Tomás A Palma
Biographic Data
| ID | 4231287 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tomás A Palma |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tomás A |
| FAMILY NAME | Palma |
| SIGNATURE | PALMA T A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Lisbon |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2936-4732 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 5 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Does voice signal sexual orientation? Testing the gaydar accuracy, masculinity and femininity of Portuguese and Brazilian men based on vocal stimuli / ¿La voz indica la orientación sexual? Prueba de l…
This project examined the categorizations of individuals based on their voices. Specifically, we recorded the voices of 24 men belonging to the intersecting social categories of nationality (i.e., Portuguese and Brazilian) and sexual orientation (i.e., straight or gay). In Study 1, Portuguese and Brazilian listeners ( n = 75) evaluated speakers on the strength of their perceived nationality and sexual orientation. Results indicated participants w…
Does attending to the nose vs. eyes reduce the cross-race recognition deficit? A systematic test
People typically demonstrate poorer recognition for faces from racial outgroups compared to ingroups, a phenomenon known as the cross-race recognition deficit (CRD). In the present research, we tested one influential account of this effect: the diagnostic-features model. This model proposes that, through experience, the perceptual system becomes tuned to race-specific diagnostic features (e.g., eyes for White faces, nose for Black faces), and tha…
Can Speaking English Negatively Impact Non-Native Speakers? Investigating the Vocal Cross-Categorizations and Evaluations of Majority and Minority Members Across Language and Accent in a Non-English-S…
Individuals are quickly categorized as members of a group (e.g., national, migrants) based on their standard or nonstandard accent. However, this has usually been studied in the context of the native language, and less is known about accent-based categorization when individuals speak a second language. In this research, we tested whether speaking in Portuguese or English would influence Portuguese participants’ evaluations and recall of Portugues…
Engaging in counterstereotypical behaviours shifts the perceived masculinity or femininity of men and women, regardless of sexual orientation
Examining the Impact of Social and Perceptual Encoding Strategies on the Cross‐Race Recognition Deficit
The cross‐race recognition deficit (CRD) involves poorer recognition of faces perceived as cross‐race compared to faces perceived as the same race. In this literature, research has examined social and perceptual encoding in the CRD separately. Recent research comparing these strategies shows that encoding faces based on social information (personality traits) enhances face recognition relative to encoding faces based on perceptual information (fa…
A case of ‘de-immigrantization’
Individuals generally hold multiple, and sometimes stereotypically contrasted, group memberships which may change depending on uncontrollable contextual factors. For instance, if someone is a foreigner, there exist certain social stereotypes regarding their nationality which may influence others’ conceptualizations. However, how might an intersection of memberships, such as being both foreign and gay, affect natives’ perceptions of them when thes…
Examining the Contribution of Physical Cues for Same- and Cross-Race Face Individuation
Face individuation involves sensitivity to physical characteristics that provide information about identity. We examined whether Black and White American faces differ in terms of individuating information, and whether Black and White perceivers differentially weight information when judging same-race and cross-race faces. Study 1 analyzed 20 structural metrics (e.g., eye width, nose length) of 158 Black and White faces to determine which differen…
Nonlinear relationships between eye gaze and recognition accuracy for ethnic ingroup and outgroup faces
Researchers have used eye-tracking measures to explore the relationship between face encoding and recognition, including the impact of ethnicity on this relationship. Previous studies offer a variety of conflicting conclusions. This confusion may stem from misestimation of the relationship between encoding and recognition. First, most previous models fail to account for the structure of eye-tracking data, potentially falling prey to Simpson's par…
Triggering competence may protect multiple minority members from hiring discrimination
Hiring managers may consider hundreds of applicants for one position, leading to rapid decisions based on minimal information which may discriminate against certain individuals. However, past research shows that individuals belonging to multiple minority groups may, in fact, benefit from their intersectional status in certain contexts. First, to identify possible types of prejudice, the Attitudes Toward Gay Men (ATG) and Attitudes Toward Brazilia…
Behavioral descriptions pretested for racial stereotypicality and valence
In social psychology research, there are several kinds of stereotypical materials that can be used – faces, videos, lists of words, attributes. However, when it comes to behavioral sentences, there is a lack of pre-tested racial stimuli available in the literature. To fill the gap, this paper provides two lists of 154 short behavioral sentences, with stereotypicality (white to black) and valence (negative to positive) ratings. The first list was …
Do individuation instructions reduce the cross-race effect? A registered replication of
Contextual positivity-familiarity effects are unaffected by known moderators of misattribution
The positivity-familiarity effect refers to the phenomenon that positive affect increases the likelihood that people judge a stimulus as familiar. Drawing on the assumption that positivity-familiarity effects result from a common misattribution mechanism that is shared with conceptually similar effects (e.g. fluency-familiarity effects), we investigated whether positivity-familiarity effects are qualified by three known moderators of other misatt…
Does Repetition Always Make Perfect? Differential Effects of Repetition on Learning of Own-Race and Other-Race Faces
People have a remarkable capacity to process and recognize faces. Yet, they fail to recognize the faces of individuals from other racial groups - the Other-Race Effect (ORE). We investigated the role of repetition - a powerful determinant of learning and memory - in reducing the ORE. We predicted that repetition would improve face learning, particularly for other-race faces, as these are poorly learned based on a single presentation. Because own-…
Cue competition in mental state inference
Generation and testing of emergent traits in composite professional stereotypes
Somos frequentemente confrontados com pessoas que fazem parte de múltiplas categorias, por vezes com implicações que conflictuam no que respeita aos estereótipos que lhes estão associados. Investigação anterior demonstra que, quando são gerados atributos para estereótipos compósitos, são criados os chamados atributos novos e emergentes. Estes parecem derivar do conhecimento acerca das categorias constituintes, mas também do conhecimento acerca do…
Learning what to inhibit
Psychological research has devoted considerable attention to the relationship between the multiple category dimensions that can be extracted from faces. In the present studies, we investigated the role of experience and learning on the way the social perceiver deals with multiple category dimensions. Specifically, we tested whether learning which of 2 dimensions is the most relevant to the task at hand influences the encoding and retrieval of bot…
The cultural stereotype of professional groups
The purpose of the present work was to measure the stereotypic content of several professional groups in a Portuguese sample, by determining the culturally shared stereotypic attributes, their accessibility and typicality. Study 1 used a spontaneous attribute-generation-task to collect the stereotypic content of 28 professional groups. The frequency of generation was used to measure consensus on the attributes generated. The order of generated at…
Situating person memory
Grounding person memory in space
In two experiments, we examine and find support for the general hypothesis that memory for behavioral information in the context of an impression formation task depends on where that information is located in vertical space. These findings extend earlier work showing that memory for location and shifts of spatial attention are influenced by the “good is up” metaphor. Specifically, we show that person memory is better for behavioral information in…
Cognição Social
A Cognição Social emergiu em meados dos anos 70 como uma abordagem conceptual genérica com o objectivo de compreender e explicar como é que as pessoas se percebem a si próprias e aos outros, e como é que essas percepções permitem explicar, prever e orientar o comportamento social. Esta nova abordagem constituiu?se com base na vasta tradição teórica e de investigação da Psicologia Social, e integra ideias e metodologias da Psicologia Cognitiva na …
Do individuation instructions reduce the cross-race effect? A registered replication of
Grounding person memory in space
In two experiments, we examine and find support for the general hypothesis that memory for behavioral information in the context of an impression formation task depends on where that information is located in vertical space. These findings extend earlier work showing that memory for location and shifts of spatial attention are influenced by the “good is up” metaphor. Specifically, we show that person memory is better for behavioral information in…
Cognição Social
A Cognição Social emergiu em meados dos anos 70 como uma abordagem conceptual genérica com o objectivo de compreender e explicar como é que as pessoas se percebem a si próprias e aos outros, e como é que essas percepções permitem explicar, prever e orientar o comportamento social. Esta nova abordagem constituiu?se com base na vasta tradição teórica e de investigação da Psicologia Social, e integra ideias e metodologias da Psicologia Cognitiva na …
Cognição Social
A Cognição Social emergiu em meados dos anos 70 como uma abordagem conceptual genérica com o objectivo de compreender e explicar como é que as pessoas se percebem a si próprias e aos outros, e como é que essas percepções permitem explicar, prever e orientar o comportamento social. Esta nova abordagem constituiu?se com base na vasta tradição teórica e de investigação da Psicologia Social, e integra ideias e metodologias da Psicologia Cognitiva na …
Grounding person memory in space
In two experiments, we examine and find support for the general hypothesis that memory for behavioral information in the context of an impression formation task depends on where that information is located in vertical space. These findings extend earlier work showing that memory for location and shifts of spatial attention are influenced by the “good is up” metaphor. Specifically, we show that person memory is better for behavioral information in…
Situating person memory
The cultural stereotype of professional groups
The purpose of the present work was to measure the stereotypic content of several professional groups in a Portuguese sample, by determining the culturally shared stereotypic attributes, their accessibility and typicality. Study 1 used a spontaneous attribute-generation-task to collect the stereotypic content of 28 professional groups. The frequency of generation was used to measure consensus on the attributes generated. The order of generated at…
Learning what to inhibit
Psychological research has devoted considerable attention to the relationship between the multiple category dimensions that can be extracted from faces. In the present studies, we investigated the role of experience and learning on the way the social perceiver deals with multiple category dimensions. Specifically, we tested whether learning which of 2 dimensions is the most relevant to the task at hand influences the encoding and retrieval of bot…
Generation and testing of emergent traits in composite professional stereotypes
Somos frequentemente confrontados com pessoas que fazem parte de múltiplas categorias, por vezes com implicações que conflictuam no que respeita aos estereótipos que lhes estão associados. Investigação anterior demonstra que, quando são gerados atributos para estereótipos compósitos, são criados os chamados atributos novos e emergentes. Estes parecem derivar do conhecimento acerca das categorias constituintes, mas também do conhecimento acerca do…
Contextual positivity-familiarity effects are unaffected by known moderators of misattribution
The positivity-familiarity effect refers to the phenomenon that positive affect increases the likelihood that people judge a stimulus as familiar. Drawing on the assumption that positivity-familiarity effects result from a common misattribution mechanism that is shared with conceptually similar effects (e.g. fluency-familiarity effects), we investigated whether positivity-familiarity effects are qualified by three known moderators of other misatt…
Does Repetition Always Make Perfect? Differential Effects of Repetition on Learning of Own-Race and Other-Race Faces
People have a remarkable capacity to process and recognize faces. Yet, they fail to recognize the faces of individuals from other racial groups - the Other-Race Effect (ORE). We investigated the role of repetition - a powerful determinant of learning and memory - in reducing the ORE. We predicted that repetition would improve face learning, particularly for other-race faces, as these are poorly learned based on a single presentation. Because own-…
Cue competition in mental state inference
Do individuation instructions reduce the cross-race effect? A registered replication of
Triggering competence may protect multiple minority members from hiring discrimination
Hiring managers may consider hundreds of applicants for one position, leading to rapid decisions based on minimal information which may discriminate against certain individuals. However, past research shows that individuals belonging to multiple minority groups may, in fact, benefit from their intersectional status in certain contexts. First, to identify possible types of prejudice, the Attitudes Toward Gay Men (ATG) and Attitudes Toward Brazilia…
Behavioral descriptions pretested for racial stereotypicality and valence
In social psychology research, there are several kinds of stereotypical materials that can be used – faces, videos, lists of words, attributes. However, when it comes to behavioral sentences, there is a lack of pre-tested racial stimuli available in the literature. To fill the gap, this paper provides two lists of 154 short behavioral sentences, with stereotypicality (white to black) and valence (negative to positive) ratings. The first list was …
A case of ‘de-immigrantization’
Individuals generally hold multiple, and sometimes stereotypically contrasted, group memberships which may change depending on uncontrollable contextual factors. For instance, if someone is a foreigner, there exist certain social stereotypes regarding their nationality which may influence others’ conceptualizations. However, how might an intersection of memberships, such as being both foreign and gay, affect natives’ perceptions of them when thes…
Examining the Contribution of Physical Cues for Same- and Cross-Race Face Individuation
Face individuation involves sensitivity to physical characteristics that provide information about identity. We examined whether Black and White American faces differ in terms of individuating information, and whether Black and White perceivers differentially weight information when judging same-race and cross-race faces. Study 1 analyzed 20 structural metrics (e.g., eye width, nose length) of 158 Black and White faces to determine which differen…
Nonlinear relationships between eye gaze and recognition accuracy for ethnic ingroup and outgroup faces
Researchers have used eye-tracking measures to explore the relationship between face encoding and recognition, including the impact of ethnicity on this relationship. Previous studies offer a variety of conflicting conclusions. This confusion may stem from misestimation of the relationship between encoding and recognition. First, most previous models fail to account for the structure of eye-tracking data, potentially falling prey to Simpson's par…
Engaging in counterstereotypical behaviours shifts the perceived masculinity or femininity of men and women, regardless of sexual orientation
Examining the Impact of Social and Perceptual Encoding Strategies on the Cross‐Race Recognition Deficit
The cross‐race recognition deficit (CRD) involves poorer recognition of faces perceived as cross‐race compared to faces perceived as the same race. In this literature, research has examined social and perceptual encoding in the CRD separately. Recent research comparing these strategies shows that encoding faces based on social information (personality traits) enhances face recognition relative to encoding faces based on perceptual information (fa…
Does voice signal sexual orientation? Testing the gaydar accuracy, masculinity and femininity of Portuguese and Brazilian men based on vocal stimuli / ¿La voz indica la orientación sexual? Prueba de l…
This project examined the categorizations of individuals based on their voices. Specifically, we recorded the voices of 24 men belonging to the intersecting social categories of nationality (i.e., Portuguese and Brazilian) and sexual orientation (i.e., straight or gay). In Study 1, Portuguese and Brazilian listeners ( n = 75) evaluated speakers on the strength of their perceived nationality and sexual orientation. Results indicated participants w…
Does attending to the nose vs. eyes reduce the cross-race recognition deficit? A systematic test
People typically demonstrate poorer recognition for faces from racial outgroups compared to ingroups, a phenomenon known as the cross-race recognition deficit (CRD). In the present research, we tested one influential account of this effect: the diagnostic-features model. This model proposes that, through experience, the perceptual system becomes tuned to race-specific diagnostic features (e.g., eyes for White faces, nose for Black faces), and tha…
Can Speaking English Negatively Impact Non-Native Speakers? Investigating the Vocal Cross-Categorizations and Evaluations of Majority and Minority Members Across Language and Accent in a Non-English-S…
Individuals are quickly categorized as members of a group (e.g., national, migrants) based on their standard or nonstandard accent. However, this has usually been studied in the context of the native language, and less is known about accent-based categorization when individuals speak a second language. In this research, we tested whether speaking in Portuguese or English would influence Portuguese participants’ evaluations and recall of Portugues…
Psychology (16 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Cognitive psychology (9 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (9 works) · Developmental psychology (6 works) · Face Recognition and Perception (6 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Artificial Intelligence (4 works) · Artificial Intelligence (4 works) · Computer Science (4 works)