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Eric Rutger Leukfeldt

Biographic Data

ID4198678
NAMEEric Rutger Leukfeldt
GIVEN NAMESEric Rutger
FAMILY NAMELeukfeldt
SIGNATURELEUKFELDT E R
AFFILIATIONSThe Hague University of Applied Sciences
VERIFIEDNo
TOTAL WORKS9
TOTAL CITATIONS73
AUTHOR COUNT9
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2016
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX3
  • The psychological correlates of cybercrime offending

    Open Access•L M J Bekkers, Thomas J Holt et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Criminology•2026

    This study sought to explore the relationship between low self-control, social learning, and serious forms of cybercrime offending. Using general population survey data from 1240 Dutch young people, we ran a series of binary logistic regression models to estimate the role of various risk variables for engaging in four cyber-dependent crimes: guessing passwords, DoS/DDoS attacks, hacking with technological means, and website defacements. The analy…

  • Interest in booter services and distributed denial of service attacks

    Open Access•Asier Moneva, Rutger Leukfeldt et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Criminology•2025

    Cybercrime as a service is lowering the barrier to entry for crime. Aspiring criminals can access cybercrime services through the clear web using search engines. One such cybercrime service is booters, web platforms that offer affordable distributed denial of service attacks for hire. Law enforcement agencies have tried to counter this trend by running online ad campaigns on platforms like Google. For these campaigns to effectively divert and det…

  • The involvement mechanisms of cybercrime

    Open Access•L M J Bekkers, Remco Spithoven et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Criminology•2025

    Money muling is an urgent problem among young people. Money mules refer to individuals whose bank account is used to hide and launder the profits of financial-economic cybercrimes. They are key actors in the cybercriminal ecosystem. In order to add to the current body of knowledge and better understand and disrupt pathways into cybercrime, this study explores which individual factors relate to previous exposure to money mule recruiters. Drawing u…

  • Examining ransomware payment decision-making among small- and medium-sized enterprises

    Open Access•Sifra R Matthijsse, Asier Moneva et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Criminology•2025

    Ransomware is currently one of the most prominent cyberthreats for organizations. Small- and medium-sized enterprises are particularly vulnerable to ransomware victimization and more inclined toward paying the ransom. However, while a few studies have been conducted on victimization of ransomware, little is known about how small- and medium-sized enterprises respond to victimization and what factors contribute to the decision to pay the ransom. T…

  • Risk Profiles for Cybercrime Victimization

    M Susanne Van ‘t Hoff-De Goede, Asier Moneva et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2025•References: 66

  • Hacktivism

    Open Access•Marco Romagna, Rutger Leukfeldt et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2025•Cited by: 5•References: 42

  • Money Mules and Cybercrime Involvement Mechanisms

    Luuk Bekkers, Ynze Van Houten et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2023•Cited by: 7•References: 42

    Money mules play an essential role in the execution of financially-motivated cybercrimes. The bank accounts of money mules, who are often young individuals, are used to hide and launder stolen money, allowing members of cybercriminal networks to maintain their anonymity. In order to better understand the pathways that lead to cybercrime, this explorative study aims to map the experiences and perceptions of Dutch young people related to money muli…

  • Cybercrime on the menu? Examining cafeteria-style offending among financially motivated cybercriminals

    Open Access•Rutger Leukfeldt, Eric Rutger Leukfeldt et al.•ARTICLE•Computers in Human Behavior•2022

    Criminologists have frequently debated whether offenders are specialists, in that they consistently perform either one offense or similar offenses, or versatile by performing any crime based on opportunities and situational provocations. Such foundational research has yet to be developed regarding cybercrimes, or offenses enabled by computer technology and the Internet. This study address this issue using a sample of 37 offender networks. The res…

  • Applying Routine Activity Theory to Cybercrime

    Open Access•Rutger Leukfeldt, Eric Rutger Leukfeldt et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2016•Cited by: 61•References: 19

    The central question of this article is whether routine activity theory (RAT) can be used as an analytical framework to study cybercrimes. Both a theoretical analysis and an analysis of empirical studies have thus far failed to provide a clear answer. The multivariate analysis presented in this article tries to avoid some of the limitations of other RAT-based studies. Based on a large sample (N = 9,161), the effects of value, visibility, accessib…

  • Applying Routine Activity Theory to Cybercrime

    Open Access•Rutger Leukfeldt, Eric Rutger Leukfeldt et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2016•Cited by: 61•References: 19

    The central question of this article is whether routine activity theory (RAT) can be used as an analytical framework to study cybercrimes. Both a theoretical analysis and an analysis of empirical studies have thus far failed to provide a clear answer. The multivariate analysis presented in this article tries to avoid some of the limitations of other RAT-based studies. Based on a large sample (N = 9,161), the effects of value, visibility, accessib…

  • Money Mules and Cybercrime Involvement Mechanisms

    Luuk Bekkers, Ynze Van Houten et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2023•Cited by: 7•References: 42

    Money mules play an essential role in the execution of financially-motivated cybercrimes. The bank accounts of money mules, who are often young individuals, are used to hide and launder stolen money, allowing members of cybercriminal networks to maintain their anonymity. In order to better understand the pathways that lead to cybercrime, this explorative study aims to map the experiences and perceptions of Dutch young people related to money muli…

  • Hacktivism

    Open Access•Marco Romagna, Rutger Leukfeldt et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2025•Cited by: 5•References: 42

  • Applying Routine Activity Theory to Cybercrime

    Open Access•Rutger Leukfeldt, Eric Rutger Leukfeldt et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2016•Cited by: 61•References: 19

    The central question of this article is whether routine activity theory (RAT) can be used as an analytical framework to study cybercrimes. Both a theoretical analysis and an analysis of empirical studies have thus far failed to provide a clear answer. The multivariate analysis presented in this article tries to avoid some of the limitations of other RAT-based studies. Based on a large sample (N = 9,161), the effects of value, visibility, accessib…

  • Cybercrime on the menu? Examining cafeteria-style offending among financially motivated cybercriminals

    Open Access•Rutger Leukfeldt, Eric Rutger Leukfeldt et al.•ARTICLE•Computers in Human Behavior•2022

    Criminologists have frequently debated whether offenders are specialists, in that they consistently perform either one offense or similar offenses, or versatile by performing any crime based on opportunities and situational provocations. Such foundational research has yet to be developed regarding cybercrimes, or offenses enabled by computer technology and the Internet. This study address this issue using a sample of 37 offender networks. The res…

  • Money Mules and Cybercrime Involvement Mechanisms

    Luuk Bekkers, Ynze Van Houten et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2023•Cited by: 7•References: 42

    Money mules play an essential role in the execution of financially-motivated cybercrimes. The bank accounts of money mules, who are often young individuals, are used to hide and launder stolen money, allowing members of cybercriminal networks to maintain their anonymity. In order to better understand the pathways that lead to cybercrime, this explorative study aims to map the experiences and perceptions of Dutch young people related to money muli…

  • Interest in booter services and distributed denial of service attacks

    Open Access•Asier Moneva, Rutger Leukfeldt et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Criminology•2025

    Cybercrime as a service is lowering the barrier to entry for crime. Aspiring criminals can access cybercrime services through the clear web using search engines. One such cybercrime service is booters, web platforms that offer affordable distributed denial of service attacks for hire. Law enforcement agencies have tried to counter this trend by running online ad campaigns on platforms like Google. For these campaigns to effectively divert and det…

  • The involvement mechanisms of cybercrime

    Open Access•L M J Bekkers, Remco Spithoven et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Criminology•2025

    Money muling is an urgent problem among young people. Money mules refer to individuals whose bank account is used to hide and launder the profits of financial-economic cybercrimes. They are key actors in the cybercriminal ecosystem. In order to add to the current body of knowledge and better understand and disrupt pathways into cybercrime, this study explores which individual factors relate to previous exposure to money mule recruiters. Drawing u…

  • Examining ransomware payment decision-making among small- and medium-sized enterprises

    Open Access•Sifra R Matthijsse, Asier Moneva et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Criminology•2025

    Ransomware is currently one of the most prominent cyberthreats for organizations. Small- and medium-sized enterprises are particularly vulnerable to ransomware victimization and more inclined toward paying the ransom. However, while a few studies have been conducted on victimization of ransomware, little is known about how small- and medium-sized enterprises respond to victimization and what factors contribute to the decision to pay the ransom. T…

  • Risk Profiles for Cybercrime Victimization

    M Susanne Van ‘t Hoff-De Goede, Asier Moneva et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2025•References: 66

  • Hacktivism

    Open Access•Marco Romagna, Rutger Leukfeldt et al.•ARTICLE•Deviant Behavior•2025•Cited by: 5•References: 42

  • The psychological correlates of cybercrime offending

    Open Access•L M J Bekkers, Thomas J Holt et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Criminology•2026

    This study sought to explore the relationship between low self-control, social learning, and serious forms of cybercrime offending. Using general population survey data from 1240 Dutch young people, we ran a series of binary logistic regression models to estimate the role of various risk variables for engaging in four cyber-dependent crimes: guessing passwords, DoS/DDoS attacks, hacking with technological means, and website defacements. The analy…

Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies (9 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Computer security (6 works) · Cybercrime (6 works) · Psychology (6 works) · The Internet (6 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (5 works) · Criminology (5 works) · Internet privacy (5 works) · World Wide Web (5 works)

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