Clara K Chow
Biographic Data
| ID | 4217704 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Clara K Chow |
| GIVEN NAMES | Clara K |
| FAMILY NAME | Chow |
| SIGNATURE | CHOW C K |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Sydney |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4693-0038 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 3 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 17 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Sex differences in risk of incident microvascular and macrovascular complications
BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of diabetes is similar in men and women; however, there is conflicting evidence regarding sex differences in diabetes-related complications. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in incident microvascular and macrovascular complications among adults with diabetes. METHODS: This prospective cohort study linked data from the 45 and Up Study, Australia, to administrative health records. The study …
Design and development of a smartphone app for hypertension management
Background: Several research studies have demonstrated the potential of mobile health apps in supporting health management. However, the design and development process of these apps are rarely presented. Objective: We present the design and development of a smartphone-based lifestyle app integrating a wearable device for hypertension management. Methods: We used an intervention mapping approach for the development of theory- and evidence-based in…
Impact of Socio-demographic Characteristics on Time in Outpatient Cardiology Clinics
Inequitable access to health services influences health outcomes. Some studies have found patients of lower socio-economic status (SES) wait longer for surgery, but little data exist on access to outpatient services. This study analyzed patient-level data from outpatient public cardiology clinics and assessed whether low SES patients spend longer accessing ambulatory services. Retrospective analysis of cardiology clinic encounters across 3 public…
A Systematic Approach to Improving the Transparency of Interview Refinements and Data Sufficiency in Semi-Structured Interviews
Background Semi-structured interviews allow progressive interview refinements to gain an in-depth understanding of a research question, but interview refinements affect the stopping point. This paper aims to describe a method that provides transparency in interview refinements and helps researchers decide on a stopping point. Methods We established systematic and practical methods to document interview refinements and visualize novel and duplicat…
Developing indicators of age-friendly neighbourhood environments for urban and rural communities across 20 low-, middle-, and high-income countries
This study indicates the extent to which environmental supports for healthy ageing may be less readily available to older adults residing in rural areas and LMIC and augments calls to tailor WHO's existing indicators to a broader range of communities in order to achieve a critical aspect of distributional equity in an ageing world
Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. METHODS: We defined high CVD risk as the presence of any of the foll…
Comparison of Treatment Rates of Depression After Stroke Versus Myocardial Infarction
Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels
BACKGROUND: Several international guidelines recommend the consumption of two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables per day, but their intake is thought to be low worldwide. We aimed to determine the extent to which such low intake is related to availability and affordability. METHODS: We assessed fruit and vegetable consumption using data from country-specific, validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires in the Prospe…
Wealth and cardiovascular health
Inequality in hypertension management outcomes decreased as countries became richer, but the considerable variation in patterns of wealth-related inequality - even among countries at similar levels of economic development - underscores the importance of health systems in improving hypertension management for all. These findings show that some, but not all, countries, including those with limited resources, have been able to achieve more equitable…
Nutrition labelling, marketing techniques, nutrition claims and health claims on chip and biscuit packages from sixteen countries
Objective Food packages were objectively assessed to explore differences in nutrition labelling, selected promotional marketing techniques and health and nutrition claims between countries, in comparison to national regulations. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Chip and sweet biscuit packages were collected from sixteen countries at different levels of economic development in the EPOCH (Environmental Profile of a Community’s Health) study between …
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Rural and Urban Communities in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries
IMPORTANCE: Hypertension is the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality globally, yet there are relatively few data collected using standardized methods. OBJECTIVE: To examine hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in participants at baseline in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional study of 153,996 adults (complete data for this analysis…
Co-variation in dimensions of smoking behaviour
Contextual determinants of health behaviours in an aboriginal community in Canada
The built environment, access and affordability of healthy food and tobacco on the Six Nations Reserve are not perceived favourably. Modification of these contextual factors described here may reduce adverse health behaviours in the community
Analysing compliance of cigarette packaging with the FCTC and national legislation in eight former Soviet countries
Despite progress in the use of health warning messages, gaps still remain-particularly with the use of deceptive labels. Stronger surveillance and enforcement mechanisms are required to improve compliance with the FCTC and national legislation
Shared environments
Objective The goal of the present study was to examine the influence of community environment on the nutritional status (weight-for-age and height-for-age) of children (aged 0–59 months) in Bangladesh. In addition, we tested the association between specific characteristics of community environments and child nutritional status. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting The data are from the nationally representative 2004 Bangladesh Demographic and H…
The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (Pure) study
Recalibration of a Framingham risk equation for a rural population in India
BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk estimation tools are a simple means of identifying those at high risk in a community and hence a potentially cost-effective strategy for CHD prevention in resource-poor countries. Since India has few local data upon which to develop such a tool de novo, in this study a Framingham risk equation has been recalibrated to estimate CHD risks in a population from rural India and the sensitivity of the metho…
Recalibration of a Framingham risk equation for a rural population in India
BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk estimation tools are a simple means of identifying those at high risk in a community and hence a potentially cost-effective strategy for CHD prevention in resource-poor countries. Since India has few local data upon which to develop such a tool de novo, in this study a Framingham risk equation has been recalibrated to estimate CHD risks in a population from rural India and the sensitivity of the metho…
A Systematic Approach to Improving the Transparency of Interview Refinements and Data Sufficiency in Semi-Structured Interviews
Background Semi-structured interviews allow progressive interview refinements to gain an in-depth understanding of a research question, but interview refinements affect the stopping point. This paper aims to describe a method that provides transparency in interview refinements and helps researchers decide on a stopping point. Methods We established systematic and practical methods to document interview refinements and visualize novel and duplicat…
The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (Pure) study
Recalibration of a Framingham risk equation for a rural population in India
BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk estimation tools are a simple means of identifying those at high risk in a community and hence a potentially cost-effective strategy for CHD prevention in resource-poor countries. Since India has few local data upon which to develop such a tool de novo, in this study a Framingham risk equation has been recalibrated to estimate CHD risks in a population from rural India and the sensitivity of the metho…
Shared environments
Objective The goal of the present study was to examine the influence of community environment on the nutritional status (weight-for-age and height-for-age) of children (aged 0–59 months) in Bangladesh. In addition, we tested the association between specific characteristics of community environments and child nutritional status. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting The data are from the nationally representative 2004 Bangladesh Demographic and H…
Contextual determinants of health behaviours in an aboriginal community in Canada
The built environment, access and affordability of healthy food and tobacco on the Six Nations Reserve are not perceived favourably. Modification of these contextual factors described here may reduce adverse health behaviours in the community
Analysing compliance of cigarette packaging with the FCTC and national legislation in eight former Soviet countries
Despite progress in the use of health warning messages, gaps still remain-particularly with the use of deceptive labels. Stronger surveillance and enforcement mechanisms are required to improve compliance with the FCTC and national legislation
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Rural and Urban Communities in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries
IMPORTANCE: Hypertension is the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality globally, yet there are relatively few data collected using standardized methods. OBJECTIVE: To examine hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in participants at baseline in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional study of 153,996 adults (complete data for this analysis…
Co-variation in dimensions of smoking behaviour
Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels
BACKGROUND: Several international guidelines recommend the consumption of two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables per day, but their intake is thought to be low worldwide. We aimed to determine the extent to which such low intake is related to availability and affordability. METHODS: We assessed fruit and vegetable consumption using data from country-specific, validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires in the Prospe…
Wealth and cardiovascular health
Inequality in hypertension management outcomes decreased as countries became richer, but the considerable variation in patterns of wealth-related inequality - even among countries at similar levels of economic development - underscores the importance of health systems in improving hypertension management for all. These findings show that some, but not all, countries, including those with limited resources, have been able to achieve more equitable…
Nutrition labelling, marketing techniques, nutrition claims and health claims on chip and biscuit packages from sixteen countries
Objective Food packages were objectively assessed to explore differences in nutrition labelling, selected promotional marketing techniques and health and nutrition claims between countries, in comparison to national regulations. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Chip and sweet biscuit packages were collected from sixteen countries at different levels of economic development in the EPOCH (Environmental Profile of a Community’s Health) study between …
Comparison of Treatment Rates of Depression After Stroke Versus Myocardial Infarction
Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. METHODS: We defined high CVD risk as the presence of any of the foll…
Developing indicators of age-friendly neighbourhood environments for urban and rural communities across 20 low-, middle-, and high-income countries
This study indicates the extent to which environmental supports for healthy ageing may be less readily available to older adults residing in rural areas and LMIC and augments calls to tailor WHO's existing indicators to a broader range of communities in order to achieve a critical aspect of distributional equity in an ageing world
Design and development of a smartphone app for hypertension management
Background: Several research studies have demonstrated the potential of mobile health apps in supporting health management. However, the design and development process of these apps are rarely presented. Objective: We present the design and development of a smartphone-based lifestyle app integrating a wearable device for hypertension management. Methods: We used an intervention mapping approach for the development of theory- and evidence-based in…
Impact of Socio-demographic Characteristics on Time in Outpatient Cardiology Clinics
Inequitable access to health services influences health outcomes. Some studies have found patients of lower socio-economic status (SES) wait longer for surgery, but little data exist on access to outpatient services. This study analyzed patient-level data from outpatient public cardiology clinics and assessed whether low SES patients spend longer accessing ambulatory services. Retrospective analysis of cardiology clinic encounters across 3 public…
A Systematic Approach to Improving the Transparency of Interview Refinements and Data Sufficiency in Semi-Structured Interviews
Background Semi-structured interviews allow progressive interview refinements to gain an in-depth understanding of a research question, but interview refinements affect the stopping point. This paper aims to describe a method that provides transparency in interview refinements and helps researchers decide on a stopping point. Methods We established systematic and practical methods to document interview refinements and visualize novel and duplicat…
Sex differences in risk of incident microvascular and macrovascular complications
BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of diabetes is similar in men and women; however, there is conflicting evidence regarding sex differences in diabetes-related complications. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in incident microvascular and macrovascular complications among adults with diabetes. METHODS: This prospective cohort study linked data from the 45 and Up Study, Australia, to administrative health records. The study …
Medicine (14 works) · Environmental health (11 works) · Public health (7 works) · Demography (6 works) · Population (6 works) · Developing country (4 works) · Economic growth (4 works) · Geography (4 works) · Internal Medicine (4 works) · Socioeconomic status (4 works)