David E Nelson
Biographic Data
| ID | 4234645 |
|---|---|
| NAME | David E Nelson |
| GIVEN NAMES | David E |
| FAMILY NAME | Nelson |
| SIGNATURE | NELSON D E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5034-0885 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 124 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Trends in US newspaper and television coverage of tobacco
News coverage of tobacco in the USA was relatively constant from 2004 to 2010. Audiences were more likely to be exposed to different tobacco themes in newspapers/newswires than on television. Tracking information about tobacco news stories can be used by advocates, programs and others for planning and evaluation, and by researchers for hypothesis generation
Alcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost in the United States
Objectives. Our goal was to provide current estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in the United States. Methods. We used 2 methods to calculate population-attributable fractions. We based relative risks on meta-analyses published since 2000, and adult alcohol consumption on data from the 2009 Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2009–2010 Natio…
Making Data Talk
This book reviews the science and art of communicating data, that is, “the numbers” to lay audiences. It reviews the vast and varied literature on this topic to provide practical advice on whether, and how, data should be communicated. This book is based on five overarching themes. Firstly, there needs to be an increased awareness of the many factors and complexities to be considered, and also of the possible choices, when selecting and presentin…
Making Data Talk
1. Introduction 2. Communication Fundamentals 3. Overcoming General Audience Tendencies and Biases to Enhance Lay Understanding of Data 4. Presenting Data 5. Putting it all Together: Communicating Data for Public Health Impact 6. Communicating Data in Acute Public Health Situations 7. Communicating Data for Policy or Program Advocacy 8. Conclusions and New Challenges
Use of Consumer Survey Data to Target Cessation Messages to Smokers Through Mass Media
Objectives. We identified the mass media channels that reach the most cigarette smokers in an attempt to more effectively target smoking cessation messages. Methods. Reach estimates and index scores for smokers were taken from 2002–2003 ConsumerStyles and HealthStyles national surveys of adults (N=11660) to estimate overall and demographic-specific exposure measures for television, radio, newspapers, and magazines. Results. Smokers viewed more te…
The Impact of Tobacco Control Programs on Adult Smoking
Objectives. We examined whether state tobacco control programs are effective in reducing the prevalence of adult smoking. Methods. We used state survey data on smoking from 1985 to 2003 in a quasi-experimental design to examine the association between cumulative state antitobacco program expenditures and changes in adult smoking prevalence, after we controlled for confounding. Results. From 1985 to 2003, national adult smoking prevalence declined…
Long-Term Trends in Adolescent and Young Adult Smoking in the United States
Objectives. We sought to describe long-term adolescent and young adult smoking trends and patterns. Methods. We analyzed adolescent data from Monitoring the Future, 1976 to 2005, and young adult (aged 18–24 years) data from the National Health Interview Survey, 1974 to 2005, overall and in subpopulations to identify trends in current cigarette smoking prevalence. Results. Five metapatterns emerged: we found (1) a large increase and subsequent dec…
Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States
Objectives. Smokeless tobacco has many adverse health effects. We analyzed long-term national trends in smokeless tobacco use. Methods. We used 1987 to 2000 National Health Interview Survey data for adults aged 18 years and older, 1986 to 2003 data from Monitoring the Future surveys of adolescents, and 1991 to 2003 data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey for 9th- to 12th-grade students to examine overall and demographic-specific trends. Results.…
Trust and Sources of Health Information
BACKGROUND: The context in which patients consume health information has changed dramatically with diffusion of the Internet, advances in telemedicine, and changes in media health coverage. The objective of this study was to provide nationally representative estimates for health-related uses of the Internet, level of trust in health information sources, and preferences for cancer information sources. METHODS: Data from the Health Information Nati…
The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)
Little is known about access, sources, and trust of cancer-related information, or factors that facilitate or hinder communication on a population-wide basis. Through a careful developmental process involving extensive input from many individuals and organizations, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) developed the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to help fill this gap. This nationally representative telephone survey of 6,369 pers…
Metropolitan-Area Estimates of Binge Drinking in the United States
Objectives. We estimated adult binge drinking prevalence in US metropolitan areas. Methods. We analyzed 1997 and 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for 120 metropolitan areas in 48 states and the District of Columbia. Results. The prevalence of binge drinking varied substantially across metropolitan areas, from 4.1% in Chattanooga, Tenn, to 23.9% in San Antonio, Tex, (median = 14.5%). Seventeen of the 20 metropolitan areas with …
State Trends in Uninsurance Among Individuals Aged 18 to 64 Years
Objectives. We analyzed state-specific uninsurance trends among US adults aged 18 to 64 years. Methods. We used logistic regression models to examine Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for uninsurance from 1992 to 2001 in 47 states. Results. Overall, uninsurance rates increased in 35 states and remained unchanged in 12 states. Increases were observed among people aged 30 to 49 years (in 34 states) and 50 to 64 years (in 24 states), a…
A Comparison of National Estimates From the National Health Interview Survey and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to compare national estimates from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Methods. The authors compared data from the 2 surveys on smoking, height, weight, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, immunization, lack of insurance coverage, cost as a barrier to medical care, and health status. Results. Overall national estimates were similar f…
Validation of self-reported chronic conditions and health services in a managed care population11The full text of this article is available at http
The Many Faces of Kali
as manifestations of the divine creative ideation, we are created in the divine image. At the same time, we carry that same creative consciousness within and use it to create our own images of divinity according to our needs or understanding
Trends in perceived cost as a barrier to medical care, 1991-1996
OBJECTIVES: This study examined trends in perceived cost as a barrier to medical care. METHODS: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to analyze monthly telephone survey data from 45 states. RESULTS: Overall, the percentage of persons perceiving cost as a barrier to medical care increased from 1991 until early 1993 and then declined to baseline values in late 1996. Perceived cost was a greater barrier in 1996 than in 1991 for pe…
State estimates of household exposure to firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns, 1991 through 1995
OBJECTIVES: Variations among states in household exposure to firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns were examined. METHODS: Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 22 states were used to estimate the prevalence of adults and children exposed to household firearms. RESULTS: The prevalence of adults living in households with firearms ranged from 12% to 57%; the corresponding ranges were 1% to 23% for loaded firearms and 5% to 3…
Telephone coverage and measurement of health risk indicators
OBJECTIVES: This study compared health behavior variables for all US households and households with telephones to measure the potential impact of telephone coverage on estimates from telephone surveys. METHODS: Data were derived from the 1991 through 1994 version of the National Health Interview Survey. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of respondents lived in households with telephones. Differences in health indicators were small (
Trends in safety belt use by demographics and by type of state safety belt law, 1987 through 1993
OBJECTIVES: This study examined trends in safety belt use by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and type of safety belt law. METHODS: We analyzed Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data on safety belt use from 33 states for 1987 through 1993 and used linear regression models to determine trends in prevalence. RESULTS: Asian/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics had the highest safety belt use among racial/ethnic groups. Prevalence varied litt…
State smoking prevalence estimates
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether there are systematic differences between the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) for state cigarette smoking prevalence estimates. METHODS: BRFSS telephone survey estimates were compared with estimates from the US Census CPS tobacco-use supplements (the CPS sample frame includes persons in households without telephones). Weighted overall and sex- and ra…
Trends in smokeless tobacco use among men in four states, 1988 through 1993
OBJECTIVES: Trends in smokeless tobacco use were examined for men in Indiana, Iowa, Montana, and West Virginia from 1988 through 1993. METHODS: State survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics associated with smokeless tobacco use included age less than 35 years, a high school education or less, and rural residence. Overall, there was little change in smokeless tobac…
Confirmation, Explanation, and Logical Strength
Van Fraassen argues that explanatory power cannot be a conformational virtue. In this paper I will show that informational features of scientific theories can be positively relevant to their levels of conformation. Thus, in the cases where the explanatory power of a theory is tied to an informational feature of the theory, it can still be the case that the explanatory power of the theory is positively relevant to its level of confirmation.
Evidence that the production of aversive consequences is not necessary to create cognitive dissonance
The present authors hypothesized, in contrast to I influential revision ofcognitive dissonance theory, that the production of aversive consequences is not necessary to create cognitive dissonance and that cognitive dissonance will occur even when aversive consequences are not produced. In Experiment l, participants drank a pleasant- or unpleasant-tasting beverage and were given high or low choice to write a sentence that said they liked the bever…
Trends in cigarette smoking among US adolescents, 1974 through 1991
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to determine national trends in adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence. METHODS. We conducted trend analyses based on 1974 through 1991 current smoking prevalence data among persons aged 12 through 19 years from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse, High School Seniors Surveys, and National Health Interview Surveys. RESULTS. Overall smoking prevalence declined much more rapidly from 1974 through …
Celebrating Easter at Home
A Comparison of National Estimates From the National Health Interview Survey and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to compare national estimates from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Methods. The authors compared data from the 2 surveys on smoking, height, weight, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, immunization, lack of insurance coverage, cost as a barrier to medical care, and health status. Results. Overall national estimates were similar f…
Trends in cigarette smoking among US adolescents, 1974 through 1991
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to determine national trends in adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence. METHODS. We conducted trend analyses based on 1974 through 1991 current smoking prevalence data among persons aged 12 through 19 years from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse, High School Seniors Surveys, and National Health Interview Surveys. RESULTS. Overall smoking prevalence declined much more rapidly from 1974 through …
Evidence that the production of aversive consequences is not necessary to create cognitive dissonance
The present authors hypothesized, in contrast to I influential revision ofcognitive dissonance theory, that the production of aversive consequences is not necessary to create cognitive dissonance and that cognitive dissonance will occur even when aversive consequences are not produced. In Experiment l, participants drank a pleasant- or unpleasant-tasting beverage and were given high or low choice to write a sentence that said they liked the bever…
Telephone coverage and measurement of health risk indicators
OBJECTIVES: This study compared health behavior variables for all US households and households with telephones to measure the potential impact of telephone coverage on estimates from telephone surveys. METHODS: Data were derived from the 1991 through 1994 version of the National Health Interview Survey. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of respondents lived in households with telephones. Differences in health indicators were small (
The Impact of Tobacco Control Programs on Adult Smoking
Objectives. We examined whether state tobacco control programs are effective in reducing the prevalence of adult smoking. Methods. We used state survey data on smoking from 1985 to 2003 in a quasi-experimental design to examine the association between cumulative state antitobacco program expenditures and changes in adult smoking prevalence, after we controlled for confounding. Results. From 1985 to 2003, national adult smoking prevalence declined…
Alcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost in the United States
Objectives. Our goal was to provide current estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in the United States. Methods. We used 2 methods to calculate population-attributable fractions. We based relative risks on meta-analyses published since 2000, and adult alcohol consumption on data from the 2009 Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2009–2010 Natio…
State smoking prevalence estimates
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether there are systematic differences between the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) for state cigarette smoking prevalence estimates. METHODS: BRFSS telephone survey estimates were compared with estimates from the US Census CPS tobacco-use supplements (the CPS sample frame includes persons in households without telephones). Weighted overall and sex- and ra…
Long-Term Trends in Adolescent and Young Adult Smoking in the United States
Objectives. We sought to describe long-term adolescent and young adult smoking trends and patterns. Methods. We analyzed adolescent data from Monitoring the Future, 1976 to 2005, and young adult (aged 18–24 years) data from the National Health Interview Survey, 1974 to 2005, overall and in subpopulations to identify trends in current cigarette smoking prevalence. Results. Five metapatterns emerged: we found (1) a large increase and subsequent dec…
Trends in safety belt use by demographics and by type of state safety belt law, 1987 through 1993
OBJECTIVES: This study examined trends in safety belt use by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and type of safety belt law. METHODS: We analyzed Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data on safety belt use from 33 states for 1987 through 1993 and used linear regression models to determine trends in prevalence. RESULTS: Asian/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics had the highest safety belt use among racial/ethnic groups. Prevalence varied litt…
Metropolitan-Area Estimates of Binge Drinking in the United States
Objectives. We estimated adult binge drinking prevalence in US metropolitan areas. Methods. We analyzed 1997 and 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for 120 metropolitan areas in 48 states and the District of Columbia. Results. The prevalence of binge drinking varied substantially across metropolitan areas, from 4.1% in Chattanooga, Tenn, to 23.9% in San Antonio, Tex, (median = 14.5%). Seventeen of the 20 metropolitan areas with …
State Trends in Uninsurance Among Individuals Aged 18 to 64 Years
Objectives. We analyzed state-specific uninsurance trends among US adults aged 18 to 64 years. Methods. We used logistic regression models to examine Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for uninsurance from 1992 to 2001 in 47 states. Results. Overall, uninsurance rates increased in 35 states and remained unchanged in 12 states. Increases were observed among people aged 30 to 49 years (in 34 states) and 50 to 64 years (in 24 states), a…
Trends in perceived cost as a barrier to medical care, 1991-1996
OBJECTIVES: This study examined trends in perceived cost as a barrier to medical care. METHODS: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to analyze monthly telephone survey data from 45 states. RESULTS: Overall, the percentage of persons perceiving cost as a barrier to medical care increased from 1991 until early 1993 and then declined to baseline values in late 1996. Perceived cost was a greater barrier in 1996 than in 1991 for pe…
State estimates of household exposure to firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns, 1991 through 1995
OBJECTIVES: Variations among states in household exposure to firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns were examined. METHODS: Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 22 states were used to estimate the prevalence of adults and children exposed to household firearms. RESULTS: The prevalence of adults living in households with firearms ranged from 12% to 57%; the corresponding ranges were 1% to 23% for loaded firearms and 5% to 3…
Use of Consumer Survey Data to Target Cessation Messages to Smokers Through Mass Media
Objectives. We identified the mass media channels that reach the most cigarette smokers in an attempt to more effectively target smoking cessation messages. Methods. Reach estimates and index scores for smokers were taken from 2002–2003 ConsumerStyles and HealthStyles national surveys of adults (N=11660) to estimate overall and demographic-specific exposure measures for television, radio, newspapers, and magazines. Results. Smokers viewed more te…
Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States
Objectives. Smokeless tobacco has many adverse health effects. We analyzed long-term national trends in smokeless tobacco use. Methods. We used 1987 to 2000 National Health Interview Survey data for adults aged 18 years and older, 1986 to 2003 data from Monitoring the Future surveys of adolescents, and 1991 to 2003 data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey for 9th- to 12th-grade students to examine overall and demographic-specific trends. Results.…
Trends in smokeless tobacco use among men in four states, 1988 through 1993
OBJECTIVES: Trends in smokeless tobacco use were examined for men in Indiana, Iowa, Montana, and West Virginia from 1988 through 1993. METHODS: State survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics associated with smokeless tobacco use included age less than 35 years, a high school education or less, and rural residence. Overall, there was little change in smokeless tobac…
Confirmation, Explanation, and Logical Strength
Van Fraassen argues that explanatory power cannot be a conformational virtue. In this paper I will show that informational features of scientific theories can be positively relevant to their levels of conformation. Thus, in the cases where the explanatory power of a theory is tied to an informational feature of the theory, it can still be the case that the explanatory power of the theory is positively relevant to its level of confirmation.
Celebrating Easter at Home
Trends in cigarette smoking among US adolescents, 1974 through 1991
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to determine national trends in adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence. METHODS. We conducted trend analyses based on 1974 through 1991 current smoking prevalence data among persons aged 12 through 19 years from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse, High School Seniors Surveys, and National Health Interview Surveys. RESULTS. Overall smoking prevalence declined much more rapidly from 1974 through …
Trends in smokeless tobacco use among men in four states, 1988 through 1993
OBJECTIVES: Trends in smokeless tobacco use were examined for men in Indiana, Iowa, Montana, and West Virginia from 1988 through 1993. METHODS: State survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics associated with smokeless tobacco use included age less than 35 years, a high school education or less, and rural residence. Overall, there was little change in smokeless tobac…
Confirmation, Explanation, and Logical Strength
Van Fraassen argues that explanatory power cannot be a conformational virtue. In this paper I will show that informational features of scientific theories can be positively relevant to their levels of conformation. Thus, in the cases where the explanatory power of a theory is tied to an informational feature of the theory, it can still be the case that the explanatory power of the theory is positively relevant to its level of confirmation.
Evidence that the production of aversive consequences is not necessary to create cognitive dissonance
The present authors hypothesized, in contrast to I influential revision ofcognitive dissonance theory, that the production of aversive consequences is not necessary to create cognitive dissonance and that cognitive dissonance will occur even when aversive consequences are not produced. In Experiment l, participants drank a pleasant- or unpleasant-tasting beverage and were given high or low choice to write a sentence that said they liked the bever…
State smoking prevalence estimates
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether there are systematic differences between the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) for state cigarette smoking prevalence estimates. METHODS: BRFSS telephone survey estimates were compared with estimates from the US Census CPS tobacco-use supplements (the CPS sample frame includes persons in households without telephones). Weighted overall and sex- and ra…
State estimates of household exposure to firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns, 1991 through 1995
OBJECTIVES: Variations among states in household exposure to firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns were examined. METHODS: Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 22 states were used to estimate the prevalence of adults and children exposed to household firearms. RESULTS: The prevalence of adults living in households with firearms ranged from 12% to 57%; the corresponding ranges were 1% to 23% for loaded firearms and 5% to 3…
Telephone coverage and measurement of health risk indicators
OBJECTIVES: This study compared health behavior variables for all US households and households with telephones to measure the potential impact of telephone coverage on estimates from telephone surveys. METHODS: Data were derived from the 1991 through 1994 version of the National Health Interview Survey. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of respondents lived in households with telephones. Differences in health indicators were small (
Trends in safety belt use by demographics and by type of state safety belt law, 1987 through 1993
OBJECTIVES: This study examined trends in safety belt use by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and type of safety belt law. METHODS: We analyzed Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data on safety belt use from 33 states for 1987 through 1993 and used linear regression models to determine trends in prevalence. RESULTS: Asian/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics had the highest safety belt use among racial/ethnic groups. Prevalence varied litt…
Trends in perceived cost as a barrier to medical care, 1991-1996
OBJECTIVES: This study examined trends in perceived cost as a barrier to medical care. METHODS: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to analyze monthly telephone survey data from 45 states. RESULTS: Overall, the percentage of persons perceiving cost as a barrier to medical care increased from 1991 until early 1993 and then declined to baseline values in late 1996. Perceived cost was a greater barrier in 1996 than in 1991 for pe…
Validation of self-reported chronic conditions and health services in a managed care population11The full text of this article is available at http
The Many Faces of Kali
as manifestations of the divine creative ideation, we are created in the divine image. At the same time, we carry that same creative consciousness within and use it to create our own images of divinity according to our needs or understanding
A Comparison of National Estimates From the National Health Interview Survey and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to compare national estimates from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Methods. The authors compared data from the 2 surveys on smoking, height, weight, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, immunization, lack of insurance coverage, cost as a barrier to medical care, and health status. Results. Overall national estimates were similar f…
The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)
Little is known about access, sources, and trust of cancer-related information, or factors that facilitate or hinder communication on a population-wide basis. Through a careful developmental process involving extensive input from many individuals and organizations, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) developed the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to help fill this gap. This nationally representative telephone survey of 6,369 pers…
Metropolitan-Area Estimates of Binge Drinking in the United States
Objectives. We estimated adult binge drinking prevalence in US metropolitan areas. Methods. We analyzed 1997 and 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for 120 metropolitan areas in 48 states and the District of Columbia. Results. The prevalence of binge drinking varied substantially across metropolitan areas, from 4.1% in Chattanooga, Tenn, to 23.9% in San Antonio, Tex, (median = 14.5%). Seventeen of the 20 metropolitan areas with …
State Trends in Uninsurance Among Individuals Aged 18 to 64 Years
Objectives. We analyzed state-specific uninsurance trends among US adults aged 18 to 64 years. Methods. We used logistic regression models to examine Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for uninsurance from 1992 to 2001 in 47 states. Results. Overall, uninsurance rates increased in 35 states and remained unchanged in 12 states. Increases were observed among people aged 30 to 49 years (in 34 states) and 50 to 64 years (in 24 states), a…
Trust and Sources of Health Information
BACKGROUND: The context in which patients consume health information has changed dramatically with diffusion of the Internet, advances in telemedicine, and changes in media health coverage. The objective of this study was to provide nationally representative estimates for health-related uses of the Internet, level of trust in health information sources, and preferences for cancer information sources. METHODS: Data from the Health Information Nati…
Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States
Objectives. Smokeless tobacco has many adverse health effects. We analyzed long-term national trends in smokeless tobacco use. Methods. We used 1987 to 2000 National Health Interview Survey data for adults aged 18 years and older, 1986 to 2003 data from Monitoring the Future surveys of adolescents, and 1991 to 2003 data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey for 9th- to 12th-grade students to examine overall and demographic-specific trends. Results.…
Use of Consumer Survey Data to Target Cessation Messages to Smokers Through Mass Media
Objectives. We identified the mass media channels that reach the most cigarette smokers in an attempt to more effectively target smoking cessation messages. Methods. Reach estimates and index scores for smokers were taken from 2002–2003 ConsumerStyles and HealthStyles national surveys of adults (N=11660) to estimate overall and demographic-specific exposure measures for television, radio, newspapers, and magazines. Results. Smokers viewed more te…
The Impact of Tobacco Control Programs on Adult Smoking
Objectives. We examined whether state tobacco control programs are effective in reducing the prevalence of adult smoking. Methods. We used state survey data on smoking from 1985 to 2003 in a quasi-experimental design to examine the association between cumulative state antitobacco program expenditures and changes in adult smoking prevalence, after we controlled for confounding. Results. From 1985 to 2003, national adult smoking prevalence declined…
Long-Term Trends in Adolescent and Young Adult Smoking in the United States
Objectives. We sought to describe long-term adolescent and young adult smoking trends and patterns. Methods. We analyzed adolescent data from Monitoring the Future, 1976 to 2005, and young adult (aged 18–24 years) data from the National Health Interview Survey, 1974 to 2005, overall and in subpopulations to identify trends in current cigarette smoking prevalence. Results. Five metapatterns emerged: we found (1) a large increase and subsequent dec…
Making Data Talk
This book reviews the science and art of communicating data, that is, “the numbers” to lay audiences. It reviews the vast and varied literature on this topic to provide practical advice on whether, and how, data should be communicated. This book is based on five overarching themes. Firstly, there needs to be an increased awareness of the many factors and complexities to be considered, and also of the possible choices, when selecting and presentin…
Making Data Talk
1. Introduction 2. Communication Fundamentals 3. Overcoming General Audience Tendencies and Biases to Enhance Lay Understanding of Data 4. Presenting Data 5. Putting it all Together: Communicating Data for Public Health Impact 6. Communicating Data in Acute Public Health Situations 7. Communicating Data for Policy or Program Advocacy 8. Conclusions and New Challenges
Trends in US newspaper and television coverage of tobacco
News coverage of tobacco in the USA was relatively constant from 2004 to 2010. Audiences were more likely to be exposed to different tobacco themes in newspapers/newswires than on television. Tracking information about tobacco news stories can be used by advocates, programs and others for planning and evaluation, and by researchers for hypothesis generation
Alcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost in the United States
Objectives. Our goal was to provide current estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in the United States. Methods. We used 2 methods to calculate population-attributable fractions. We based relative risks on meta-analyses published since 2000, and adult alcohol consumption on data from the 2009 Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2009–2010 Natio…
Medicine (21 works) · Environmental health (18 works) · Demography (13 works) · Population (13 works) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (10 works) · Psychology (9 works) · Political science (8 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Public health (7 works) · Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (6 works)