Charles M Crumbaugh
Biographic Data
| ID | 4236108 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Charles M Crumbaugh |
| GIVEN NAMES | Charles M |
| FAMILY NAME | Crumbaugh |
| SIGNATURE | CRUMBAUGH C M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Southern Methodist University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 10 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 5 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 10 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1966 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Comparison of Pattern Discrimination With Traditional External-S Discrimination in the Rat
12 rats were trained in a runway on a single alternating partial reward schedule and 12 others on an irregular partial reward schedule. Six rats within each schedule were provided with auditory stimuli paired with R or N trials. Reliable discriminations developed in both groups receiving external stimuli as well as the group receiving the alternating schedule but no auditory stimuli (pattern discrimination group). The alternating schedule produce…
Varied Reward Magnitude Effects in the Rat
3 groups of 10 rats were trained for 6 trials per day for 34 days on one of the following reward schedules: 2 pellets on odd trials and 4 pellets on even trials (Group 2–4), 2 pellets on odd trials and 8 pellets on even trials (Group 2–8), and 2 pellets on odd trials and 16 pellets on even trials (Group 2–16). Following acquisition, extinction training was given at 6 trials per day for 6 days. In acquisition, the 2–16 group learned to run fast on…
Discrimination and Extinction as a Function of Internal and External Discriminanda
32 rats were trained on a successive discrimination problem for 40 days. 4 separate groups received the factorial combinations of presence vs absence of internal (aftereffects) or external (alley color) discriminanda. Discrimination learning was quite apparent in the rats with external cues but failed to develop in the rats trained only with internal cues. During an extinction phase the rats trained with only internal cues proved to be more persi…
Pattern Discrimination Based on Intermittent Punishment
2 groups of 10 rats were trained in a runway with consistent reward and intermittent punishment. One group received the shocks according to a single alternation schedule and the second group was trained with an irregular schedule. The animals in the alternating schedule, but not the irregular schedule, learned a pattern discrimination suggesting that punishment produces a unique stimulus aftereffect
Facilitation of an N-R Pattern Discrimination by Shock on N Trials
Two groups of rats ( N = 10) were trained in a runway on a single alternation partial reward schedule. One group received electric shock contingent on running on all nonrewarded trials. The remaining animals received identical shocks but during selected intertrial intervals and not contingent on the running response. Both groups learned a pattern discrimination but the contingent-shock animals learned earlier and performed better than the non-con…
N -Length and Intertrial Reward
2 experiments investigating the effects of intertrial reward on resistance to extinction following partial reward schedules containing N-lengths (number of consecutive nonrewards preceding a rewarded trial) of 1, 2, or 3. It was found that intertrial rewards completely eliminated the partial reinforcement effect for all N-lengths when run times were considered but had no effect on goal times. These data were discussed in terms of their relevance …
Resistance to Extinction as a Function of the Number of Small and Large Rewarded Runway Trials
4 groups of 10 rats were trained in a runway for 0, 5, 10, or 15 small rewarded (2 pellets) trials prior to being shifted to large reward (24 pellets) for the remainder of 45 trials. Acquisition performance was slower for small than for large reward during the early trials but the groups were not different by the end of acquisition. Resistance to extinction was an increasing linear function of the number of small rewarded trials
Free Operant Response Reinstatement during Extinction and Time-Contingent (DRO) Rewards
3 experiments are reported on the reinstatement of a bar-press response by rats during free operant extinction. After extended training on a VR schedule of food reward, an extinction procedure in which reward was negatively correlated with the bar-press response was initiated, i.e., reward was presented after 4 min of no bar presses. Results indicated that pause-contingent reward served to increase the rate of responding beyond what could be expl…
Presentation Format, Other-Person Strategies, and Cooperative Behavior in the Prisoner's Dilemma
80 college students played a 50-trial Prisoner's Dilemma. Variables were manipulated at 2 levels each: (1) presentation format (matrix vs nonmatrix), (2) initial behavior of the confederate (hostile vs neutral), and (3) contingency of the confederate's choices (contingent cooperation vs noncontingent). Ss under the nonmatrix condition cooperated significantly more frequently than did Ss under the matrix condition and Ss playing with a confederate…
Effects of prisoner's dilemma format on cooperative behavior
Effects of prisoner's dilemma format on cooperative behavior
Presentation Format, Other-Person Strategies, and Cooperative Behavior in the Prisoner's Dilemma
80 college students played a 50-trial Prisoner's Dilemma. Variables were manipulated at 2 levels each: (1) presentation format (matrix vs nonmatrix), (2) initial behavior of the confederate (hostile vs neutral), and (3) contingency of the confederate's choices (contingent cooperation vs noncontingent). Ss under the nonmatrix condition cooperated significantly more frequently than did Ss under the matrix condition and Ss playing with a confederate…
Free Operant Response Reinstatement during Extinction and Time-Contingent (DRO) Rewards
3 experiments are reported on the reinstatement of a bar-press response by rats during free operant extinction. After extended training on a VR schedule of food reward, an extinction procedure in which reward was negatively correlated with the bar-press response was initiated, i.e., reward was presented after 4 min of no bar presses. Results indicated that pause-contingent reward served to increase the rate of responding beyond what could be expl…
N -Length and Intertrial Reward
2 experiments investigating the effects of intertrial reward on resistance to extinction following partial reward schedules containing N-lengths (number of consecutive nonrewards preceding a rewarded trial) of 1, 2, or 3. It was found that intertrial rewards completely eliminated the partial reinforcement effect for all N-lengths when run times were considered but had no effect on goal times. These data were discussed in terms of their relevance …
Resistance to Extinction as a Function of the Number of Small and Large Rewarded Runway Trials
4 groups of 10 rats were trained in a runway for 0, 5, 10, or 15 small rewarded (2 pellets) trials prior to being shifted to large reward (24 pellets) for the remainder of 45 trials. Acquisition performance was slower for small than for large reward during the early trials but the groups were not different by the end of acquisition. Resistance to extinction was an increasing linear function of the number of small rewarded trials
Pattern Discrimination Based on Intermittent Punishment
2 groups of 10 rats were trained in a runway with consistent reward and intermittent punishment. One group received the shocks according to a single alternation schedule and the second group was trained with an irregular schedule. The animals in the alternating schedule, but not the irregular schedule, learned a pattern discrimination suggesting that punishment produces a unique stimulus aftereffect
Facilitation of an N-R Pattern Discrimination by Shock on N Trials
Two groups of rats ( N = 10) were trained in a runway on a single alternation partial reward schedule. One group received electric shock contingent on running on all nonrewarded trials. The remaining animals received identical shocks but during selected intertrial intervals and not contingent on the running response. Both groups learned a pattern discrimination but the contingent-shock animals learned earlier and performed better than the non-con…
Comparison of Pattern Discrimination With Traditional External-S Discrimination in the Rat
12 rats were trained in a runway on a single alternating partial reward schedule and 12 others on an irregular partial reward schedule. Six rats within each schedule were provided with auditory stimuli paired with R or N trials. Reliable discriminations developed in both groups receiving external stimuli as well as the group receiving the alternating schedule but no auditory stimuli (pattern discrimination group). The alternating schedule produce…
Varied Reward Magnitude Effects in the Rat
3 groups of 10 rats were trained for 6 trials per day for 34 days on one of the following reward schedules: 2 pellets on odd trials and 4 pellets on even trials (Group 2–4), 2 pellets on odd trials and 8 pellets on even trials (Group 2–8), and 2 pellets on odd trials and 16 pellets on even trials (Group 2–16). Following acquisition, extinction training was given at 6 trials per day for 6 days. In acquisition, the 2–16 group learned to run fast on…
Discrimination and Extinction as a Function of Internal and External Discriminanda
32 rats were trained on a successive discrimination problem for 40 days. 4 separate groups received the factorial combinations of presence vs absence of internal (aftereffects) or external (alley color) discriminanda. Discrimination learning was quite apparent in the rats with external cues but failed to develop in the rats trained only with internal cues. During an extinction phase the rats trained with only internal cues proved to be more persi…
Psychology (10 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Medicine (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Audiology (5 works) · Extinction (optical mineralogy (5 works) · Cognitive psychology (4 works) · Developmental psychology (4 works) · Physics (4 works) · Stress Responses and Cortisol (3 works)