Tommy L Brown
Biographic Data
| ID | 4257233 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tommy L Brown |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tommy L |
| FAMILY NAME | Brown |
| SIGNATURE | BROWN T L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Cornell University |
| ORCID | 0009-0003-4838-3522 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 56 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Gender-Biased Data in Survey Research Regarding Wildlife
Underrepresentation of females among respondents to mail surveys focused on wildlife is a growing concern for survey researchers. In an effort to better understand why females are underrepresented, we analyzed the sample frame of a wildlife-focused survey for which a notable disparity existed between the number of male and female respondents in relation to actual population figures. An analysis of the sample frame used for this study indicated th…
Hunters' and Other Citizens' Reactions to Discovery of CWD in Central New York
The discovery of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in New York in March 2005 resulted in a major effort by state and federal natural resource agencies to contain the disease, protect wild deer herds, and inform the public about the disease. One of the most urgent information needs of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) concerned the level of awareness of CWD among hunters and other New York residents. A “rapid respons…
Learning by Doing
Increasing numbers of urban and suburban communities are facing the problem of learning to manage large populations of white-tailed deer in close proximity to large numbers of people. Some communities have been trying to address such problems for decades, and what they have learned from their experience could help other communities just beginning to face these problems. This study used the policy learning literature to explore what key stakeholde…
Introduction to Special Issue on Global Community-Based Wildlife Management Issues
Managing Community Controversy in Suburban Wildlife Management
Wildlife managers in the United States are devoting greater attention to wildlife in suburban areas, where wildlife in close proximity to people pose problems. Local community leaders and residents often demand to be involved with management decision-making. Wildlife managers attempt to facilitate development of community-derived management objectives and implement management actions tailored to local needs and circumstances. Promoting collaborat…
Research Needs to Support Community-Based Wildlife Management
This article summarizes continuing research needs to inform and support improved community-based wildlife management. These research needs include developing an improved understanding of human communities and their relationship to protected areas, better incorporating input from local or indigenous people into management decisions, and better understanding whether support or opposition for a given policy has primarily a cultural or economic root …
Factors Affecting Response Rates to Natural Resource - Focused Mail Surveys
We analyzed factors that could affect response rates for 105 mail surveys conducted by the Human Dimensions Research Unit at Cornell University between 1971 and 2000. The surveys addressed diverse natural resource-based topics and involved a variety of study populations. We tested the null hypothesis that response rates to natural resource-focused mail surveys are not changing over time. We found the best multiple regression model (adjusted R 2 =…
Options for maintaining high fishing satisfaction in situations of declining catch rates
This study was designed to determine whether other fishing‐related recreation opportunities could be introduced that would add to anglers’ possible trip satisfaction and possibly overcome their trip satisfaction lost from having a reduced catch rate. A sample of 1,500 anglers was queried by mail in 1995 and asked to recall their two most recent trips to Lake Ontario in New York State. The analysis was based on 700 trip reports. Stepwise regressio…
Assessing the relative importance of recall bias and nonresponse bias and adjusting for those biases in statewide angler surveys
Accurate information about angler effort and expenditures, obtained at a reasonable cost, is very important to fisheries managers and planners. Several sources of systematic bias in measurement can affect estimates of participation. We used regression analysis to examine nonresponse and recall bias. We compared respondents’ estimates of days fished based on a 12‐month‐recall mail survey, its nonrespondent phone follow‐up, and a quarterly phone su…
Acceptance of beaver and actions to address nuisance beaver problems in New York
Using diaries to estimate fishing effort and fish consumption
This paper examines both the strengths and weaknesses of the diary method, focusing on a recent use of the method for measuring both fishing participation and fish consumption. A diary was sent to the 1,202 anglers willing to keep a record of fish consumption and fishing trips to Lake Ontario and other New York waters in 1992. Participants were contacted by telephone every three months to retrieve information recorded in the diary. A subsample of…
Interests of urban residents in wildlife education programs in two Urban settings
Interests of urban residents in wildlife education programs in two Urban settings." , 1(2), pp. 72–73
Citizen Participation Approaches for Successful Beaver Management
Satisfactions, dissatisfactions, and management preferences of New York state turkey hunters
84 pages
Effects of Category Order on Answers in Mail and Telephone Surveys1
Past research suggests that mail surveys encourage a primacy effect, which is a tendency to choose the first answers from a list, whereas telephone surveys encourage a recency effect, a tendency to choose the last answers from a list. This paper summarizes results from 82 new experiments conducted in 12 separate surveys in seven states. Only four of 33 mail survey comparisons exhibited significant primacy effects, while five of 26 experiments in …
Effect of social desirability bias and memory recall on reported contributions to a wildlife income tax checkoff program
In this study of contributors and noncontributors to New York's “Return a Gift To Wildlife'’ tax checkoff program, mail survey responses reporting contributions to the program could be validated with tax records. Evidence was found of memory‐recall errors and social desirability bias. The degree of bias was estimated to exceed twice the current contribution rate. Sociodemographic characteristics and participation in wildlife‐related activities af…
Item Response Bias in Angler Expenditures
Item response bias associated with the reporting of recreation-related expenditures was examined in a survey of anglers fishing in New York State. Nonresponse to the at-location expenditure item was high (20%) compared to days fished at a location (4%) and various satisfaction and management preference items (<1%). One-way distance to the fishing site appeared to best explain nonresponse to the at-location expenditure item; as miles traveled incr…
Response to mail surveys on resource‐based recreation topics
The ability to predict response rates to mail surveys is important in estimating sample size and in assessing the probable need for a nonrespondent follow‐up study to improve the accuracy of population estimates. Predictive models of response rates to mail surveys are scarce, and none has examined leisure or recreation resource‐related studies. This report starts with a behavioral model that takes the potential respondent's perspective. On the ba…
Tourism and employment in the Adirondack Park
Using Origin-Destination Analysis in Marketing Tourism for Large Natural Regions
Although origin-destination information is often obtained in tourism marketing studies, the data are often analyzed in a format too general to be most useful for promotional purposes. This study utilizes visitor residence data to determine tourist destination subregions of a large natural region, the Adirondack Park in upstate New York. It then classifies, visitors to these subregions by geographic residence regions corresponding to these receivi…
Non‐respondents in homogeneous groups
Clues to Reasons for Nonresponse, and its Effect upon Variable Estimates
From 17 recreation based studies completed over the past seven years, which have used similar mail questionnaire techniques, the authors have induced the effects of the topics of studies and their appeal to study audiences on return rates. Studies of more specific audiences who are particularly interested and involved in the subject of the study, studies involving specific resource areas, and studies which address an issue are shown to evoke high…
Methods of Improving Recreation Projections
Factors Affecting Response Rates to Natural Resource - Focused Mail Surveys
We analyzed factors that could affect response rates for 105 mail surveys conducted by the Human Dimensions Research Unit at Cornell University between 1971 and 2000. The surveys addressed diverse natural resource-based topics and involved a variety of study populations. We tested the null hypothesis that response rates to natural resource-focused mail surveys are not changing over time. We found the best multiple regression model (adjusted R 2 =…
Effects of Category Order on Answers in Mail and Telephone Surveys1
Past research suggests that mail surveys encourage a primacy effect, which is a tendency to choose the first answers from a list, whereas telephone surveys encourage a recency effect, a tendency to choose the last answers from a list. This paper summarizes results from 82 new experiments conducted in 12 separate surveys in seven states. Only four of 33 mail survey comparisons exhibited significant primacy effects, while five of 26 experiments in …
Clues to Reasons for Nonresponse, and its Effect upon Variable Estimates
From 17 recreation based studies completed over the past seven years, which have used similar mail questionnaire techniques, the authors have induced the effects of the topics of studies and their appeal to study audiences on return rates. Studies of more specific audiences who are particularly interested and involved in the subject of the study, studies involving specific resource areas, and studies which address an issue are shown to evoke high…
Methods of Improving Recreation Projections
Response to mail surveys on resource‐based recreation topics
The ability to predict response rates to mail surveys is important in estimating sample size and in assessing the probable need for a nonrespondent follow‐up study to improve the accuracy of population estimates. Predictive models of response rates to mail surveys are scarce, and none has examined leisure or recreation resource‐related studies. This report starts with a behavioral model that takes the potential respondent's perspective. On the ba…
Learning by Doing
Increasing numbers of urban and suburban communities are facing the problem of learning to manage large populations of white-tailed deer in close proximity to large numbers of people. Some communities have been trying to address such problems for decades, and what they have learned from their experience could help other communities just beginning to face these problems. This study used the policy learning literature to explore what key stakeholde…
Non‐respondents in homogeneous groups
Gender-Biased Data in Survey Research Regarding Wildlife
Underrepresentation of females among respondents to mail surveys focused on wildlife is a growing concern for survey researchers. In an effort to better understand why females are underrepresented, we analyzed the sample frame of a wildlife-focused survey for which a notable disparity existed between the number of male and female respondents in relation to actual population figures. An analysis of the sample frame used for this study indicated th…
Tourism and employment in the Adirondack Park
Methods of Improving Recreation Projections
Clues to Reasons for Nonresponse, and its Effect upon Variable Estimates
From 17 recreation based studies completed over the past seven years, which have used similar mail questionnaire techniques, the authors have induced the effects of the topics of studies and their appeal to study audiences on return rates. Studies of more specific audiences who are particularly interested and involved in the subject of the study, studies involving specific resource areas, and studies which address an issue are shown to evoke high…
Non‐respondents in homogeneous groups
Using Origin-Destination Analysis in Marketing Tourism for Large Natural Regions
Although origin-destination information is often obtained in tourism marketing studies, the data are often analyzed in a format too general to be most useful for promotional purposes. This study utilizes visitor residence data to determine tourist destination subregions of a large natural region, the Adirondack Park in upstate New York. It then classifies, visitors to these subregions by geographic residence regions corresponding to these receivi…
Tourism and employment in the Adirondack Park
Response to mail surveys on resource‐based recreation topics
The ability to predict response rates to mail surveys is important in estimating sample size and in assessing the probable need for a nonrespondent follow‐up study to improve the accuracy of population estimates. Predictive models of response rates to mail surveys are scarce, and none has examined leisure or recreation resource‐related studies. This report starts with a behavioral model that takes the potential respondent's perspective. On the ba…
Item Response Bias in Angler Expenditures
Item response bias associated with the reporting of recreation-related expenditures was examined in a survey of anglers fishing in New York State. Nonresponse to the at-location expenditure item was high (20%) compared to days fished at a location (4%) and various satisfaction and management preference items (<1%). One-way distance to the fishing site appeared to best explain nonresponse to the at-location expenditure item; as miles traveled incr…
Effect of social desirability bias and memory recall on reported contributions to a wildlife income tax checkoff program
In this study of contributors and noncontributors to New York's “Return a Gift To Wildlife'’ tax checkoff program, mail survey responses reporting contributions to the program could be validated with tax records. Evidence was found of memory‐recall errors and social desirability bias. The degree of bias was estimated to exceed twice the current contribution rate. Sociodemographic characteristics and participation in wildlife‐related activities af…
Effects of Category Order on Answers in Mail and Telephone Surveys1
Past research suggests that mail surveys encourage a primacy effect, which is a tendency to choose the first answers from a list, whereas telephone surveys encourage a recency effect, a tendency to choose the last answers from a list. This paper summarizes results from 82 new experiments conducted in 12 separate surveys in seven states. Only four of 33 mail survey comparisons exhibited significant primacy effects, while five of 26 experiments in …
Using diaries to estimate fishing effort and fish consumption
This paper examines both the strengths and weaknesses of the diary method, focusing on a recent use of the method for measuring both fishing participation and fish consumption. A diary was sent to the 1,202 anglers willing to keep a record of fish consumption and fishing trips to Lake Ontario and other New York waters in 1992. Participants were contacted by telephone every three months to retrieve information recorded in the diary. A subsample of…
Interests of urban residents in wildlife education programs in two Urban settings
Interests of urban residents in wildlife education programs in two Urban settings." , 1(2), pp. 72–73
Citizen Participation Approaches for Successful Beaver Management
Satisfactions, dissatisfactions, and management preferences of New York state turkey hunters
84 pages
Acceptance of beaver and actions to address nuisance beaver problems in New York
Options for maintaining high fishing satisfaction in situations of declining catch rates
This study was designed to determine whether other fishing‐related recreation opportunities could be introduced that would add to anglers’ possible trip satisfaction and possibly overcome their trip satisfaction lost from having a reduced catch rate. A sample of 1,500 anglers was queried by mail in 1995 and asked to recall their two most recent trips to Lake Ontario in New York State. The analysis was based on 700 trip reports. Stepwise regressio…
Assessing the relative importance of recall bias and nonresponse bias and adjusting for those biases in statewide angler surveys
Accurate information about angler effort and expenditures, obtained at a reasonable cost, is very important to fisheries managers and planners. Several sources of systematic bias in measurement can affect estimates of participation. We used regression analysis to examine nonresponse and recall bias. We compared respondents’ estimates of days fished based on a 12‐month‐recall mail survey, its nonrespondent phone follow‐up, and a quarterly phone su…
Factors Affecting Response Rates to Natural Resource - Focused Mail Surveys
We analyzed factors that could affect response rates for 105 mail surveys conducted by the Human Dimensions Research Unit at Cornell University between 1971 and 2000. The surveys addressed diverse natural resource-based topics and involved a variety of study populations. We tested the null hypothesis that response rates to natural resource-focused mail surveys are not changing over time. We found the best multiple regression model (adjusted R 2 =…
Introduction to Special Issue on Global Community-Based Wildlife Management Issues
Managing Community Controversy in Suburban Wildlife Management
Wildlife managers in the United States are devoting greater attention to wildlife in suburban areas, where wildlife in close proximity to people pose problems. Local community leaders and residents often demand to be involved with management decision-making. Wildlife managers attempt to facilitate development of community-derived management objectives and implement management actions tailored to local needs and circumstances. Promoting collaborat…
Research Needs to Support Community-Based Wildlife Management
This article summarizes continuing research needs to inform and support improved community-based wildlife management. These research needs include developing an improved understanding of human communities and their relationship to protected areas, better incorporating input from local or indigenous people into management decisions, and better understanding whether support or opposition for a given policy has primarily a cultural or economic root …
Hunters' and Other Citizens' Reactions to Discovery of CWD in Central New York
The discovery of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in New York in March 2005 resulted in a major effort by state and federal natural resource agencies to contain the disease, protect wild deer herds, and inform the public about the disease. One of the most urgent information needs of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) concerned the level of awareness of CWD among hunters and other New York residents. A “rapid respons…
Learning by Doing
Increasing numbers of urban and suburban communities are facing the problem of learning to manage large populations of white-tailed deer in close proximity to large numbers of people. Some communities have been trying to address such problems for decades, and what they have learned from their experience could help other communities just beginning to face these problems. This study used the policy learning literature to explore what key stakeholde…
Gender-Biased Data in Survey Research Regarding Wildlife
Underrepresentation of females among respondents to mail surveys focused on wildlife is a growing concern for survey researchers. In an effort to better understand why females are underrepresented, we analyzed the sample frame of a wildlife-focused survey for which a notable disparity existed between the number of male and female respondents in relation to actual population figures. An analysis of the sample frame used for this study indicated th…
Geography (16 works) · Political science (13 works) · Psychology (11 works) · Economics (10 works) · Economic and Environmental Valuation (9 works) · Business (8 works) · Ecology (8 works) · Mathematics (8 works) · Survey Methodology and Nonresponse (8 works) · Wildlife (8 works)