clusters according to their context. This series is one of the largest …
Rehovot Radiocarbon Measurements IV
The following list consists of dates of archaeological samples, obtained by gas-proportional counting of ethane, between 1985 and the end of 1991. During this time a close cooperation has been established with the Israel Antiquities Authority, which now has an archaeologist (D.S.) participating in the operation of the lab and serving as a liaison officer with the archaeological community
Calibration of Lacustrine Sediment Ages Using the Relationship Between 14 C Levels in Lake Waters and in the Atmosphere
The source of endogenic organic and inorganic carbon in lacustrine sediments is the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the lake water. The relation between the radiocarbon levels of DIC in Lake Kinneret and of CO 2 in the atmosphere has been investigated. The ratio of the former to the latter was found to be 0.814 ± 0.013. This ratio is used for calibrating the age of the sediment according to the natural fluctuations in the atmospheric levels o…
Rehovot Radiocarbon Measurements III
This list contains results obtained between 1981 and 1985. Since the first description of the laboratory (Carmi, Noter & Schlesinger, 1971) the following changes were made. Two proportional counters are now used: 1) 0.5L volume, 0.865 ± 0.023 cpm background, 12.830 ± .134 cpm NBS oxalic acid standard (old); 2) 0.25L volume, 0.484 ± 0.023 cpm background, 6.185 ± .123 cpm NBS oxalic acid standard (old). The passive shield has been increased by 2cm …
Dating the Prehistoric Site Nahalissaron in the Southern Negev, Israel
The prehistoric site Nahal Issaron is located on the alluvial fan of Nahal Issaron, a short wadi draining into Biqat Uvda some 50 km north of Eilat. Excavated in the early 1980s, it constitutes a major Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) layer, with continued but sporadic occupation throughout the Late Neolithic to the Chalcolithic period. In the PPNB layer, a dense agglomeration of rounded, polygonal and rectangular structures was found, with courtya…
The Effect of Atmospheric 14 C Variations on the 14 C Levels in the Jordan River System
13 C and 14 C were measured in the upper Jordan River, in its tributaries which issue from the Mount Hermon aquifer, and in the local atmospheric CO 2 to evaluate the degree to which changes in the atmospheric 14 C levels influence the 14 C levels in the aquifer and in the Jordan River. The exchange fraction of CO 2 between the river and the atmosphere was calculated for fall 1983 with the two carbon isotopes and it is shown that the value obtain…
Are the 14 C Dates of the Dead Sea Scrolls Affected by Castor Oil Contamination
The paper “The effects of possible contamination on the radiocarbon dates of the Dead Sea Scrolls I: castor oil” by Rasmussen et al. (2001) is discussed. Detailed analysis of the extant dates of the Dead Sea Scrolls suggests that the pretreatment of the samples was adequate. Errors and omissions in the paper are discussed and the implications of the experiment of Rasmussen et al. (2001) are questioned
A Holocene millennial-scale climatic cycle from a speleothem in Nahal Qanah Cave, Israel
Nahal Qanah Cave, located in the east Mediterranean region, has been inhabited by humans during several periods of the Holocene. These well-dated cultures are used here to establish the age of a speleothem growing over archaeological remains. d 18 O and d 13 C from a stalagmite through the last 6000 years display a 1000–2000-year cycle. Depleted d 18 O and d 13 C value correlate well with high Dead Sea levels and increased arboreal pollen, sugges…
Precision and accuracy in applied 14C dating
Dating a Chalcolithic Burial Cave in Peqi'in, Upper Galilee, Israel
In May 1995 an impressive karstic cave possessing dozens of burials dating to the main phase of the Chalcolithic Period ( ca. 4500–3500 bce) was discovered in Peqi'in in the high hills of Galilee in northern Israel. It was subsequently excavated over the course of the following months. The large amount of unique ceramic ossuaries and the variety of burial offerings shed light, for the first time, on this critical societal development period in a …
Radiocarbon—A Direct Calculation of the Period of the Grand Trend
A major collective effort was made to develop a data base for establishing the relationship between 14 C and calendric ages (Stuiver, 1982). The early “cosmic schwung” fit between the two ages (Suess, 1970a, p 310) and the 10,350 yr period of the grand trend (Suess, 1970b, p 596) have recently been replaced by the period of 12,100 yr (Suess, 1980). The period of the grand trend was estimated by correlating the data with an a priori postulated sin…
A Direct Estimate of the Initial Concentration of 14 C in the Mountain Aquifer of Israel
Five radiocarbon analyses were performed on 5 different sources within Soreq Cave, which was used as a model for the Judea Group Aquifer of Israel ( pMC q0 ). The transit time of rainwater through the roof of the cave to sources within it had been determined with tritium. From this information, the year of deposition of rain on the roof of the cave, which later appeared in one of the sources, was estimated and the atmospheric 14 C concentration a…
How reliable are radiocarbon laboratories? A report on the Fourth International Radiocarbon Inter-comparison (Firi) (1998-2001)
Radiocarbon laboratories undertake rigorous programmes of internal quality control (QC) and overall quality assurance (QA). In a laboratory "inter-comparison" samples of the same age are dated at different laboratories using a range of techniques and the results are then compared. The authors summarise the results of the fourth of these scientific audits
Late Holocene Climatic Change in the Balkans
A detailed profile of the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen was obtained from a speleothem (stalagmite) from the Ceremosjna Cave in eastern Serbia. The stalagmite is a low magnesian calcite that did not show any evidence of diagenetic alteration. It was precipitated under isotopic equilibrium conditions from dripping water. The age and rate of deposition was derived from six internally consistent radiocarbon dates. The initial 14 C activity wa…
Conference Participants
From the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Gronigen, Netherlands, June 16-20, 1997
An Attempt at Absolute 14 C Dating
The accepted state-of-the-art 14 C dating method relies on calibration curves to determine initial 14 C levels in a sample. The paper reconsiders the basis of 14 C dating and offers a possible alternative that eliminates the need to employ calibration curves. The idea is to measure the level of radiogenic nitrogen atoms retained in the sample molecules after 14 C β-decay. The practicality of this alternative method still has to be proven
Radiocarbon—A Direct Calculation of the Period of the Grand Trend
A major collective effort was made to develop a data base for establishing the relationship between 14 C and calendric ages (Stuiver, 1982). The early “cosmic schwung” fit between the two ages (Suess, 1970a, p 310) and the 10,350 yr period of the grand trend (Suess, 1970b, p 596) have recently been replaced by the period of 12,100 yr (Suess, 1980). The period of the grand trend was estimated by correlating the data with an a priori postulated sin…
Amplitude of Sunspot-Dependent Radiocarbon Variations
It has been suggested that the sunspot cycle modulates the production rate of radionuclides in the atmosphere and that these modulations can be traced in various parts of the earth surface system. On the basis of a theoretical analysis, Damon, Sternberg, and Radnell (1983) have concluded that the effects of the 11-yr cycle of sunspots should be observable in 14 C data provided the measurements are done at a 2 permil (sd) level. This conclusion is…
The Effect of Atmospheric 14 C Variations on the 14 C Levels in the Jordan River System
13 C and 14 C were measured in the upper Jordan River, in its tributaries which issue from the Mount Hermon aquifer, and in the local atmospheric CO 2 to evaluate the degree to which changes in the atmospheric 14 C levels influence the 14 C levels in the aquifer and in the Jordan River. The exchange fraction of CO 2 between the river and the atmosphere was calculated for fall 1983 with the two carbon isotopes and it is shown that the value obtain…
Rehovot Radiocarbon Measurements III
This list contains results obtained between 1981 and 1985. Since the first description of the laboratory (Carmi, Noter & Schlesinger, 1971) the following changes were made. Two proportional counters are now used: 1) 0.5L volume, 0.865 ± 0.023 cpm background, 12.830 ± .134 cpm NBS oxalic acid standard (old); 2) 0.25L volume, 0.484 ± 0.023 cpm background, 6.185 ± .123 cpm NBS oxalic acid standard (old). The passive shield has been increased by 2cm …
C Dates of Samples from an Underwater Site in Kefar Samir
The Holocene climatic record of the salt caves of Mount Sedom Israel
Mount Sedom is a salt diapir, on the southwestern shore of the Dead Sea, which has been rising above the local base level throughout the Holocene. Karst development within the salt body has kept pace with the rise forming subhorizontal cave passages with vertical shafts. Wood fragments found embedded in flood sediments that were deposited in the cave passages yielded 14C ages ranging from c. 7100 to 200 BP. A palaeoclimatic sequence was construct…
New Discoveries at the Middle Pleistocene Acheulian Site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel
The Gesher Benot Ya'aqov archaeological site in the northern Dead Sea Rift of Israel contains Acheulian artifacts and middle Pleistocene fossils. Initial results of a new interdisciplinary study have shown that fluviolacustrine sediments of the Benot Ya'aqov Formation, which contains several archaeological occupations, were deposited in an embayment of the Hula Basin. They were subsequently deformed by tectonic activity associated with the Dead S…
Epipalaeolithic (19,000 BP) cereal and fruit diet at Ohalo II, Sea of Galilee, Israel
Participants
From the 14th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Tucson, AZ, May 20-24, 1991
Rehovot Radiocarbon Measurements IV
The following list consists of dates of archaeological samples, obtained by gas-proportional counting of ethane, between 1985 and the end of 1991. During this time a close cooperation has been established with the Israel Antiquities Authority, which now has an archaeologist (D.S.) participating in the operation of the lab and serving as a liaison officer with the archaeological community
Radiocarbon Dating of Fourteen Dead Sea Scrolls
The name Dead Sea Scrolls refers to some 1200 manuscripts found in caves in the hills on the western shore of the Dead Sea during the last 45 years. They range in size from small fragments to complete books from the holy scriptures (the Old Testament). The manuscripts also include uncanonized sectarian books, letters and commercial documents, written on papyrus and parchment. In only a few cases, direct information on the date of writing was foun…
C Dates of Olive Stones from an Underwater Site at Kfar Samir
Israel Carmi, Dror Segal, 14 C Dates of Olive Stones from an Underwater Site at Kfar Samir, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך כ"ו (תשנ"ה / 1994-5), pp. 146-147
Dating the Prehistoric Site Nahalissaron in the Southern Negev, Israel
The prehistoric site Nahal Issaron is located on the alluvial fan of Nahal Issaron, a short wadi draining into Biqat Uvda some 50 km north of Eilat. Excavated in the early 1980s, it constitutes a major Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) layer, with continued but sporadic occupation throughout the Late Neolithic to the Chalcolithic period. In the PPNB layer, a dense agglomeration of rounded, polygonal and rectangular structures was found, with courtya…
Radiocarbon dating of Ohalo II
Conference Participants
This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries
C Dating of an Israelite Biblical Site at Kuntillet Ajrud (Horvat Teman)
The Israelite site of Kuntillet Ajrud in northern Sinai contains unique drawings and inscriptions in ancient Hebrew and Phoenician. It is a single-phase site dated archaeologically to ca. 800 bce. We considered this site a good test case for comparing archaeological with 14 C datings. The dates are in agreement, confirming that 14 C dating is useful in dating Iron-Age II sites
Conference Participants
From the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Gronigen, Netherlands, June 16-20, 1997
Dating a Chalcolithic Burial Cave in Peqi'in, Upper Galilee, Israel
In May 1995 an impressive karstic cave possessing dozens of burials dating to the main phase of the Chalcolithic Period ( ca. 4500–3500 bce) was discovered in Peqi'in in the high hills of Galilee in northern Israel. It was subsequently excavated over the course of the following months. The large amount of unique ceramic ossuaries and the variety of burial offerings shed light, for the first time, on this critical societal development period in a …
An Attempt at Absolute 14 C Dating
The accepted state-of-the-art 14 C dating method relies on calibration curves to determine initial 14 C levels in a sample. The paper reconsiders the basis of 14 C dating and offers a possible alternative that eliminates the need to employ calibration curves. The idea is to measure the level of radiogenic nitrogen atoms retained in the sample molecules after 14 C β-decay. The practicality of this alternative method still has to be proven
C and 234 U-Excess Dating of Groundwater in the Haifa Bay Region Israel
Radiocarbon activities and uranium isotopic disequilibria were measured in water samples from both the sandy Pleistocene coastal aquifer and within the upper Cretaceous Judea Group carbonate aquifer of northwestern Israel. The samples in both aquifers exhibit a decrease in 14 C activity that is concomitant to the growth in 234 U-excess. This suggests that under specific conditions, 234 U-excess dating of groundwater can be used to corroborate 14 …
Appendix 3
A Holocene millennial-scale climatic cycle from a speleothem in Nahal Qanah Cave, Israel
Nahal Qanah Cave, located in the east Mediterranean region, has been inhabited by humans during several periods of the Holocene. These well-dated cultures are used here to establish the age of a speleothem growing over archaeological remains. d 18 O and d 13 C from a stalagmite through the last 6000 years display a 1000–2000-year cycle. Depleted d 18 O and d 13 C value correlate well with high Dead Sea levels and increased arboreal pollen, sugges…
Late Holocene Climatic Change in the Balkans
A detailed profile of the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen was obtained from a speleothem (stalagmite) from the Ceremosjna Cave in eastern Serbia. The stalagmite is a low magnesian calcite that did not show any evidence of diagenetic alteration. It was precipitated under isotopic equilibrium conditions from dripping water. The age and rate of deposition was derived from six internally consistent radiocarbon dates. The initial 14 C activity wa…
From the Guest Editor
From the 17th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Jerusalem, Isreal, June 18-23, 2000
Settlement Patterns in the Southern Levant Deserts During the 6th–3rd Millennia BC
Archaeological surveys conducted in the Negev and Sinai during the 20th century were commonly interpreted as representing short settlement periods interrupted by long gaps. The time factor was usually based on archaeological estimates rather than comprehensive physical dating. For example, the perceived age and time duration of “hole-mouth” pottery sherds and tabular flint scrapers became a source of circular reasoning to “date” sites and their “…
Geology (29 obras) · Radiocarbon dating (26 obras) · Archaeology (23 obras) · Geography (21 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (17 obras) · Paleontology (17 obras) · Archaeology and Historical Studies (11 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (11 obras) · Chemistry (10 obras) · Environmental Science (8 obras)