Michael A Olson
Biographic Data
| ID | 4230365 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael A Olson |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael A |
| FAMILY NAME | Olson |
| SIGNATURE | OLSON M A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Tennessee at Knoxville |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9226-9442 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 154 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 20 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
CFS-Vr
Numerous psychological theories emphasize the importance of unconscious cognition. However, research on unconscious processing has faced stigma and methodological challenges, especially in minimizing contaminating influences of conscious cognition. Continuous flash suppression (CFS), an image presentation technique, has the potential to enlarge the window through which we may view the workings of the unconscious mind prior to the onset of conscio…
Stories against stigma
A dual‐process framework for diversity training to reduce discrimination in organizational settings
Disputes about the value of Diversity Training (DT) stem partly from disputes about what DT should entail and what its expected outcomes should be. We answer previous reviews’ calls for approaches to DT that are grounded in empirically supported theoretical frameworks. Specifically, and based on longstanding theory and research on attitude–behavior relations, we offer a dual‐process framework that identifies key factors for interventions to reduc…
Changes in nonprejudiced motivations track shifts in the U.S. sociopolitical climate
Recently, major societal events have shaped perceptions of race relations in the US. The current work argues that people’s motivations to be nonprejudiced toward Black people have changed in concert with these broader societal forces. Analyses of two independent archival datasets reveal that nonprejudiced motivations changed predictably in accordance with shifts in the social milieu over the last 15 years. In one dataset ( N = 13,395), we track m…
Danger or dislike
The Dual Implicit Process Model (March et al., 2018b) distinguishes the implicit processing of physical threat (i.e., "Can it hurt or kill me?") from valence (i.e., "Do I dislike/like it?"). Five studies tested whether automatic anti-Black bias is due to White Americans associating Black men with threat, negative valence, or both. Studies 1 and 2 assessed how quickly White participants decided whether positive, negative, and threatening images we…
Implicit interpersonal evaluations as a risk factor for suicidality
Thwarted social connection is a critical risk factor for suicidality, and several theoretical perspectives highlight the importance of interpersonal affect to social connection. Given that marriage is an increasingly important source of social connection, we examined the role of automatic spousal attitudes-conceptualized as spontaneously activated affective associations involving one's spouse-in predicting suicidal thoughts in 3 longitudinal stud…
On the Relationship Between Automatic Attitudes and Self-Reported Sexual Assault in Men
When feeling right leads to being right in the reporting of implicitly-formed attitudes, or how I learned to stop worrying and trust my gut
Antecedents of Gender Harassment
Evidence for the underestimation of implicit in-group favoritism among low-status groups
Malleability of attitudes or malleability of the IAT
Implicit misattribution as a mechanism underlying evaluative conditioning
Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to the formation or change of an attitude toward an object, following that object's pairing with positively or negatively valenced stimuli. The authors provide evidence that EC can occur through an implicit misattribution mechanism in which an evaluative response evoked by a valenced stimulus is incorrectly and implicitly attributed to another stimulus, forming or changing an attitude toward this other stimulus…
Implicit learning of evaluative vs. non-evaluative covariations
Reducing Automatically Activated Racial Prejudice Through Implicit Evaluative Conditioning
The authors report a set of experiments that use an implicit evaluative conditioning procedure to reduce automatically activated racial prejudice in White participants in a short period and with relatively few trials. Experiment 1 demonstrated that participants were unaware of the repeated conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) pairings of Black-good and White-bad. In Experiment 2, the procedure was found to be effective in reducing …
The influence of experimentally created extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test
Perceived Reactions to Interracial Romantic Relationships
Two studies examined the hypothesis that race, by serving as an indicator of status, more strongly affects prejudice against females’ romantic relationships than males’. In Study 1, participants reported on an interracial romantic relationship about which close others disapproved. Consistent with evolutionary and social structural theories of mate selection, non-White males indicated more disapproval from their White female partners’ friends and …
Reducing the Influence of Extrapersonal Associations on the Implicit Association Test
The authors argue that the Implicit Association Test (IAT; A.G. Greenwald, D.E. McGhee, & J.L.K. Schwartz, 1998) can be contaminated by associations that do not contribute to one's evaluation of an attitude object and thus do not become activated when one encounters the object but that are nevertheless available in memory. The authors propose a variant of the IAT that reduces the contamination of these "extrapersonal associations." Consistent wit…
Implicit Measures in Social Cognition Research
Behavioral scientists have long sought measures of important psychological constructs that avoid response biases and other problems associated with direct reports. Recently, a large number of such indirect, or “implicit,” measures have emerged. We review research that has utilized these measures across several domains, including attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes, and discuss their predictive validity, their interrelations, and the mechanism…
The Psychology of Prejudice
(Each chapter concludes with Summary.) 1. Introduction to the Study of Stereotyping and Prejudice. Defining Stereotype. Defining Prejudice. The Link Between Stereotyping and Prejudice. Early Perspectives in Stereotyping Research. The Social Cognition Revolution. The Social Cognition View of Stereotyping and Prejudice. 2. Origin and Maintenance of Stereotypes and Prejudice. The Formation of Stereotypes. How and Why Stereotypes Are Maintained. Orig…
Implicit Attitude Formation Through Classical Conditioning
We sought to demonstrate that attitudes can develop through implicit covariation detection in a new classical conditioning paradigm. In two experiments purportedly about surveillance and vigilance, participants viewed several hundred randomly presented words and images interspersed with critical pairings of valenced unconditioned stimuli (USs) with novel conditioned stimuli (CSs). Attitudes toward the novel objects were influenced by the paired U…
Reducing the Influence of Extrapersonal Associations on the Implicit Association Test
The authors argue that the Implicit Association Test (IAT; A.G. Greenwald, D.E. McGhee, & J.L.K. Schwartz, 1998) can be contaminated by associations that do not contribute to one's evaluation of an attitude object and thus do not become activated when one encounters the object but that are nevertheless available in memory. The authors propose a variant of the IAT that reduces the contamination of these "extrapersonal associations." Consistent wit…
Perceived Reactions to Interracial Romantic Relationships
Two studies examined the hypothesis that race, by serving as an indicator of status, more strongly affects prejudice against females’ romantic relationships than males’. In Study 1, participants reported on an interracial romantic relationship about which close others disapproved. Consistent with evolutionary and social structural theories of mate selection, non-White males indicated more disapproval from their White female partners’ friends and …
The influence of experimentally created extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test
Implicit misattribution as a mechanism underlying evaluative conditioning
Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to the formation or change of an attitude toward an object, following that object's pairing with positively or negatively valenced stimuli. The authors provide evidence that EC can occur through an implicit misattribution mechanism in which an evaluative response evoked by a valenced stimulus is incorrectly and implicitly attributed to another stimulus, forming or changing an attitude toward this other stimulus…
Antecedents of Gender Harassment
Evidence for the underestimation of implicit in-group favoritism among low-status groups
Malleability of attitudes or malleability of the IAT
When feeling right leads to being right in the reporting of implicitly-formed attitudes, or how I learned to stop worrying and trust my gut
Implicit interpersonal evaluations as a risk factor for suicidality
Thwarted social connection is a critical risk factor for suicidality, and several theoretical perspectives highlight the importance of interpersonal affect to social connection. Given that marriage is an increasingly important source of social connection, we examined the role of automatic spousal attitudes-conceptualized as spontaneously activated affective associations involving one's spouse-in predicting suicidal thoughts in 3 longitudinal stud…
Implicit learning of evaluative vs. non-evaluative covariations
Changes in nonprejudiced motivations track shifts in the U.S. sociopolitical climate
Recently, major societal events have shaped perceptions of race relations in the US. The current work argues that people’s motivations to be nonprejudiced toward Black people have changed in concert with these broader societal forces. Analyses of two independent archival datasets reveal that nonprejudiced motivations changed predictably in accordance with shifts in the social milieu over the last 15 years. In one dataset ( N = 13,395), we track m…
A dual‐process framework for diversity training to reduce discrimination in organizational settings
Disputes about the value of Diversity Training (DT) stem partly from disputes about what DT should entail and what its expected outcomes should be. We answer previous reviews’ calls for approaches to DT that are grounded in empirically supported theoretical frameworks. Specifically, and based on longstanding theory and research on attitude–behavior relations, we offer a dual‐process framework that identifies key factors for interventions to reduc…
Danger or dislike
The Dual Implicit Process Model (March et al., 2018b) distinguishes the implicit processing of physical threat (i.e., "Can it hurt or kill me?") from valence (i.e., "Do I dislike/like it?"). Five studies tested whether automatic anti-Black bias is due to White Americans associating Black men with threat, negative valence, or both. Studies 1 and 2 assessed how quickly White participants decided whether positive, negative, and threatening images we…
On the Relationship Between Automatic Attitudes and Self-Reported Sexual Assault in Men
The Psychology of Prejudice
(Each chapter concludes with Summary.) 1. Introduction to the Study of Stereotyping and Prejudice. Defining Stereotype. Defining Prejudice. The Link Between Stereotyping and Prejudice. Early Perspectives in Stereotyping Research. The Social Cognition Revolution. The Social Cognition View of Stereotyping and Prejudice. 2. Origin and Maintenance of Stereotypes and Prejudice. The Formation of Stereotypes. How and Why Stereotypes Are Maintained. Orig…
Implicit Attitude Formation Through Classical Conditioning
We sought to demonstrate that attitudes can develop through implicit covariation detection in a new classical conditioning paradigm. In two experiments purportedly about surveillance and vigilance, participants viewed several hundred randomly presented words and images interspersed with critical pairings of valenced unconditioned stimuli (USs) with novel conditioned stimuli (CSs). Attitudes toward the novel objects were influenced by the paired U…
Implicit Measures in Social Cognition Research
Behavioral scientists have long sought measures of important psychological constructs that avoid response biases and other problems associated with direct reports. Recently, a large number of such indirect, or “implicit,” measures have emerged. We review research that has utilized these measures across several domains, including attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes, and discuss their predictive validity, their interrelations, and the mechanism…
Perceived Reactions to Interracial Romantic Relationships
Two studies examined the hypothesis that race, by serving as an indicator of status, more strongly affects prejudice against females’ romantic relationships than males’. In Study 1, participants reported on an interracial romantic relationship about which close others disapproved. Consistent with evolutionary and social structural theories of mate selection, non-White males indicated more disapproval from their White female partners’ friends and …
Reducing the Influence of Extrapersonal Associations on the Implicit Association Test
The authors argue that the Implicit Association Test (IAT; A.G. Greenwald, D.E. McGhee, & J.L.K. Schwartz, 1998) can be contaminated by associations that do not contribute to one's evaluation of an attitude object and thus do not become activated when one encounters the object but that are nevertheless available in memory. The authors propose a variant of the IAT that reduces the contamination of these "extrapersonal associations." Consistent wit…
The influence of experimentally created extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test
Reducing Automatically Activated Racial Prejudice Through Implicit Evaluative Conditioning
The authors report a set of experiments that use an implicit evaluative conditioning procedure to reduce automatically activated racial prejudice in White participants in a short period and with relatively few trials. Experiment 1 demonstrated that participants were unaware of the repeated conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) pairings of Black-good and White-bad. In Experiment 2, the procedure was found to be effective in reducing …
Implicit learning of evaluative vs. non-evaluative covariations
Antecedents of Gender Harassment
Evidence for the underestimation of implicit in-group favoritism among low-status groups
Malleability of attitudes or malleability of the IAT
Implicit misattribution as a mechanism underlying evaluative conditioning
Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to the formation or change of an attitude toward an object, following that object's pairing with positively or negatively valenced stimuli. The authors provide evidence that EC can occur through an implicit misattribution mechanism in which an evaluative response evoked by a valenced stimulus is incorrectly and implicitly attributed to another stimulus, forming or changing an attitude toward this other stimulus…
When feeling right leads to being right in the reporting of implicitly-formed attitudes, or how I learned to stop worrying and trust my gut
On the Relationship Between Automatic Attitudes and Self-Reported Sexual Assault in Men
Implicit interpersonal evaluations as a risk factor for suicidality
Thwarted social connection is a critical risk factor for suicidality, and several theoretical perspectives highlight the importance of interpersonal affect to social connection. Given that marriage is an increasingly important source of social connection, we examined the role of automatic spousal attitudes-conceptualized as spontaneously activated affective associations involving one's spouse-in predicting suicidal thoughts in 3 longitudinal stud…
Danger or dislike
The Dual Implicit Process Model (March et al., 2018b) distinguishes the implicit processing of physical threat (i.e., "Can it hurt or kill me?") from valence (i.e., "Do I dislike/like it?"). Five studies tested whether automatic anti-Black bias is due to White Americans associating Black men with threat, negative valence, or both. Studies 1 and 2 assessed how quickly White participants decided whether positive, negative, and threatening images we…
Changes in nonprejudiced motivations track shifts in the U.S. sociopolitical climate
Recently, major societal events have shaped perceptions of race relations in the US. The current work argues that people’s motivations to be nonprejudiced toward Black people have changed in concert with these broader societal forces. Analyses of two independent archival datasets reveal that nonprejudiced motivations changed predictably in accordance with shifts in the social milieu over the last 15 years. In one dataset ( N = 13,395), we track m…
Stories against stigma
A dual‐process framework for diversity training to reduce discrimination in organizational settings
Disputes about the value of Diversity Training (DT) stem partly from disputes about what DT should entail and what its expected outcomes should be. We answer previous reviews’ calls for approaches to DT that are grounded in empirically supported theoretical frameworks. Specifically, and based on longstanding theory and research on attitude–behavior relations, we offer a dual‐process framework that identifies key factors for interventions to reduc…
CFS-Vr
Numerous psychological theories emphasize the importance of unconscious cognition. However, research on unconscious processing has faced stigma and methodological challenges, especially in minimizing contaminating influences of conscious cognition. Continuous flash suppression (CFS), an image presentation technique, has the potential to enlarge the window through which we may view the workings of the unconscious mind prior to the onset of conscio…
Psychology (19 works) · Social Psychology (19 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (14 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (10 works) · Developmental psychology (8 works) · Cognitive psychology (7 works) · Implicit-association test (6 works) · Implicit attitude (5 works) · Cognition (4 works)