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Zachary Witkower

Biographic Data

ID4232897
NAMEZachary Witkower
GIVEN NAMESZachary
FAMILY NAMEWitkower
SIGNATUREWITKOWER Z
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of British Columbia
ORCID0000-0002-6767-9834
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS9
TOTAL CITATIONS9
AUTHOR COUNT9
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2016
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX2
  • Short-Term and Long-Term Mating Strategies Show Distinct Patterns of Attraction to Dominance and Prestige

    Open Access•Zachary Witkower, Nicholas O Rule•ARTICLE•Social Psychological and…•2026

    People generally covet high-rank romantic partners. Yet, the multidimensional strategies of attaining social rank (dominance and prestige) and sociosexuality (long-term and short-term mating orientations) leave open the question of which strategies for attaining social rank are coveted, and by whom. We provide greater resolution into understanding attraction to social rank strategies by demonstrating that people with higher long-term mating orien…

  • Human psychophysiology is influenced by physical touch with a “breathing” robot

    Zachary Witkower, Laura Cang et al.•ARTICLE•Emotion•2025

    People often physically cling to others when afraid and doing so can downregulate negative emotional experiences (e.g., Coan et al., 2006). However, in some situations, physical touch may fail to downregulate emotional experiences-such as when an individual being touched is physiologically aroused themselves. To test this hypothesis, we built plush robots with motorized plastic ribcages that were manipulated to contract and expand to simulate hum…

  • The Chicken and Egg of Pride and Social Rank

    Open Access•Zachary Witkower, Eric Mercadante et al.•ARTICLE•Social Psychological and…•2022

    Prior research has found an association between pride experiences and social rank outcomes. However, the causal direction of this relationship remains unclear. The current research used a longitudinal design ( N = 1,653) to investigate whether pride experiences are likely to be a cause, consequence, or both, of social rank outcomes, by tracking changes in individuals’ pride and social rank over time. Prior research also has uncovered distinct cor…

  • Can Children Recognize Bodily Expressions of Emotion

    Open Access•Zachary Witkower, Jessica L Tracy et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Nonverbal Behavior•2021

  • We don't make Weird faces: A brief history of emotion expression research in small-scale societies

    Open Access•Zachary Witkower, Jessica L Tracy•ARTICLE•Evolution and Human Behavior•2020

  • How and why head position changes the perception of facial expressions of emotion

    Zachary Witkower, Jessica L Tracy•ARTICLE•Emotion•2020

    A large body of research on emotion communication has demonstrated that facial muscle movements (i.e., facial expressions) influence social perceptions made from faces. However, new research suggests that head position can also affect the way that faces are perceived, by systematically changing the appearance of the face. More specifically, according to the action-unit imposter account, tilting one's head downward causes the eyebrows to appear lo…

  • Two signals of social rank: Prestige and dominance are associated with distinct nonverbal displays

    Zachary Witkower, Jessica L Tracy et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2020•Cited by: 4

    are communicated through distinct nonverbal displays. Given the divergent messages that prestigious and dominant leaders need to send in order to attain and retain their place in the social hierarchy, theoretical accounts would suggest that individuals use distinct sets of nonverbal behaviors to communicate these 2 forms of high rank. In the present research, we tested this hypothesis in 7 studies, using carefully controlled experimental designs …

  • Predicting cyberbullying perpetration in emerging adults: A theoretical test of the Barlett Gentile Cyberbullying Model

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 24

    The Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model (BGCM) is a learning-based theory that posits the importance of positive cyberbullying attitudes predicting subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Furthermore, the tenants of the BGCM state that cyberbullying attitude are likely to form when the online aggressor believes that the online environment allows individuals of all physical sizes to harm others and they are perceived as anonymous. Past work has…

  • Breaking the link between provocation and aggression: The role of mitigating information

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2016•Cited by: 2•References: 27

    In two experimental studies, we examine the extent to which strong or weak mitigating information after a provocation alters aggressive responding. In Study 1, we randomly assigned 215 (108 female) college-aged participants to a strong or weak provocation by having a research assistant talk to the participant about failing a task in a harsh or confused tone. This was followed by a second research assistant giving a strong or weak excuse to the pa…

  • Two signals of social rank: Prestige and dominance are associated with distinct nonverbal displays

    Zachary Witkower, Jessica L Tracy et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2020•Cited by: 4

    are communicated through distinct nonverbal displays. Given the divergent messages that prestigious and dominant leaders need to send in order to attain and retain their place in the social hierarchy, theoretical accounts would suggest that individuals use distinct sets of nonverbal behaviors to communicate these 2 forms of high rank. In the present research, we tested this hypothesis in 7 studies, using carefully controlled experimental designs …

  • Predicting cyberbullying perpetration in emerging adults: A theoretical test of the Barlett Gentile Cyberbullying Model

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 24

    The Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model (BGCM) is a learning-based theory that posits the importance of positive cyberbullying attitudes predicting subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Furthermore, the tenants of the BGCM state that cyberbullying attitude are likely to form when the online aggressor believes that the online environment allows individuals of all physical sizes to harm others and they are perceived as anonymous. Past work has…

  • Breaking the link between provocation and aggression: The role of mitigating information

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2016•Cited by: 2•References: 27

    In two experimental studies, we examine the extent to which strong or weak mitigating information after a provocation alters aggressive responding. In Study 1, we randomly assigned 215 (108 female) college-aged participants to a strong or weak provocation by having a research assistant talk to the participant about failing a task in a harsh or confused tone. This was followed by a second research assistant giving a strong or weak excuse to the pa…

  • Breaking the link between provocation and aggression: The role of mitigating information

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2016•Cited by: 2•References: 27

    In two experimental studies, we examine the extent to which strong or weak mitigating information after a provocation alters aggressive responding. In Study 1, we randomly assigned 215 (108 female) college-aged participants to a strong or weak provocation by having a research assistant talk to the participant about failing a task in a harsh or confused tone. This was followed by a second research assistant giving a strong or weak excuse to the pa…

  • Predicting cyberbullying perpetration in emerging adults: A theoretical test of the Barlett Gentile Cyberbullying Model

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 24

    The Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model (BGCM) is a learning-based theory that posits the importance of positive cyberbullying attitudes predicting subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Furthermore, the tenants of the BGCM state that cyberbullying attitude are likely to form when the online aggressor believes that the online environment allows individuals of all physical sizes to harm others and they are perceived as anonymous. Past work has…

  • We don't make Weird faces: A brief history of emotion expression research in small-scale societies

    Open Access•Zachary Witkower, Jessica L Tracy•ARTICLE•Evolution and Human Behavior•2020

  • How and why head position changes the perception of facial expressions of emotion

    Zachary Witkower, Jessica L Tracy•ARTICLE•Emotion•2020

    A large body of research on emotion communication has demonstrated that facial muscle movements (i.e., facial expressions) influence social perceptions made from faces. However, new research suggests that head position can also affect the way that faces are perceived, by systematically changing the appearance of the face. More specifically, according to the action-unit imposter account, tilting one's head downward causes the eyebrows to appear lo…

  • Two signals of social rank: Prestige and dominance are associated with distinct nonverbal displays

    Zachary Witkower, Jessica L Tracy et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2020•Cited by: 4

    are communicated through distinct nonverbal displays. Given the divergent messages that prestigious and dominant leaders need to send in order to attain and retain their place in the social hierarchy, theoretical accounts would suggest that individuals use distinct sets of nonverbal behaviors to communicate these 2 forms of high rank. In the present research, we tested this hypothesis in 7 studies, using carefully controlled experimental designs …

  • Can Children Recognize Bodily Expressions of Emotion

    Open Access•Zachary Witkower, Jessica L Tracy et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Nonverbal Behavior•2021

  • The Chicken and Egg of Pride and Social Rank

    Open Access•Zachary Witkower, Eric Mercadante et al.•ARTICLE•Social Psychological and…•2022

    Prior research has found an association between pride experiences and social rank outcomes. However, the causal direction of this relationship remains unclear. The current research used a longitudinal design ( N = 1,653) to investigate whether pride experiences are likely to be a cause, consequence, or both, of social rank outcomes, by tracking changes in individuals’ pride and social rank over time. Prior research also has uncovered distinct cor…

  • Human psychophysiology is influenced by physical touch with a “breathing” robot

    Zachary Witkower, Laura Cang et al.•ARTICLE•Emotion•2025

    People often physically cling to others when afraid and doing so can downregulate negative emotional experiences (e.g., Coan et al., 2006). However, in some situations, physical touch may fail to downregulate emotional experiences-such as when an individual being touched is physiologically aroused themselves. To test this hypothesis, we built plush robots with motorized plastic ribcages that were manipulated to contract and expand to simulate hum…

  • Short-Term and Long-Term Mating Strategies Show Distinct Patterns of Attraction to Dominance and Prestige

    Open Access•Zachary Witkower, Nicholas O Rule•ARTICLE•Social Psychological and…•2026

    People generally covet high-rank romantic partners. Yet, the multidimensional strategies of attaining social rank (dominance and prestige) and sociosexuality (long-term and short-term mating orientations) leave open the question of which strategies for attaining social rank are coveted, and by whom. We provide greater resolution into understanding attraction to social rank strategies by demonstrating that people with higher long-term mating orien…

Psychology (7 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Developmental psychology (4 works) · Cognitive psychology (3 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (3 works) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (3 works) · Mathematics (3 works) · Perception (3 works) · Prestige (3 works) · Social Psychology (3 works)

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