Geoffrey R Norman
Biographic Data
| ID | 4228937 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Geoffrey R Norman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Geoffrey R |
| FAMILY NAME | Norman |
| SIGNATURE | NORMAN G R |
| AFFILIATIONS | McMaster University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1053-7998 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 57 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 25 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
When I say … intuition
In this “When I Say...”, Pelaccia et al. deconstruct three common representations of intuition and its role in diagnostic reasoning in medicine
The influence of viewing time on visual diagnostic accuracy
Does allowing access to electronic differential diagnosis support threaten the reliability of a licensing exam
Intrinsic or Invisible? An Audit of CanMeds Roles in Entrustable Professional Activities
PURPOSE: Postgraduate medical education in Canada has quickly transformed to a competency-based model featuring new entrustable professional activities (EPAs) and associated milestones. It remains unclear, however, how these milestones are distributed between the central medical expert role and 6 intrinsic roles of the larger CanMEDS competency framework. A document review was thus conducted to measure how many EPA milestones are classified under…
The challenges inherent with anchor-based approaches to the interpretation of important change in clinical outcome assessments
Examining the Influence of Context and Professional Culture on Clinical Reasoning Through Rhetorical-Narrative Analysis
According to the dual process model of reasoning, physicians make diagnostic decisions using two mental systems: System 1, which is rapid, unconscious, and intuitive, and System 2, which is slow, rational, and analytical. Currently, little is known about physicians' use of System 1 or intuitive reasoning in practice. In a qualitative study of clinical reasoning, physicians were asked to tell stories about times when they used intuitive reasoning …
Health Measurement Scales
Health Measurement Scales is the ultimate online guide to developing and validating measurement scales that are to be used in the health sciences. It covers how the individual items are developed; various biases that can affect responses (e.g. social desirability, yea-saying, framing); various response options; how to select the best items in the set; how to combine them into a scale; and finally how to determine the reliability and validity of t…
Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws” of statistics
Health Measurement Scales
Clinicians and those in health sciences are frequently called upon to measure subjective states such as attitudes, feelings, quality of life, educational achievement and aptitude, and learning style in their patients. This fourth edition of Health Measurement Scales enables these groups who often have limited knowledge of statistics, to both develop scales to measure non-tangible health outcomes, and better evaluate and differentiate between exis…
The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance
This book was the first handbook where the world's foremost 'experts on expertise' reviewed our scientific knowledge on expertise and expert performance and how experts may differ from non-experts in terms of their development, training, reasoning, knowledge, social support, and innate talent. Methods are described for the study of experts' knowledge and their performance of representative tasks from their domain of expertise. The development of …
Health Measurement Scales
This is the new edition of the highly successful practical guide for clinicians developing tools to measure subjective states, attitudes or non-tangible outcomes in their patients. It is widely used by people from many disciplines, who have only a limited knowledge of statistics. This thoroughly updated edition of Health Measurement Scales, Third Edition gives more details on cognitive requirements in answering questions, and how this influences …
Hi! How are you? Response shift, implicit theories and differing epistemologies
Is It Simple or Simplistic
Norman, Geoffrey R. PhD; Sloan, Jeff A. PhD; Wyrwich, Kathleen W. PhD Author Information
Interpretation of Changes in Health-related Quality of Life
BACKGROUND: A number of studies have computed the minimally important difference (MID) for health-related quality of life instruments. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is consistency in the magnitude of MID estimates from different instruments. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies that computed an MID and contained sufficient information to compute an effect size (ES). Thirty-eight studies fulfilled…
Methods to Explain the Clinical Significance of Health Status Measures
Description and Prescription in Dictionaries of Scientific Terms
Despite the overwhelming trend towards corpus‐based approaches to the compilation of general dictionaries, specialist dictionaries of terms appear recalcitrant to change, in line with the position of experts like Landau (1974), who states that the meanings of scientific terms must generally be imposed on the basis of expert advice, not extracted from usage. This paper sets out to assess whether this view is justified. Specifically, the paper cons…
Relation of Distribution- and Anchor-Based Approaches in Interpretation of Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life
BACKGROUND: Approaches to interpretation of quality of life changes in clinical trials have fallen into two camps: those that rely on the distribution of changes and the Effect Size (ES), and those that use some external anchor, such as patient judgments of change, which is then used to compute a Minimally Important Difference (MID), the proportion benefiting from treatment, p(B), and the Number Needed to Treat (NNT). OBJECTIVE: To examine the re…
Performance-Based Assessment
Performance-based assessment methods have been used in the health professions for centuries, and dozens of studies of their psychometric characteristics have been reported over the past several decades. During that period, the health professions have seen a variety of performance-based assessment methods come and go, and some hard lessons have been learned from the many studies and frequent missteps. This article shares some of those lessons, usi…
The role of family and peers in social self-efficacy
The roles of family, peers, and selected social factors in the origins of depression were assessed in a school-based study of adolescents. Social self-efficacy and social support from family and peers were found to be interrelated in their links with depression. Risk factors are delineated and suggestions for preventive intervention are offered
Adolescent depression in a school-based community sample
Measuring change over time
Measurement of Physician Performance by Standardized Patients
The article describes the development of methods to use live simulated patients for assessment of quality of care of primary physicians. Methods used to train patients and achieve undetected entry into physicians' practices are described. The study demonstrated that patients can be entered into practices with a low rate of detection (13%) and that they are able to recall the details of the encounter with a high degree of reliability
The Process of Social Stress
Allan H. McFarlane, Geoffrey R. Norman, David L. Streiner, Ranjan G. Roy, The Process of Social Stress: Stable, Reciprocal, and Mediating Relationships, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Jun., 1983), pp. 160-173
Health Diaries
This article described experience with the use of health diaries in a two-year prospective study of the influence of the psychosocial environment on the health status of 500 subjects in the Hamilton area. Three strategies were used to maintain compliance: 1) random sampling of three days within each two-week interval; 2) a lottery ticket incentive; and 3) telephone follow-up. The results of an initial telephone and lottery ticket study demonstrat…
A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of the Psychosocial Environment on Health Status
Allan H. McFarlane, Geoffrey R. Norman, David L. Streiner, Ranjan Roy, Deborah J. Scott, A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of the Psychosocial Environment on Health Status: A Preliminary Report, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Jun., 1980), pp. 124-133
The Process of Social Stress
Allan H. McFarlane, Geoffrey R. Norman, David L. Streiner, Ranjan G. Roy, The Process of Social Stress: Stable, Reciprocal, and Mediating Relationships, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Jun., 1983), pp. 160-173
A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of the Psychosocial Environment on Health Status
Allan H. McFarlane, Geoffrey R. Norman, David L. Streiner, Ranjan Roy, Deborah J. Scott, A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of the Psychosocial Environment on Health Status: A Preliminary Report, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Jun., 1980), pp. 124-133
Performance-Based Assessment
Performance-based assessment methods have been used in the health professions for centuries, and dozens of studies of their psychometric characteristics have been reported over the past several decades. During that period, the health professions have seen a variety of performance-based assessment methods come and go, and some hard lessons have been learned from the many studies and frequent missteps. This article shares some of those lessons, usi…
Adolescent depression in a school-based community sample
Examining the Influence of Context and Professional Culture on Clinical Reasoning Through Rhetorical-Narrative Analysis
According to the dual process model of reasoning, physicians make diagnostic decisions using two mental systems: System 1, which is rapid, unconscious, and intuitive, and System 2, which is slow, rational, and analytical. Currently, little is known about physicians' use of System 1 or intuitive reasoning in practice. In a qualitative study of clinical reasoning, physicians were asked to tell stories about times when they used intuitive reasoning …
Description and Prescription in Dictionaries of Scientific Terms
Despite the overwhelming trend towards corpus‐based approaches to the compilation of general dictionaries, specialist dictionaries of terms appear recalcitrant to change, in line with the position of experts like Landau (1974), who states that the meanings of scientific terms must generally be imposed on the basis of expert advice, not extracted from usage. This paper sets out to assess whether this view is justified. Specifically, the paper cons…
A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of the Psychosocial Environment on Health Status
Allan H. McFarlane, Geoffrey R. Norman, David L. Streiner, Ranjan Roy, Deborah J. Scott, A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of the Psychosocial Environment on Health Status: A Preliminary Report, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Jun., 1980), pp. 124-133
Health Diaries
This article described experience with the use of health diaries in a two-year prospective study of the influence of the psychosocial environment on the health status of 500 subjects in the Hamilton area. Three strategies were used to maintain compliance: 1) random sampling of three days within each two-week interval; 2) a lottery ticket incentive; and 3) telephone follow-up. The results of an initial telephone and lottery ticket study demonstrat…
The Process of Social Stress
Allan H. McFarlane, Geoffrey R. Norman, David L. Streiner, Ranjan G. Roy, The Process of Social Stress: Stable, Reciprocal, and Mediating Relationships, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Jun., 1983), pp. 160-173
Measurement of Physician Performance by Standardized Patients
The article describes the development of methods to use live simulated patients for assessment of quality of care of primary physicians. Methods used to train patients and achieve undetected entry into physicians' practices are described. The study demonstrated that patients can be entered into practices with a low rate of detection (13%) and that they are able to recall the details of the encounter with a high degree of reliability
Measuring change over time
Adolescent depression in a school-based community sample
Performance-Based Assessment
Performance-based assessment methods have been used in the health professions for centuries, and dozens of studies of their psychometric characteristics have been reported over the past several decades. During that period, the health professions have seen a variety of performance-based assessment methods come and go, and some hard lessons have been learned from the many studies and frequent missteps. This article shares some of those lessons, usi…
The role of family and peers in social self-efficacy
The roles of family, peers, and selected social factors in the origins of depression were assessed in a school-based study of adolescents. Social self-efficacy and social support from family and peers were found to be interrelated in their links with depression. Risk factors are delineated and suggestions for preventive intervention are offered
Relation of Distribution- and Anchor-Based Approaches in Interpretation of Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life
BACKGROUND: Approaches to interpretation of quality of life changes in clinical trials have fallen into two camps: those that rely on the distribution of changes and the Effect Size (ES), and those that use some external anchor, such as patient judgments of change, which is then used to compute a Minimally Important Difference (MID), the proportion benefiting from treatment, p(B), and the Number Needed to Treat (NNT). OBJECTIVE: To examine the re…
Methods to Explain the Clinical Significance of Health Status Measures
Description and Prescription in Dictionaries of Scientific Terms
Despite the overwhelming trend towards corpus‐based approaches to the compilation of general dictionaries, specialist dictionaries of terms appear recalcitrant to change, in line with the position of experts like Landau (1974), who states that the meanings of scientific terms must generally be imposed on the basis of expert advice, not extracted from usage. This paper sets out to assess whether this view is justified. Specifically, the paper cons…
Health Measurement Scales
This is the new edition of the highly successful practical guide for clinicians developing tools to measure subjective states, attitudes or non-tangible outcomes in their patients. It is widely used by people from many disciplines, who have only a limited knowledge of statistics. This thoroughly updated edition of Health Measurement Scales, Third Edition gives more details on cognitive requirements in answering questions, and how this influences …
Hi! How are you? Response shift, implicit theories and differing epistemologies
Is It Simple or Simplistic
Norman, Geoffrey R. PhD; Sloan, Jeff A. PhD; Wyrwich, Kathleen W. PhD Author Information
Interpretation of Changes in Health-related Quality of Life
BACKGROUND: A number of studies have computed the minimally important difference (MID) for health-related quality of life instruments. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is consistency in the magnitude of MID estimates from different instruments. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies that computed an MID and contained sufficient information to compute an effect size (ES). Thirty-eight studies fulfilled…
The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance
This book was the first handbook where the world's foremost 'experts on expertise' reviewed our scientific knowledge on expertise and expert performance and how experts may differ from non-experts in terms of their development, training, reasoning, knowledge, social support, and innate talent. Methods are described for the study of experts' knowledge and their performance of representative tasks from their domain of expertise. The development of …
Health Measurement Scales
Clinicians and those in health sciences are frequently called upon to measure subjective states such as attitudes, feelings, quality of life, educational achievement and aptitude, and learning style in their patients. This fourth edition of Health Measurement Scales enables these groups who often have limited knowledge of statistics, to both develop scales to measure non-tangible health outcomes, and better evaluate and differentiate between exis…
Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws” of statistics
Health Measurement Scales
Health Measurement Scales is the ultimate online guide to developing and validating measurement scales that are to be used in the health sciences. It covers how the individual items are developed; various biases that can affect responses (e.g. social desirability, yea-saying, framing); various response options; how to select the best items in the set; how to combine them into a scale; and finally how to determine the reliability and validity of t…
Examining the Influence of Context and Professional Culture on Clinical Reasoning Through Rhetorical-Narrative Analysis
According to the dual process model of reasoning, physicians make diagnostic decisions using two mental systems: System 1, which is rapid, unconscious, and intuitive, and System 2, which is slow, rational, and analytical. Currently, little is known about physicians' use of System 1 or intuitive reasoning in practice. In a qualitative study of clinical reasoning, physicians were asked to tell stories about times when they used intuitive reasoning …
Intrinsic or Invisible? An Audit of CanMeds Roles in Entrustable Professional Activities
PURPOSE: Postgraduate medical education in Canada has quickly transformed to a competency-based model featuring new entrustable professional activities (EPAs) and associated milestones. It remains unclear, however, how these milestones are distributed between the central medical expert role and 6 intrinsic roles of the larger CanMEDS competency framework. A document review was thus conducted to measure how many EPA milestones are classified under…
The challenges inherent with anchor-based approaches to the interpretation of important change in clinical outcome assessments
Does allowing access to electronic differential diagnosis support threaten the reliability of a licensing exam
The influence of viewing time on visual diagnostic accuracy
When I say … intuition
In this “When I Say...”, Pelaccia et al. deconstruct three common representations of intuition and its role in diagnostic reasoning in medicine
Psychology (21 works) · Computer Science (17 works) · Medicine (11 works) · Mathematics (8 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Statistics (7 works) · Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life (6 works) · Clinical Psychology (5 works) · Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills (5 works) · Developmental psychology (5 works)