Johanna Woitzel
Biographic Data
| ID | 4232480 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Johanna Woitzel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Johanna |
| FAMILY NAME | Woitzel |
| SIGNATURE | WOITZEL J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Ruhr University Bochum |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8541-4469 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 5 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 9 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Ideological Favoritism and In-Group Favoritism
People appreciate others who seem similar to themselves. Two well-documented similarity-attraction effects are in-group favoritism (i.e., preference for in-groups over out-groups) and ideological favoritism (i.e., preference for the groups whose ideologies align [vs. conflict] with one’s own beliefs). There is debate about whether ideological favoritism is stronger among conservatives, progressives, or neither, and research has yet to explore ide…
The Minority Dilemma in Communication
Minority group membership is often explicitly mentioned in news reports, while majority membership is unstated. This results in an overrepresentation of minority labels in negative contexts (e.g., crime reports). While this may reflect motivated biases to derogate minorities, we propose it may also result from a basic cognitive principle of differentiation. Distinctive features, such as minority status, are more likely to attract attention, be re…
Are Stereotypes About Minorities More Negative
Various theories on intergroup bias predict that stereotypes about minorities are more negative than those about majorities. Although there is clear evidence that specific minorities are often subject to negative stereotypes, a systematic test of the relationship between group size and stereotype valence across various social groups is lacking. We conducted a multinational study across seven Western European countries to examine this relationship…
Who shows the Unlikelihood Effect – and why
Recent work shows that people judge an outcome as less likely when they learn the probabilities of all single pathways that lead to that outcome, a phenomenon termed the Unlikelihood Effect . The initial explanation for this effect is that the low pathway probabilities trigger thoughts that deem the outcome unlikely. We tested the alternative explanation that the effect results from people’s erroneous interpretation and processing of the probabil…
Just Playing the Role of Good Study Participants? Evaluative Conditioning, Demand Compliance, and Agreeableness
Evaluative Conditioning (EC) is the change in liking of stimuli due to their co-occurrence with other valenced stimuli. Recent research has shown stronger EC effects for more agreeable individuals. Because EC procedures are prone to demand characteristics, we hypothesized that more agreeable individuals might simply play the role of good study participants and therefore show stronger EC effects. We tested this in two preregistered experiments ( N…
The interplay of multiple unconditioned stimuli in evaluative conditioning
Evaluative conditioning (EC) is a key effect in attitude formation, leading to changes in the liking of neutral attitude objects due to their pairing with positive or negative stimuli. Despite EC's significance, current theories and most empirical findings are limited to stimulus pairings with a single affective stimulus at a time. In contrast, social environments often involve more complex combinations of affective stimuli. In this article, we i…
Differentiation in social perception
According to the cognitive-ecological model of social perception, biases toward individuals can arise as by-products of cognitive principles that interact with the information ecology. The present work tested whether negatively biased person descriptions occur as by-products of cognitive differentiation. Later-encountered persons are described by their distinct attributes that differentiate them from earlier-encountered persons. Because distinct …
Intergroup bias in perceived trustworthiness among few or many minimal groups
In diversifying societies, people are inevitably exposed to an increasing number of outgroups. As impressions of outgroups are more negative than those of ingroups, this may overall lead to more negative social attitudes and behaviors. In six preregistered experiments ( N total = 1832) using a minimal group paradigm, we investigated whether the mere number of groups influences the perceived trustworthiness of ingroups, outgroups, and the total po…
Ideological prejudice is stronger in ideological extremists (vs. moderates)
The agency–beliefs–communion (ABC) model and worldview conflict research show that people rate groups as more moral and likable if they rate their ideology as more similar to the ideology of the self. This paper refers to this effect as ideological prejudice. There is a debate whether ideology moderates the effect size of ideological prejudice. Through three observational studies ( N S1 = 700, N S2 = 974, N S3 = 633), this paper contributes to th…
Differentiation in social perception
According to the cognitive-ecological model of social perception, biases toward individuals can arise as by-products of cognitive principles that interact with the information ecology. The present work tested whether negatively biased person descriptions occur as by-products of cognitive differentiation. Later-encountered persons are described by their distinct attributes that differentiate them from earlier-encountered persons. Because distinct …
Intergroup bias in perceived trustworthiness among few or many minimal groups
In diversifying societies, people are inevitably exposed to an increasing number of outgroups. As impressions of outgroups are more negative than those of ingroups, this may overall lead to more negative social attitudes and behaviors. In six preregistered experiments ( N total = 1832) using a minimal group paradigm, we investigated whether the mere number of groups influences the perceived trustworthiness of ingroups, outgroups, and the total po…
Ideological prejudice is stronger in ideological extremists (vs. moderates)
The agency–beliefs–communion (ABC) model and worldview conflict research show that people rate groups as more moral and likable if they rate their ideology as more similar to the ideology of the self. This paper refers to this effect as ideological prejudice. There is a debate whether ideology moderates the effect size of ideological prejudice. Through three observational studies ( N S1 = 700, N S2 = 974, N S3 = 633), this paper contributes to th…
Ideological prejudice is stronger in ideological extremists (vs. moderates)
The agency–beliefs–communion (ABC) model and worldview conflict research show that people rate groups as more moral and likable if they rate their ideology as more similar to the ideology of the self. This paper refers to this effect as ideological prejudice. There is a debate whether ideology moderates the effect size of ideological prejudice. Through three observational studies ( N S1 = 700, N S2 = 974, N S3 = 633), this paper contributes to th…
Who shows the Unlikelihood Effect – and why
Recent work shows that people judge an outcome as less likely when they learn the probabilities of all single pathways that lead to that outcome, a phenomenon termed the Unlikelihood Effect . The initial explanation for this effect is that the low pathway probabilities trigger thoughts that deem the outcome unlikely. We tested the alternative explanation that the effect results from people’s erroneous interpretation and processing of the probabil…
Just Playing the Role of Good Study Participants? Evaluative Conditioning, Demand Compliance, and Agreeableness
Evaluative Conditioning (EC) is the change in liking of stimuli due to their co-occurrence with other valenced stimuli. Recent research has shown stronger EC effects for more agreeable individuals. Because EC procedures are prone to demand characteristics, we hypothesized that more agreeable individuals might simply play the role of good study participants and therefore show stronger EC effects. We tested this in two preregistered experiments ( N…
The interplay of multiple unconditioned stimuli in evaluative conditioning
Evaluative conditioning (EC) is a key effect in attitude formation, leading to changes in the liking of neutral attitude objects due to their pairing with positive or negative stimuli. Despite EC's significance, current theories and most empirical findings are limited to stimulus pairings with a single affective stimulus at a time. In contrast, social environments often involve more complex combinations of affective stimuli. In this article, we i…
Differentiation in social perception
According to the cognitive-ecological model of social perception, biases toward individuals can arise as by-products of cognitive principles that interact with the information ecology. The present work tested whether negatively biased person descriptions occur as by-products of cognitive differentiation. Later-encountered persons are described by their distinct attributes that differentiate them from earlier-encountered persons. Because distinct …
Intergroup bias in perceived trustworthiness among few or many minimal groups
In diversifying societies, people are inevitably exposed to an increasing number of outgroups. As impressions of outgroups are more negative than those of ingroups, this may overall lead to more negative social attitudes and behaviors. In six preregistered experiments ( N total = 1832) using a minimal group paradigm, we investigated whether the mere number of groups influences the perceived trustworthiness of ingroups, outgroups, and the total po…
Ideological Favoritism and In-Group Favoritism
People appreciate others who seem similar to themselves. Two well-documented similarity-attraction effects are in-group favoritism (i.e., preference for in-groups over out-groups) and ideological favoritism (i.e., preference for the groups whose ideologies align [vs. conflict] with one’s own beliefs). There is debate about whether ideological favoritism is stronger among conservatives, progressives, or neither, and research has yet to explore ide…
The Minority Dilemma in Communication
Minority group membership is often explicitly mentioned in news reports, while majority membership is unstated. This results in an overrepresentation of minority labels in negative contexts (e.g., crime reports). While this may reflect motivated biases to derogate minorities, we propose it may also result from a basic cognitive principle of differentiation. Distinctive features, such as minority status, are more likely to attract attention, be re…
Are Stereotypes About Minorities More Negative
Various theories on intergroup bias predict that stereotypes about minorities are more negative than those about majorities. Although there is clear evidence that specific minorities are often subject to negative stereotypes, a systematic test of the relationship between group size and stereotype valence across various social groups is lacking. We conducted a multinational study across seven Western European countries to examine this relationship…
Psychology (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (6 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (5 works) · Social Psychology (4 works) · Cognitive psychology (3 works) · In-group favoritism (3 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (2 works) · Cognition (2 works) · Conditioning (2 works)