H Xavier Jara
Biographic Data
| ID | 4264082 |
|---|---|
| NAME | H Xavier Jara |
| GIVEN NAMES | H Xavier |
| FAMILY NAME | Jara |
| SIGNATURE | JARA H X |
| AFFILIATIONS | Institute for Social and Economic Research |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6648-2653 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 15 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 16 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Heterogeneous income gradients in early motherhood in Mexico
The Role of Tax‐Benefit Systems in Reducing the Gender Income Gap in Latin America
This paper aims to assess the extent to which cash transfers, direct taxes, and social insurance contributions help to reduce gender income inequalities in seven Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. We apply microsimulation techniques to household survey data and allocate incomes within the household, assuming that each person retains the income they receive (e.g., earnings, benefits targetin…
Two decades of tax-benefit reforms in Ecuador
Social gaps, perceived inequality and protests
Latent feelings of economic vulnerability and social stagnation may have catalyzed the unprecedented uprisings that shook Latin America and other parts of the world in 2018–2019. We document this process in the context of Chile, leveraging survey data on protest participation and its potential determinants. Specifically, we construct a “social gap” index, measuring the disconnect between objective and perceived social status. Our findings suggest…
Rethinking social assistance amid the Covid‐19 pandemic
In the face of increased uncertainty and a slow economic recovery, it is crucial to protect populations from the effects of systemic crises beyond the narrow goal of poverty reduction. In Ecuador, social assistance programs had little effect in reducing earnings losses caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, leading to a renewed discussion on the implementation of a universal basic income (UBI). This study evaluates the potential impact of social assist…
A European Unemployment Benefit to Protect Atypical Workers
This paper evaluates the potential of a common unemployment insurance scheme for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU-UI) to improve income protection of atypical workers, namely those in part-time and temporary contracts. Our approach relies on simulating entitlements to national unemployment insurance and the EMU-UI to assess their effects on the household disposable income of atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our results show that…
The role of automatic stabilizers and emergency tax–benefit policies during the Covid-19 pandemic in Ecuador
This paper makes use of tax–benefit microsimulation techniques to quantify the distributional effects of COVID-19 in Ecuador and the role of tax–benefit policies in mitigating the immediate impact of the economic shocks. Our results show a dramatic increase in income poverty and inequality between December 2019 and June 2020. The poverty rate, measured with the national poverty line, goes up from 25.7 to 58.2 per cent over this period and extreme…
The Role of Automatic Stabilizers and Emergency Tax–Benefit Policies During the Covid-19 Pandemic
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1057/s41287-021-00490-1
Second Earners and In-Work Poverty in Europe
Dual or multiple earnership has been considered an important factor to prevent in-work poverty. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of second earnership on the risk of in-work poverty and the role of the tax-benefit system in moderating this risk. Our analysis refers to 2014 and employs EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union and the United Kingdom. In order to assess the role of second earners in prevent…
Atypical Work and Unemployment Protection in Europe
This article evaluates the degree of income protection that the tax‐benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our approach relies on simulating transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce in EU member states to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers, who are also…
‘Fair’ welfare comparisons with heterogeneous tastes
Work Incentives at the Extensive and Intensive Margin in Europe
Unemployment insurance and income protection in Ecuador
This paper explores the role of the recently introduced unemployment insurance benefit (seguro de desempleo) in protecting incomes in case of unemployment in Ecuador. We use ECUAMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for Ecuador, to simulate entitlement to the unemployment insurance benefit and calculate its effect on household disposable income in case individuals enter unemployment. Our results show that only around a quarter of the working…
Top income adjustments and tax reforms in Ecuador
Top income under-coverage in developing countries not only leads to downward biased inequality indicators but might also affect the ex-ante evaluation of progressive tax reforms. We propose a simple adjustment to top incomes for formal employees (e.g. employees affiliated with social security) in survey data from Ecuador based on information from administrative tax records. ECUAMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for Ecuador, is then used …
Putting measures of individual well-being to use for ex-ante policy evaluation
Most studies using microsimulation techniques have considered the effect of potential reforms on the income distribution. However, it has become increasingly recognized, both at the academic and political level, that focusing purely on income provides a limited picture of social progress. We illustrate how ex-ante policy evaluation can be performed in terms of richer concepts of individual well-being, such as subjective life satisfaction and equi…
Learning from your neighbor
Over the last decades, Latin American countries have experienced a noticeable decrease in income inequality. While this trend is mainly associated with a decline in wage inequality, progressive reforms of the tax-benefit systems of the region may have played a role. While redistributive systems in Latin America are still in their infancy, they are constantly expanding and do so at different pace in the region. To investigate this point in a compa…
Atypical Work and Unemployment Protection in Europe
This article evaluates the degree of income protection that the tax‐benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our approach relies on simulating transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce in EU member states to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers, who are also…
Second Earners and In-Work Poverty in Europe
Dual or multiple earnership has been considered an important factor to prevent in-work poverty. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of second earnership on the risk of in-work poverty and the role of the tax-benefit system in moderating this risk. Our analysis refers to 2014 and employs EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union and the United Kingdom. In order to assess the role of second earners in prevent…
The Role of Automatic Stabilizers and Emergency Tax–Benefit Policies During the Covid-19 Pandemic
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1057/s41287-021-00490-1
Work Incentives at the Extensive and Intensive Margin in Europe
Putting measures of individual well-being to use for ex-ante policy evaluation
Most studies using microsimulation techniques have considered the effect of potential reforms on the income distribution. However, it has become increasingly recognized, both at the academic and political level, that focusing purely on income provides a limited picture of social progress. We illustrate how ex-ante policy evaluation can be performed in terms of richer concepts of individual well-being, such as subjective life satisfaction and equi…
Learning from your neighbor
Over the last decades, Latin American countries have experienced a noticeable decrease in income inequality. While this trend is mainly associated with a decline in wage inequality, progressive reforms of the tax-benefit systems of the region may have played a role. While redistributive systems in Latin America are still in their infancy, they are constantly expanding and do so at different pace in the region. To investigate this point in a compa…
Putting measures of individual well-being to use for ex-ante policy evaluation
Most studies using microsimulation techniques have considered the effect of potential reforms on the income distribution. However, it has become increasingly recognized, both at the academic and political level, that focusing purely on income provides a limited picture of social progress. We illustrate how ex-ante policy evaluation can be performed in terms of richer concepts of individual well-being, such as subjective life satisfaction and equi…
Learning from your neighbor
Over the last decades, Latin American countries have experienced a noticeable decrease in income inequality. While this trend is mainly associated with a decline in wage inequality, progressive reforms of the tax-benefit systems of the region may have played a role. While redistributive systems in Latin America are still in their infancy, they are constantly expanding and do so at different pace in the region. To investigate this point in a compa…
Unemployment insurance and income protection in Ecuador
This paper explores the role of the recently introduced unemployment insurance benefit (seguro de desempleo) in protecting incomes in case of unemployment in Ecuador. We use ECUAMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for Ecuador, to simulate entitlement to the unemployment insurance benefit and calculate its effect on household disposable income in case individuals enter unemployment. Our results show that only around a quarter of the working…
Top income adjustments and tax reforms in Ecuador
Top income under-coverage in developing countries not only leads to downward biased inequality indicators but might also affect the ex-ante evaluation of progressive tax reforms. We propose a simple adjustment to top incomes for formal employees (e.g. employees affiliated with social security) in survey data from Ecuador based on information from administrative tax records. ECUAMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for Ecuador, is then used …
‘Fair’ welfare comparisons with heterogeneous tastes
Work Incentives at the Extensive and Intensive Margin in Europe
The role of automatic stabilizers and emergency tax–benefit policies during the Covid-19 pandemic in Ecuador
This paper makes use of tax–benefit microsimulation techniques to quantify the distributional effects of COVID-19 in Ecuador and the role of tax–benefit policies in mitigating the immediate impact of the economic shocks. Our results show a dramatic increase in income poverty and inequality between December 2019 and June 2020. The poverty rate, measured with the national poverty line, goes up from 25.7 to 58.2 per cent over this period and extreme…
The Role of Automatic Stabilizers and Emergency Tax–Benefit Policies During the Covid-19 Pandemic
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1057/s41287-021-00490-1
Second Earners and In-Work Poverty in Europe
Dual or multiple earnership has been considered an important factor to prevent in-work poverty. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of second earnership on the risk of in-work poverty and the role of the tax-benefit system in moderating this risk. Our analysis refers to 2014 and employs EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union and the United Kingdom. In order to assess the role of second earners in prevent…
Atypical Work and Unemployment Protection in Europe
This article evaluates the degree of income protection that the tax‐benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our approach relies on simulating transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce in EU member states to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers, who are also…
Rethinking social assistance amid the Covid‐19 pandemic
In the face of increased uncertainty and a slow economic recovery, it is crucial to protect populations from the effects of systemic crises beyond the narrow goal of poverty reduction. In Ecuador, social assistance programs had little effect in reducing earnings losses caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, leading to a renewed discussion on the implementation of a universal basic income (UBI). This study evaluates the potential impact of social assist…
A European Unemployment Benefit to Protect Atypical Workers
This paper evaluates the potential of a common unemployment insurance scheme for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU-UI) to improve income protection of atypical workers, namely those in part-time and temporary contracts. Our approach relies on simulating entitlements to national unemployment insurance and the EMU-UI to assess their effects on the household disposable income of atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our results show that…
The Role of Tax‐Benefit Systems in Reducing the Gender Income Gap in Latin America
This paper aims to assess the extent to which cash transfers, direct taxes, and social insurance contributions help to reduce gender income inequalities in seven Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. We apply microsimulation techniques to household survey data and allocate incomes within the household, assuming that each person retains the income they receive (e.g., earnings, benefits targetin…
Two decades of tax-benefit reforms in Ecuador
Social gaps, perceived inequality and protests
Latent feelings of economic vulnerability and social stagnation may have catalyzed the unprecedented uprisings that shook Latin America and other parts of the world in 2018–2019. We document this process in the context of Chile, leveraging survey data on protest participation and its potential determinants. Specifically, we construct a “social gap” index, measuring the disconnect between objective and perceived social status. Our findings suggest…
Heterogeneous income gradients in early motherhood in Mexico
Economics (14 works) · Economic growth (10 works) · Demographic economics (9 works) · Poverty (9 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (8 works) · Income, Poverty, and Inequality (8 works) · Inequality (8 works) · Public economics (7 works) · Labour economics (6 works) · Microsimulation (6 works)