Ghashia Kiyani
Biographic Data
| ID | 4186916 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ghashia Kiyani |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ghashia |
| FAMILY NAME | Kiyani |
| SIGNATURE | KIYANI G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Western Illinois University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1197-5642 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 12 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 19 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 12 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Civil-Military Relations and Heterogeneity in Foreign Military Force
The relationship between domestic civil-military relations and the use of foreign military force has long been debated. Unfortunately, mixed findings in cross-national studies have added little clarity to our understanding to date. We argue that past scholarship overlooks something fundamental in the relationship and, further, we present a new theoretical lens to help to fill this gap. We contend that measures of civil-military contestation like …
Quantifying women’s rights naming and shaming: A novel text-as-data approach
Rivalry, insurgency, and pro-government militias in authoritarian states
It has long been understood that pro-government militia activity and pro-government militia violence increase during civil war. Recent literature contends that pro-government militia activity also rises when a state is involved in an interstate rivalry. We maintain that the combination of these two threats may, somewhat counterintuitively, result in reduced pro-government militia activity in some autocracies. This unexpected outcome can be explai…
Civil-Military Relations and Domestic Terrorism
Civil-military relations and terrorism are both extensively studied subjects. Their relationship has, however, yet to be examined. We maintain that public conflict between the civilian and the military leadership in a country and declining civil control over the armed forces may often precipitate a rise in domestic terror events. Civil-military conflict and reduced civilian control can lead to agency slack by the armed forces and ineffective coun…
Economic Sanctions and Civil-Military Relations in Target Countries
How do economic sanctions affect civil-military relations in targeted states? Though much research has focused on how external military threats affect civil-military relations, no study to date has offered a thorough assessment of the degree to which non-military threats, particularly sanctions, alter civil-military dynamics. We posit that sanctions alter civil-military bargaining in ways that increase the military's role in political decision-ma…
Shifting police strategies: US aid and repression by public safety institutions in Latin America
This article studies the international determinants of extrajudicial police killings in Latin America. Human rights violations by security forces are a problem that has plagued Latin American countries, despite broad democratization efforts in the region. Addressing the problem requires a better understanding of the processes that underlie it. Although existing literature has explored the determinants of police repression in Latin America through…
Civilian Control, Civil-Military Friction, and Foreign Military Intervention
The relationship between domestic civil-military relations and the use of foreign military force has been long debated. The two primary perspectives on the issue, civilian conservatism and military conservatism, are antithetical. The former maintains that military authorities are more likely to advocate for the use of military force than civilian counterparts, while the latter advances the opposite argument. Empirical research to date has added l…
New evidence that naming and shaming influences state human rights practices
To what extent does naming and shaming influence state respect for human rights? Although many countries and international human rights organizations strategically name and shame states with the hope of deterring human rights abuses, prior empirical work on these strategies has disagreed about their effectiveness. In this article, we reinvestigate this theoretically important question. We take a new approach to examining how naming and shaming in…
Civil-Military Relations and Human Rights
Do civil-military relations influence human rights practices? Building on principal-agent theory, we argue that civilian-military relations, instead of having an effect on mean levels of repression, will be associated with the dispersion in human rights practices. States where there is less control of the military or more conflict between civilian and military leadership will see a wider range of human rights practices. We test our hypotheses qua…
US aid and substitution of human rights violations
This paper examines the relationship between US aid and human rights violations in autocracies. It argues that autocratic leaders do not want to lose aid owing to their poor human rights records, and yet at the same time, cannot completely stop their rights violations because they often come into power through force. In this situation, the leader acts strategically by substituting the visible rights violations for invisible ones. However, substit…
Coup-proofing and political violence: The case of Iraq
This article examines the impact of coup-proofing on political violence while a leader is in power and during regime transition. This study focuses on the case of Iraq during Saddam Hussein’s rule between 1979-2003 and including the aftermath of the 2003 US invasion, which led to Saddam’s removal from power. The article argues that Saddam Hussein’s coup-proofing strategies allowed him to implement political violence and human rights abuses agains…
Unintended Restrictions: Women’s Rights Ingos and Women’s Civil Society Restrictions
New evidence that naming and shaming influences state human rights practices
To what extent does naming and shaming influence state respect for human rights? Although many countries and international human rights organizations strategically name and shame states with the hope of deterring human rights abuses, prior empirical work on these strategies has disagreed about their effectiveness. In this article, we reinvestigate this theoretically important question. We take a new approach to examining how naming and shaming in…
Civil-Military Relations and Domestic Terrorism
Civil-military relations and terrorism are both extensively studied subjects. Their relationship has, however, yet to be examined. We maintain that public conflict between the civilian and the military leadership in a country and declining civil control over the armed forces may often precipitate a rise in domestic terror events. Civil-military conflict and reduced civilian control can lead to agency slack by the armed forces and ineffective coun…
US aid and substitution of human rights violations
This paper examines the relationship between US aid and human rights violations in autocracies. It argues that autocratic leaders do not want to lose aid owing to their poor human rights records, and yet at the same time, cannot completely stop their rights violations because they often come into power through force. In this situation, the leader acts strategically by substituting the visible rights violations for invisible ones. However, substit…
Shifting police strategies: US aid and repression by public safety institutions in Latin America
This article studies the international determinants of extrajudicial police killings in Latin America. Human rights violations by security forces are a problem that has plagued Latin American countries, despite broad democratization efforts in the region. Addressing the problem requires a better understanding of the processes that underlie it. Although existing literature has explored the determinants of police repression in Latin America through…
Civil-Military Relations and Human Rights
Do civil-military relations influence human rights practices? Building on principal-agent theory, we argue that civilian-military relations, instead of having an effect on mean levels of repression, will be associated with the dispersion in human rights practices. States where there is less control of the military or more conflict between civilian and military leadership will see a wider range of human rights practices. We test our hypotheses qua…
Quantifying women’s rights naming and shaming: A novel text-as-data approach
Economic Sanctions and Civil-Military Relations in Target Countries
How do economic sanctions affect civil-military relations in targeted states? Though much research has focused on how external military threats affect civil-military relations, no study to date has offered a thorough assessment of the degree to which non-military threats, particularly sanctions, alter civil-military dynamics. We posit that sanctions alter civil-military bargaining in ways that increase the military's role in political decision-ma…
Coup-proofing and political violence: The case of Iraq
This article examines the impact of coup-proofing on political violence while a leader is in power and during regime transition. This study focuses on the case of Iraq during Saddam Hussein’s rule between 1979-2003 and including the aftermath of the 2003 US invasion, which led to Saddam’s removal from power. The article argues that Saddam Hussein’s coup-proofing strategies allowed him to implement political violence and human rights abuses agains…
Unintended Restrictions: Women’s Rights Ingos and Women’s Civil Society Restrictions
Unintended Restrictions: Women’s Rights Ingos and Women’s Civil Society Restrictions
US aid and substitution of human rights violations
This paper examines the relationship between US aid and human rights violations in autocracies. It argues that autocratic leaders do not want to lose aid owing to their poor human rights records, and yet at the same time, cannot completely stop their rights violations because they often come into power through force. In this situation, the leader acts strategically by substituting the visible rights violations for invisible ones. However, substit…
Coup-proofing and political violence: The case of Iraq
This article examines the impact of coup-proofing on political violence while a leader is in power and during regime transition. This study focuses on the case of Iraq during Saddam Hussein’s rule between 1979-2003 and including the aftermath of the 2003 US invasion, which led to Saddam’s removal from power. The article argues that Saddam Hussein’s coup-proofing strategies allowed him to implement political violence and human rights abuses agains…
New evidence that naming and shaming influences state human rights practices
To what extent does naming and shaming influence state respect for human rights? Although many countries and international human rights organizations strategically name and shame states with the hope of deterring human rights abuses, prior empirical work on these strategies has disagreed about their effectiveness. In this article, we reinvestigate this theoretically important question. We take a new approach to examining how naming and shaming in…
Civil-Military Relations and Human Rights
Do civil-military relations influence human rights practices? Building on principal-agent theory, we argue that civilian-military relations, instead of having an effect on mean levels of repression, will be associated with the dispersion in human rights practices. States where there is less control of the military or more conflict between civilian and military leadership will see a wider range of human rights practices. We test our hypotheses qua…
Shifting police strategies: US aid and repression by public safety institutions in Latin America
This article studies the international determinants of extrajudicial police killings in Latin America. Human rights violations by security forces are a problem that has plagued Latin American countries, despite broad democratization efforts in the region. Addressing the problem requires a better understanding of the processes that underlie it. Although existing literature has explored the determinants of police repression in Latin America through…
Civilian Control, Civil-Military Friction, and Foreign Military Intervention
The relationship between domestic civil-military relations and the use of foreign military force has been long debated. The two primary perspectives on the issue, civilian conservatism and military conservatism, are antithetical. The former maintains that military authorities are more likely to advocate for the use of military force than civilian counterparts, while the latter advances the opposite argument. Empirical research to date has added l…
Quantifying women’s rights naming and shaming: A novel text-as-data approach
Rivalry, insurgency, and pro-government militias in authoritarian states
It has long been understood that pro-government militia activity and pro-government militia violence increase during civil war. Recent literature contends that pro-government militia activity also rises when a state is involved in an interstate rivalry. We maintain that the combination of these two threats may, somewhat counterintuitively, result in reduced pro-government militia activity in some autocracies. This unexpected outcome can be explai…
Civil-Military Relations and Domestic Terrorism
Civil-military relations and terrorism are both extensively studied subjects. Their relationship has, however, yet to be examined. We maintain that public conflict between the civilian and the military leadership in a country and declining civil control over the armed forces may often precipitate a rise in domestic terror events. Civil-military conflict and reduced civilian control can lead to agency slack by the armed forces and ineffective coun…
Economic Sanctions and Civil-Military Relations in Target Countries
How do economic sanctions affect civil-military relations in targeted states? Though much research has focused on how external military threats affect civil-military relations, no study to date has offered a thorough assessment of the degree to which non-military threats, particularly sanctions, alter civil-military dynamics. We posit that sanctions alter civil-military bargaining in ways that increase the military's role in political decision-ma…
Civil-Military Relations and Heterogeneity in Foreign Military Force
The relationship between domestic civil-military relations and the use of foreign military force has long been debated. Unfortunately, mixed findings in cross-national studies have added little clarity to our understanding to date. We argue that past scholarship overlooks something fundamental in the relationship and, further, we present a new theoretical lens to help to fill this gap. We contend that measures of civil-military contestation like …
Political science (10 works) · Law (9 works) · Political Conflict and Governance (8 works) · Politics (8 works) · Economics (6 works) · Law (6 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Human rights (5 works) · Civil–military relations (4 works) · Management (4 works)