Phillip N Smith
Biographic Data
| ID | 4214841 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Phillip N Smith |
| GIVEN NAMES | Phillip N |
| FAMILY NAME | Smith |
| SIGNATURE | SMITH P N |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of South Alabama |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9364-3907 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 11 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Community-Based Development of Tools to Assess Firearm-Related Attitudes and Beliefs: Associations with Firearm-Related Practices, Social Influences, and Violence Exposure
The purpose of this study was to evaluate four novel measures of firearm-related attitudes and beliefs developed through participatory action research, and to determine their associations with firearm-related practices and violence exposure. Participants were a pilot sample of 550 U.S. adults (51% female; 65% White; 16% Latine; 13% Black; M age = 48.3) and a nationally representative cross-validation sample of 1,674 U.S. adults (52% female; 61% W…
Lifetime Prevalence Estimates of Nonfatal Firearm-Related Violence in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adults in the U.S
Estimates of firearm-involved violence are largely informed by fatal injury reports and law enforcement data. The current study estimated the lifetime prevalence of nonfatal firearm-related violence, including victimization, perpetration, suicide attempts, and witnessing violence, and demographic associations with these experiences. A weighted, nationally representative sample of 1,681 U.S. adults was recruited from August 2023 to September 2023 …
Mobilization of community-based organizations during Covid-19: Perceptions of barriers and needed supports
Human ecosystem disruptions such as Covid-19 and natural disasters increase existing health disparities among communities that have been historically underserved by healthcare systems, especially communities of color. Community-based organizations (CBOs) are well-placed to mobilize effective responses to local needs, which may mitigate the impact of human ecosystem disruptions on disparities. The purpose of this study was to explore CBO leaders' …
Social-Ecological Correlates of Involvement in Firearm-Related Violence in a Nationally Representative Survey of Adults
Objectives. To examine social-ecological correlates of firearm-related violence involvement among adults. Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were collected in the United States between August 2023 and September 2023 through an AmeriSpeak Panel (n = 1681), weighted to be nationally representative. Measures included self-reported involvement in firearm-related violence victimization and perpetration and hypothesized social-ecological risk factors. Re…
Upward social comparisons and suicidal ideation on Facebook: Moderating role of thwarted belongingness
Project GRIP: An Illustration of Participatory Action Research with Communities of People Who Own and Use Firearms
Firearm-related injury and mortality prevention strategies are often incompatible with and potentially ineffective for the very populations at risk. Such incompatibility is reflective of a cultural disconnect between investigators and prevention specialists and those who own and use firearms. The current paper describes Project GRIP, a research study that was guided by the principles of Participatory Action Research (PAR). We present the project …
Relations between perceptions of parental messages supporting fighting and nonviolence and adolescents' physical aggression: Beliefs as mediators
The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' beliefs about fighting as mediators of longitudinal relations between perceptions of parental support for fighting and nonviolence and changes in adolescents' physical aggression. Participants were 2575 middle school students ( M age = 12.20, SD = 1.02; 52% female; 83% African American) from the southeastern US attending schools in communities with high rates of violence. Participants complete…
Mixed methods evaluation of a jail diversion program: Impact on arrests and functioning
This mixed methods study had two aims: (1) to examine the effectiveness of a jail diversion program in reducing recidivism and promoting educational and employment outcomes; and (2) to qualitatively explore mechanisms through which the program was effective. Participants were 17 individuals arrested for drug offenses who participated in an intensive, law enforcement‐based jail diversion program, and 17 individuals in a comparison group. Arrests w…
A Psychometric Pilot Study Examining the Functions of Suicidal Communications Using IRT and Factor Analysis
There may be one function of suicidal communications. Disclosure may elicit connection and reasons for living that serve as barriers to suicide and resolve ambivalence. Key limitations include convenience sampling and limited validity measures. Future research should partner with participants to improve scale and theory development efforts
Moderating Effect of Meanings-Made on the Relationship Between Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Life Events and Suicidal Ideation
A majority of people experience potentially traumatic events but only a subsection develop negative psychological outcomes such as suicidal ideation. As these events may impact existing life-orienting systems, meaning-making processes are utilized to either assimilate new experiences into existing frameworks or revise existing schemas to accommodate novel incidents. The extent to which efficient meaning-making has occurred or the degree to which …
Black Americans report greater resilience to suicide unless its interpersonally motivated and are more accepting of others right to die
Purpose Suicide is a public health crisis that differentially affects racial and ethnic groups. Suicide is a public health crisis that differentially affects racial and ethnic groups. American Indians had the highest per capita suicide rates (11.1 for females and 33.4 for males) followed by White Americans (8.0 for females and 29.8 for males; Centers for Disease Control, 2019). There is an emerging focus on racial/ethnic disparities in suicide pr…
Exploring interpersonal theory of suicide typologies in patients with cancer: A latent profile analysis
The current study examined patterns of endorsement of Interpersonal Theory of Suicide constructs in a group of patients with cancer ( N = 133) via Latent Profile Analysis. Four profiles were identified: (1) Interpersonally Distressed ( n = 7; 5.2%), (2) Burdened ( n = 11; 8.3%), (3) Fearless About Death ( n = 40; 30.1%), (4) Non-Distressed ( n = 75; 56.4%). Profiles with higher levels of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and hopel…
PTSD, religious coping, and interpersonal antecedents of suicidal desire among military veterans: An initial examination of moderation models
Forms of suicide communication are not associated with five-factor personality
Purpose US age-adjusted suicide rates increased by 33 per cent from 1999 to 2017 (Hedegard et al. , 2018). Communications about suicide and death are a commonly cited warning sign (SPRC, 2014) and are foundational to the vast majority of risk assessment, prevention and intervention practices. Suicidal communications are critically understudied despite their implications for prevention and intervention practices. The purpose of this study is to ex…
Examining the interpersonal theory of suicide in acutely suicidal psychiatric inpatients
The current study examined hypotheses related to the development of suicidal ideation as directed by the interpersonal theory within a sample of acutely suicidal psychiatric inpatients. Consistent with ideation-to-action models, we distinguished suicidal desire from resolved plans and preparations. Although thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were correlated with suicidal desire, only perceived burdensomeness was associated with s…
Socio-ecological context and the interpersonal theory of suicide: A response to Hjelmeland & Knizek
The current paper is a response to Hjelmeland & Knizek's critique of the interpersonal theory of suicide. These authors raise a number of important points that have the potential to advance the understanding and prevention of suicide. However, the authors' message becomes lost in a series of errors in logic and misinterpretations of the theory. We attempt to clarify these errors and add some of our own ideas about how the theory and science exami…
Assessing the unique role of religious coping in suicidal behavior among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan veterans
Violence victimization and perpetration in relation to fearlessness about death in suicidal psychiatric inpatients
Purpose The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes that fearlessness about death, one aspect of the capability for suicide, may explain men’s greater risk for death by suicide. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether violence perpetration and victimization would mediate the relation of gender with fearlessness about death in suicidal psychiatric inpatients
College students’ conformity to masculine role norms and help-seeking intentions for suicidal thoughts
Life experiences and the acquired capability for suicide in incarcerated men
Suicide is a leading cause of death in U.S. prisons. Prisoners may be at risk for suicide due to their greater likelihood of experiencing events that promote the acquired capability for suicide. The current study examined the associations of 10 domains of life experiences with the acquired capability for suicide in 399 male prisoners. All life experience domains were associated with acquired capability with certain domains evidencing relatively s…
A Theory-Based Approach to Understanding Suicide Risk in Shelter-Seeking Women
Women seeking shelter from intimate partner violence are at an increased risk for suicide ideation and attempts compared to women in the general population. Control-based violence, which is common among shelter-seeking women, may play a pivotal role in the development of suicide ideation and attempts. Current risk assessment and management practices for shelter-seeking women are limited by the lack of an empirically grounded understanding of incr…
An exploratory analysis of the relations between the rate of physiological habituation, the acquired capability for suicide, and acute risk factors for suicide
Purpose – The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes that an individual must acquire the capability for suicide to carry out a near-lethal or lethal suicide attempt. This capability develops via habituation in response to painful and provocative life events. Some individuals might be more vulnerable to developing the capability for suicide because they habituate more quickly to stimuli. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relations betw…
Acquired capability and masculine gender norm adherence: Potential pathways to higher rates of male suicide
The interpersonal theory posits that to die by suicide a person must be fearless of death and able to tolerate the physical pain involved in suicide. This capability for suicide is acquired via repeated exposure to painful and provocative life events and has been proposed as a potential mechanism by
Stoicism and sensation seeking: Male vulnerabilities for the acquired capability for suicide
Anger and the ABC Model Underlying Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
The ABC model underlying Ellis's Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy predicts that people who think more irrationally should display greater trait anger than do people who think less irrationally. This study tested this prediction regarding the ABC model. 186 college students were administered the Survey of Personal Beliefs and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-Second Edition to measure irrational thinking and trait anger, respectively. St…
Acquired capability and masculine gender norm adherence: Potential pathways to higher rates of male suicide
The interpersonal theory posits that to die by suicide a person must be fearless of death and able to tolerate the physical pain involved in suicide. This capability for suicide is acquired via repeated exposure to painful and provocative life events and has been proposed as a potential mechanism by
Exploring interpersonal theory of suicide typologies in patients with cancer: A latent profile analysis
The current study examined patterns of endorsement of Interpersonal Theory of Suicide constructs in a group of patients with cancer ( N = 133) via Latent Profile Analysis. Four profiles were identified: (1) Interpersonally Distressed ( n = 7; 5.2%), (2) Burdened ( n = 11; 8.3%), (3) Fearless About Death ( n = 40; 30.1%), (4) Non-Distressed ( n = 75; 56.4%). Profiles with higher levels of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and hopel…
Socio-ecological context and the interpersonal theory of suicide: A response to Hjelmeland & Knizek
The current paper is a response to Hjelmeland & Knizek's critique of the interpersonal theory of suicide. These authors raise a number of important points that have the potential to advance the understanding and prevention of suicide. However, the authors' message becomes lost in a series of errors in logic and misinterpretations of the theory. We attempt to clarify these errors and add some of our own ideas about how the theory and science exami…
Life experiences and the acquired capability for suicide in incarcerated men
Suicide is a leading cause of death in U.S. prisons. Prisoners may be at risk for suicide due to their greater likelihood of experiencing events that promote the acquired capability for suicide. The current study examined the associations of 10 domains of life experiences with the acquired capability for suicide in 399 male prisoners. All life experience domains were associated with acquired capability with certain domains evidencing relatively s…
College students’ conformity to masculine role norms and help-seeking intentions for suicidal thoughts
Anger and the ABC Model Underlying Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
The ABC model underlying Ellis's Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy predicts that people who think more irrationally should display greater trait anger than do people who think less irrationally. This study tested this prediction regarding the ABC model. 186 college students were administered the Survey of Personal Beliefs and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-Second Edition to measure irrational thinking and trait anger, respectively. St…
Stoicism and sensation seeking: Male vulnerabilities for the acquired capability for suicide
Acquired capability and masculine gender norm adherence: Potential pathways to higher rates of male suicide
The interpersonal theory posits that to die by suicide a person must be fearless of death and able to tolerate the physical pain involved in suicide. This capability for suicide is acquired via repeated exposure to painful and provocative life events and has been proposed as a potential mechanism by
A Theory-Based Approach to Understanding Suicide Risk in Shelter-Seeking Women
Women seeking shelter from intimate partner violence are at an increased risk for suicide ideation and attempts compared to women in the general population. Control-based violence, which is common among shelter-seeking women, may play a pivotal role in the development of suicide ideation and attempts. Current risk assessment and management practices for shelter-seeking women are limited by the lack of an empirically grounded understanding of incr…
An exploratory analysis of the relations between the rate of physiological habituation, the acquired capability for suicide, and acute risk factors for suicide
Purpose – The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes that an individual must acquire the capability for suicide to carry out a near-lethal or lethal suicide attempt. This capability develops via habituation in response to painful and provocative life events. Some individuals might be more vulnerable to developing the capability for suicide because they habituate more quickly to stimuli. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relations betw…
Life experiences and the acquired capability for suicide in incarcerated men
Suicide is a leading cause of death in U.S. prisons. Prisoners may be at risk for suicide due to their greater likelihood of experiencing events that promote the acquired capability for suicide. The current study examined the associations of 10 domains of life experiences with the acquired capability for suicide in 399 male prisoners. All life experience domains were associated with acquired capability with certain domains evidencing relatively s…
Assessing the unique role of religious coping in suicidal behavior among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan veterans
Violence victimization and perpetration in relation to fearlessness about death in suicidal psychiatric inpatients
Purpose The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes that fearlessness about death, one aspect of the capability for suicide, may explain men’s greater risk for death by suicide. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether violence perpetration and victimization would mediate the relation of gender with fearlessness about death in suicidal psychiatric inpatients
College students’ conformity to masculine role norms and help-seeking intentions for suicidal thoughts
Socio-ecological context and the interpersonal theory of suicide: A response to Hjelmeland & Knizek
The current paper is a response to Hjelmeland & Knizek's critique of the interpersonal theory of suicide. These authors raise a number of important points that have the potential to advance the understanding and prevention of suicide. However, the authors' message becomes lost in a series of errors in logic and misinterpretations of the theory. We attempt to clarify these errors and add some of our own ideas about how the theory and science exami…
PTSD, religious coping, and interpersonal antecedents of suicidal desire among military veterans: An initial examination of moderation models
Forms of suicide communication are not associated with five-factor personality
Purpose US age-adjusted suicide rates increased by 33 per cent from 1999 to 2017 (Hedegard et al. , 2018). Communications about suicide and death are a commonly cited warning sign (SPRC, 2014) and are foundational to the vast majority of risk assessment, prevention and intervention practices. Suicidal communications are critically understudied despite their implications for prevention and intervention practices. The purpose of this study is to ex…
Examining the interpersonal theory of suicide in acutely suicidal psychiatric inpatients
The current study examined hypotheses related to the development of suicidal ideation as directed by the interpersonal theory within a sample of acutely suicidal psychiatric inpatients. Consistent with ideation-to-action models, we distinguished suicidal desire from resolved plans and preparations. Although thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were correlated with suicidal desire, only perceived burdensomeness was associated with s…
Black Americans report greater resilience to suicide unless its interpersonally motivated and are more accepting of others right to die
Purpose Suicide is a public health crisis that differentially affects racial and ethnic groups. Suicide is a public health crisis that differentially affects racial and ethnic groups. American Indians had the highest per capita suicide rates (11.1 for females and 33.4 for males) followed by White Americans (8.0 for females and 29.8 for males; Centers for Disease Control, 2019). There is an emerging focus on racial/ethnic disparities in suicide pr…
Exploring interpersonal theory of suicide typologies in patients with cancer: A latent profile analysis
The current study examined patterns of endorsement of Interpersonal Theory of Suicide constructs in a group of patients with cancer ( N = 133) via Latent Profile Analysis. Four profiles were identified: (1) Interpersonally Distressed ( n = 7; 5.2%), (2) Burdened ( n = 11; 8.3%), (3) Fearless About Death ( n = 40; 30.1%), (4) Non-Distressed ( n = 75; 56.4%). Profiles with higher levels of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and hopel…
A Psychometric Pilot Study Examining the Functions of Suicidal Communications Using IRT and Factor Analysis
There may be one function of suicidal communications. Disclosure may elicit connection and reasons for living that serve as barriers to suicide and resolve ambivalence. Key limitations include convenience sampling and limited validity measures. Future research should partner with participants to improve scale and theory development efforts
Moderating Effect of Meanings-Made on the Relationship Between Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Life Events and Suicidal Ideation
A majority of people experience potentially traumatic events but only a subsection develop negative psychological outcomes such as suicidal ideation. As these events may impact existing life-orienting systems, meaning-making processes are utilized to either assimilate new experiences into existing frameworks or revise existing schemas to accommodate novel incidents. The extent to which efficient meaning-making has occurred or the degree to which …
Upward social comparisons and suicidal ideation on Facebook: Moderating role of thwarted belongingness
Project GRIP: An Illustration of Participatory Action Research with Communities of People Who Own and Use Firearms
Firearm-related injury and mortality prevention strategies are often incompatible with and potentially ineffective for the very populations at risk. Such incompatibility is reflective of a cultural disconnect between investigators and prevention specialists and those who own and use firearms. The current paper describes Project GRIP, a research study that was guided by the principles of Participatory Action Research (PAR). We present the project …
Relations between perceptions of parental messages supporting fighting and nonviolence and adolescents' physical aggression: Beliefs as mediators
The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' beliefs about fighting as mediators of longitudinal relations between perceptions of parental support for fighting and nonviolence and changes in adolescents' physical aggression. Participants were 2575 middle school students ( M age = 12.20, SD = 1.02; 52% female; 83% African American) from the southeastern US attending schools in communities with high rates of violence. Participants complete…
Mixed methods evaluation of a jail diversion program: Impact on arrests and functioning
This mixed methods study had two aims: (1) to examine the effectiveness of a jail diversion program in reducing recidivism and promoting educational and employment outcomes; and (2) to qualitatively explore mechanisms through which the program was effective. Participants were 17 individuals arrested for drug offenses who participated in an intensive, law enforcement‐based jail diversion program, and 17 individuals in a comparison group. Arrests w…
Mobilization of community-based organizations during Covid-19: Perceptions of barriers and needed supports
Human ecosystem disruptions such as Covid-19 and natural disasters increase existing health disparities among communities that have been historically underserved by healthcare systems, especially communities of color. Community-based organizations (CBOs) are well-placed to mobilize effective responses to local needs, which may mitigate the impact of human ecosystem disruptions on disparities. The purpose of this study was to explore CBO leaders' …
Social-Ecological Correlates of Involvement in Firearm-Related Violence in a Nationally Representative Survey of Adults
Objectives. To examine social-ecological correlates of firearm-related violence involvement among adults. Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were collected in the United States between August 2023 and September 2023 through an AmeriSpeak Panel (n = 1681), weighted to be nationally representative. Measures included self-reported involvement in firearm-related violence victimization and perpetration and hypothesized social-ecological risk factors. Re…
Community-Based Development of Tools to Assess Firearm-Related Attitudes and Beliefs: Associations with Firearm-Related Practices, Social Influences, and Violence Exposure
The purpose of this study was to evaluate four novel measures of firearm-related attitudes and beliefs developed through participatory action research, and to determine their associations with firearm-related practices and violence exposure. Participants were a pilot sample of 550 U.S. adults (51% female; 65% White; 16% Latine; 13% Black; M age = 48.3) and a nationally representative cross-validation sample of 1,674 U.S. adults (52% female; 61% W…
Lifetime Prevalence Estimates of Nonfatal Firearm-Related Violence in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adults in the U.S
Estimates of firearm-involved violence are largely informed by fatal injury reports and law enforcement data. The current study estimated the lifetime prevalence of nonfatal firearm-related violence, including victimization, perpetration, suicide attempts, and witnessing violence, and demographic associations with these experiences. A weighted, nationally representative sample of 1,681 U.S. adults was recruited from August 2023 to September 2023 …
Psychology (22 works) · Poison control (20 works) · Suicide and Self-Harm Studies (20 works) · Suicide prevention (19 works) · Medicine (18 works) · Clinical Psychology (15 works) · Medical emergency (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Clinical Psychology (10 works) · Injury prevention (10 works)