Zarina I Vakhitova
Biographic Data
| ID | 4198876 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Zarina I Vakhitova |
| GIVEN NAMES | Zarina I |
| FAMILY NAME | Vakhitova |
| SIGNATURE | VAKHITOVA Z I |
| AFFILIATIONS | Monash University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2708-4585 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 13 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 11 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 13 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
The Commercialization of Ransomware
Ransomware has evolved from opportunistic attacks into a sophisticated financial enterprise sustained by cryptocurrency markets, despite enforcement pressure. Drawing on the analysis of 525 ransomware strains (2013–2025), we identify three eras: Spray-and-Prey (2013–2018; fragmented payment practices), Big Game Hunting (2018–2021; targeting high-value organizations), and Ransom Bazaar (2021–present; financialized, service-oriented extortion). The…
Ransomware, Emotions, and the Decision to Pay
Ransomware victims must decide quickly whether to pay, yet the emotional dynamics of this decision are not well understood. We report the results of a pre-registered between subjects vignette experiment with a nationwide U.S. adult sample testing how ransomware notes shape such emotions as fear, anger, guilt, and shame, and how these responses relate to stated willingness to pay. Participants were randomly assigned to a neutral policy frame, or a…
Content Moderation and Community Standards
Moderating harmful and offensive content on social media is challenging for digital platforms that seek to balance regulation and censorship across a diverse user group. It is further complicated by discrepancies between platform policies, user expectations and user experiences. Informed by focus groups with 104 Australians aged 13–74 years, and a walkthrough analysis of three social media platforms, this article examines users' experiences repor…
Comparing Police Officers’ and Domestic Violence Victims’ Perspectives on Body-Worn Cameras
Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study explores the role of police body-worn cameras (BWCs) in enhancing domestic and family violence (DFV) policing. Data were collected from surveys administered to police officers in two Australian jurisdictions (N = 452) and a nationwide sample of DFV victims (N = 119), complemented by qualitative analysis of open-ended responses. Findings demonstrate that BWCs contribute to objective evidence collectio…
How police body-worn cameras can facilitate misidentification in domestic and family violence responses
Police body-worn camera (BWC) technologies—affixed to a vest, sunglasses or cap—are deployed by all Australian police agencies, including in frontline responses to domestic and family violence (DFV). This paper presents the findings from the first Australian study focused on how women DFV victim-survivors view and experience BWCs in police call-outs and legal proceedings. Informed by a national survey of 119 victim-survivors, it explores two key …
Examining cybercrime victimisation among Turkish women using routine activity theory
The merits and risks of body-worn camera footage in domestic and family violence incidents and legal proceedings
There has been significant investment by police agencies in the use of body-worn cameras (BWCs). Preliminary evidence suggests that when used in the context of domestic and family violence, BWC footage may strengthen evidential cases and prosecutions. There is, however, a paucity of research examining the merits of and risks posed by the use of BWC footage in DFV incidents and legal proceedings. Notably absent in much of the literature are the vi…
Tourism and Crime
It is widely acknowledged that tourists are particularly likely to be victimized, especially with regard to property crimes like theft from tourist accommodation (burglary). Guided by the criminal opportunity perspective, we examine the extent to which environmental and routine activities-related factors explain burglary using the data from a sample of Australian tourists ( N = 1,027). Bayesian variable selection with a stochastic search algorith…
Police Body-Worn Cameras as a Response to Domestic and Family Violence
Body-worn cameras (BWCs) have been promoted internationally to enhance responses to domestic and family violence (DFV). However, little is known about their utility, benefits, and limitations. Drawing upon the insights of DFV practitioners who support victim/survivors in the Australian states of Queensland and Western Australia, this article finds that while BWCs can capture some DFV incidents, they are unable to show their full context and impac…
Explaining Victim Impact from Cyber Abuse
Crime and deviance can have a significant and long-lasting effect on victims. While the literature on victim impact from traditional types of crime like robbery or assault is well established, much smaller scholarship examines the impact of online forms of deviance with only a handful of studies focusing on the experiences of adult victims. The current paper analyses the data from a sample of the U.S. adults (N= 746) using mixed methods to examin…
A script analysis of the role of athletes’ support networks as social facilitators in doping in sport
Changing perspectives on guardianship against crime
Offender–victim relationship and offender motivation in the context of indirect cyber abuse
Cyber abuse can be executed directly (e.g. by sending derogatory emails or text messages addressed to the victim) or indirectly (e.g. by posting derogatory, private or false information, documents, images or videos about the victim online). This exploratory, mixed-method triangulated study examines cyber abuse crime events with the goal of identifying factors associated with the increased risk of personal victimization from both direct and indire…
Explaining Victim Impact from Cyber Abuse
Crime and deviance can have a significant and long-lasting effect on victims. While the literature on victim impact from traditional types of crime like robbery or assault is well established, much smaller scholarship examines the impact of online forms of deviance with only a handful of studies focusing on the experiences of adult victims. The current paper analyses the data from a sample of the U.S. adults (N= 746) using mixed methods to examin…
Changing perspectives on guardianship against crime
A script analysis of the role of athletes’ support networks as social facilitators in doping in sport
A script analysis of the role of athletes’ support networks as social facilitators in doping in sport
Changing perspectives on guardianship against crime
Offender–victim relationship and offender motivation in the context of indirect cyber abuse
Cyber abuse can be executed directly (e.g. by sending derogatory emails or text messages addressed to the victim) or indirectly (e.g. by posting derogatory, private or false information, documents, images or videos about the victim online). This exploratory, mixed-method triangulated study examines cyber abuse crime events with the goal of identifying factors associated with the increased risk of personal victimization from both direct and indire…
Explaining Victim Impact from Cyber Abuse
Crime and deviance can have a significant and long-lasting effect on victims. While the literature on victim impact from traditional types of crime like robbery or assault is well established, much smaller scholarship examines the impact of online forms of deviance with only a handful of studies focusing on the experiences of adult victims. The current paper analyses the data from a sample of the U.S. adults (N= 746) using mixed methods to examin…
The merits and risks of body-worn camera footage in domestic and family violence incidents and legal proceedings
There has been significant investment by police agencies in the use of body-worn cameras (BWCs). Preliminary evidence suggests that when used in the context of domestic and family violence, BWC footage may strengthen evidential cases and prosecutions. There is, however, a paucity of research examining the merits of and risks posed by the use of BWC footage in DFV incidents and legal proceedings. Notably absent in much of the literature are the vi…
Tourism and Crime
It is widely acknowledged that tourists are particularly likely to be victimized, especially with regard to property crimes like theft from tourist accommodation (burglary). Guided by the criminal opportunity perspective, we examine the extent to which environmental and routine activities-related factors explain burglary using the data from a sample of Australian tourists ( N = 1,027). Bayesian variable selection with a stochastic search algorith…
Police Body-Worn Cameras as a Response to Domestic and Family Violence
Body-worn cameras (BWCs) have been promoted internationally to enhance responses to domestic and family violence (DFV). However, little is known about their utility, benefits, and limitations. Drawing upon the insights of DFV practitioners who support victim/survivors in the Australian states of Queensland and Western Australia, this article finds that while BWCs can capture some DFV incidents, they are unable to show their full context and impac…
How police body-worn cameras can facilitate misidentification in domestic and family violence responses
Police body-worn camera (BWC) technologies—affixed to a vest, sunglasses or cap—are deployed by all Australian police agencies, including in frontline responses to domestic and family violence (DFV). This paper presents the findings from the first Australian study focused on how women DFV victim-survivors view and experience BWCs in police call-outs and legal proceedings. Informed by a national survey of 119 victim-survivors, it explores two key …
Examining cybercrime victimisation among Turkish women using routine activity theory
Content Moderation and Community Standards
Moderating harmful and offensive content on social media is challenging for digital platforms that seek to balance regulation and censorship across a diverse user group. It is further complicated by discrepancies between platform policies, user expectations and user experiences. Informed by focus groups with 104 Australians aged 13–74 years, and a walkthrough analysis of three social media platforms, this article examines users' experiences repor…
Comparing Police Officers’ and Domestic Violence Victims’ Perspectives on Body-Worn Cameras
Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study explores the role of police body-worn cameras (BWCs) in enhancing domestic and family violence (DFV) policing. Data were collected from surveys administered to police officers in two Australian jurisdictions (N = 452) and a nationwide sample of DFV victims (N = 119), complemented by qualitative analysis of open-ended responses. Findings demonstrate that BWCs contribute to objective evidence collectio…
The Commercialization of Ransomware
Ransomware has evolved from opportunistic attacks into a sophisticated financial enterprise sustained by cryptocurrency markets, despite enforcement pressure. Drawing on the analysis of 525 ransomware strains (2013–2025), we identify three eras: Spray-and-Prey (2013–2018; fragmented payment practices), Big Game Hunting (2018–2021; targeting high-value organizations), and Ransom Bazaar (2021–present; financialized, service-oriented extortion). The…
Ransomware, Emotions, and the Decision to Pay
Ransomware victims must decide quickly whether to pay, yet the emotional dynamics of this decision are not well understood. We report the results of a pre-registered between subjects vignette experiment with a nationwide U.S. adult sample testing how ransomware notes shape such emotions as fear, anger, guilt, and shame, and how these responses relate to stated willingness to pay. Participants were randomly assigned to a neutral policy frame, or a…
Psychology (10 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (7 works) · Criminology (7 works) · Medicine (7 works) · Poison control (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Medical emergency (5 works) · Political science (5 works) · Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment (5 works)