Barbara Schillo
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4267091 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Barbara Schillo |
| NOMBRES | Barbara |
| APELLIDO | Schillo |
| FIRMA | SCHILLO B |
| AFILIACIONES | American Legacy Foundation |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0847-2996 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 59 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 7 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1993 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Assessing Reliability of a Change in Survey Item Terminology from “Marijuana” to “Cannabis” Among a Sample of U.S. Adolescents and Young Adults
Introduction: To determine whether changing survey terminology affects measurement reliability among adolescents and young adults.Methods: A convenience sample online survey was conducted (September–October 2023) among respondents aged 15–24 years (N = 1550). Inter-item reliability was measured by recording responses to one item asking about ever marijuana use (with a list of examples/slang), and one of two versions asking about ever cannabis use…
When tobacco is headline news
While social media allow practitioners to talk directly to audiences, their unstructured nature often advantages opposition actors not tied to bureaucratic structures. Simultaneously, traditional methods of information dissemination via the mass media continue to exist. Using a large dataset of tweets (N = 62.400) collected during a breaking news public health event (the JUUL Marketing Denial Order), this paper examines the discursive power (Jung…
The role of third-party e-commerce technology in illegal online e-cigarette sales
The online tobacco market currently accounts for 15% of tobacco products with most online e-cigarette stores depending on Software as a Service (SaaS) solutions like Shopify for site functionality. While the Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking (PACT) Act restricts online sales by requiring age verification upon delivery and prohibiting shipping with select couriers, concerns remain about youth access to e-cigarettes. This study examines online e-ci…
Clearly flavoured
The presence of flavour terminology in clear-flavoured e-cigarette product descriptions suggests that purportedly unflavoured products, such as clear-flavoured e-cigarettes, are marketed with language that implies flavoured characteristics. E-cigarettes classified as 'clear' flavour may bypass state and local flavour restrictions, advertising flavour experiences that appeal to youth
Beyond the margin of error
The availability of an accurate API is an essential tool for research examining the content and dissemination of messages on large media platforms in the twenty-first century. TikTok launched their research API as part of a commitment to data transparency and a goal of protecting youth and vulnerable populations from harmful content. A systematic audit of TikTok’s API for researchers was performed comparing the API versus information displayed on…
Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among LGBT+ Youths and Young Adults According to Strength of State-Level LGBT+ Equality Protections
Objectives. To examine whether the state-level LGBT+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other identities) legal protections where LGBT+ youths and young adults reside are associated with cigarette and e-cigarette use. Methods. We drew LGBT+ respondents (aged 15–31 years; n = 1255) from a national, probability-based survey conducted from August to December 2023. We scored each state for LGBT+ equality on a scale from restrictive to protecti…
Twitter (X) and the Commercial Determinants of Health
Tobacco content on Twitter (X) generally opposes regulation. Although a near real-time data source of the public's response to prominent events heightens the allure of extrapolating public sentiment from Twitter content, tobacco policy sentiment on the platform may be more indicative of industry-affiliated top users. We examined 2 years of tobacco policy discussion on Twitter (X) at the user level ( N = 3,159,807 posts) from September 2019 to Jul…
Objective Characteristics and Subjective Responses of 18–24-Year-Olds to U.S. nationally Televised Tobacco Advertisements
Background: Restrictions on televised tobacco ads do not apply to vaping and oral nicotine products. Several campaigns are currently active on U.S. national television. This research examines the extent to which objective ad features are associated with ad, brand, and product appeal and use intentions among 18-24-year-olds. Methods: We identified seven unique campaigns for Vuse, Velo, and JUUL from the Mintel Comperemedia database, coded for yout…
Discreet shipping’ on TikTok enables selling of e-cigarettes to youth
Easy access
Most OVSs rely on age self-certification, which underage youth can easily exploit to access these products. Findings warrant that the Food and Drug Administration, state and local policymakers explore additional actions regulating online tobacco sales to address the compliance issues our data elucidate. These include enhanced surveillance, compliance checks and stricter penalties
Tracking technology changes of e-cigarettes
Youth and young adult flavour expectancies for new ‘non-menthol’ cigarettes introduced following California’s ban on flavoured tobacco products
Younger age was associated with expectations of new non-menthol cigarettes having a minty/menthol taste. Results raise concerns regarding the potential appeal of these products to youth and young adults
Examining influencer compliance with advertising regulations in branded vaping content on Instagram
Background: Youth and young adults are exposed to vaping advertisements on social media sites, despite regulations and guidelines intended to reduce the prevalence of such content on these platforms. This research uses replicable criteria to identify vaping influencers who have worked with vaping brands to promote vaping products on Instagram and documents the extent to which posts by these users comply with existing advertising regulations. Meth…
Underage Youth Continue to Obtain E-Cigarettes from Retail Sources in 2022
(1) Background: This study aims to describe the primary sources of e-cigarettes among young people and to explore how these sources may differ by individual-level characteristics. (2) Methods: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional, continuous tracking survey of participants. The analytic sample includes current e-cigarette users (aged 15-20 years) surveyed from January to August 2022 (N = 1296). Respondents provided information on e-cigarette…
Bigger, stronger and cheaper
The current regulatory regime around e-cigarettes has resulted in disposable e-cigarette manufacturers providing consumers with bigger, cheaper disposable e-cigarettes that come in increasingly higher nicotine strengths. Tobacco policy recommendations such as restricting e-liquid capacity and minimum price laws as well as regulations on product characteristics that affect nicotine emissions and delivery such as nicotine strength, nicotine output,…
Effect of e-cigarette taxes on e-cigarette and cigarette retail prices and sales, USA, 2014–2019
Our study finds that e-cigarette taxes increase e-cigarette retail prices by approximately half of the tax. Further, e-cigarette taxes are associated with reduced sales of e-cigarettes and increased sales of cigarettes in some specifications. Our estimates are sizably lower than from other studies using sales and survey data
Belief and Recall of Nicotine as Therapeutic for Covid-19 May Undermine E-Cigarette Quitting Behavior
We examine the proposition that misinformation about the therapeutic potential of nicotine to prevent or treat COVID-19 may lead to relapse among attempted e-cigarette quitters. A sample of N = 507 e-cigarette ever-users who reported at least one quit attempt in the past year were surveyed in June of 2021 for recall and belief in several claims about COVID-19 and nicotine. Participants who recalled and believed at least one misinformation claim w…
Discussions of Flavored ENDS Sales Restrictions
Many users turned to Reddit for information related to the shifting regulatory landscape concerning flavored ENDS. Discussions focused on both legal alternatives to banned products as well as illegal means of acquiring JUUL pods, including residual retail supply, online, and mail vendors
The Impact of Recent Tobacco Regulations and Covid-19 Restrictions and Implications for Future E-Cigarette Retail
Surveillance of tobacco retail, consumer behavior, and regulatory compliance is warranted as policies regarding nicotine and cannabis continue evolving
The impact of two state-level approaches to restricting the sale of flavored tobacco products
Results from this study support emerging research that demonstrates the promising effects of comprehensive flavoring sales prohibitions. This study can be used to inform future flavored tobacco product policy solutions developed by advocates and policy makers to curb overall tobacco initiation and use by youth and adults
Industry response to strengthened regulations
Social media surveillance can enhance our understanding of public health needs and policy compliance, as well as inform strategies to prevent policy evasion. Examining evolving industry tactics to promote flavoured products in response to regulatory changes can help authorities and practitioners assess policy effectiveness and inform future design and implementation approaches
Analysis of e-cigarette warning letters issued by the Food and Drug Administration in 2020 and 2021
Warning letters targeted small online retailers rather than large e-cigarette brands or products most used by youth: pod mods and disposables. The focus of these enforcement actions comprises a small share of the market and the impact on use was likely minimal. With PMTA decisions pending for the largest brands of e-cigarettes, the FDA should use its enforcement powers to target manufacturers, distributors and sellers of the tobacco products that…
Tobacco industry advertising
Relative increases in direct-to-consumer menthol ads following 2020 FDA guidance on flavoured e-cigarettes
The 2020 FDA flavour guidance was followed by an increased proportion of direct-to-consumer email advertisements of menthol-flavoured e-cigarette products
Heating Up
Social media are an important marketing platform for emerging tobacco products. Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have been introduced in a limited number of local test markets in the United States as potentially reduced-exposure tobacco products. HTPs can be used to heat tobacco as well as marijuana. However, due to growing digital media promotion of these products, it is possible that public knowledge and purchasing opportunities extend beyond tes…
E-cigarette Tobacco Retail Licensing Laws
Objectives. To describe how US states and the District of Columbia regulate e-cigarette sales by examining e-cigarette–specific tobacco retail licensing (TRL) laws. Methods. We coded 25 state-level e-cigarette TRL laws (effective as of January 1, 2020) for provisions we labeled as either “core” (e.g., presence of license terms, fees, and penalties) or “descriptive” (e.g., license fee amount and term length). Results. Overall, 23 laws clearly defi…
Exploring the Discursive Function of Hashtags
This study used semantic network analysis to investigate the themes of JUUL electronic cigarette-related messages on Instagram posted by three account types (commercial, vape community, and organic users) and explore the function of hashtags in the JUUL-related discourse across these groups. Posts were collected from 1 March 2018 to 15 May 2018. We conducted network analyses for each user group, with separate analyses to examine texts with and wi…
Report Carding
This article reviews changes in the accountability landscape that have occurred for foundations in recent years and several precedents for foundation performance assessment. The authors then present a model of portfolio assessment that is used for organizational accountability and learning. This model, which was piloted in 2002 and 2003 for the Minnesota Partnership for Action Against Tobacco (MPAAT) and is in continuing use today, consists of a …
HIV-related knowledge and precautions among Michigan nurses
OBJECTIVES. The present study examined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related knowledge and precautionary behaviors in a large random sample of registered nurses in all regions of the state of Michigan, allowing for comparisons among nurses in a wide range of occupational experiences, exposures, and backgrounds related to HIV. METHODS. A random sample of all registered nurses living in Michigan completed surveys in the fall of 1989. RESULTS. …
Report Carding
This article reviews changes in the accountability landscape that have occurred for foundations in recent years and several precedents for foundation performance assessment. The authors then present a model of portfolio assessment that is used for organizational accountability and learning. This model, which was piloted in 2002 and 2003 for the Minnesota Partnership for Action Against Tobacco (MPAAT) and is in continuing use today, consists of a …
Increased reach and effectiveness of a statewide tobacco quitline after the addition of access to free nicotine replacement therapy
The addition of free NRT to a state quitline is followed by increases in participation and abstinence rates resulting in an eightfold increase in programme impact. These findings support the addition of access to pharmacological therapy as part of state quitline services
Expanding access to nicotine replacement therapy through Minnesota’s Quitline partnership
Minnesota's partnership has effectively expanded access to NRT through quitlines. The increased use of partnerships for providing quitline services may be effective in broadening population access while conserving limited tobacco control dollars for those without cessation benefits
The relationship between local clean indoor air policies and smoking behaviours in Minnesota youth
After accounting for other community and individual level factors known to be associated with youth smoking, there was no significant association between CIA policies and past-month smoking for youth over time
The Prevalence of Unrecognized Tobacco Use Among Young Adults
Future studies assessing prevalence should use both adolescent and adult measures
Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Two Nicotine Replacement Treatment Delivery Models for a Tobacco Quitline
Many tobacco cessation quitlines provide nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in the U.S. but consensus is lacking regarding the best shipping protocol or NRT amounts. We evaluated the impact of the Minnesota QUITPLAN(®) Helpline's shift from distributing NRT using a single eight-week shipment to a two-shipment protocol. For this observational study, the eight week single-shipment cohort (n = 247) received eight weeks of NRT (patches or gum) at onc…
The relation between media promotions and service volume for a statewide tobacco quitline and a web-based cessation program
Overall, broadcast advertising had a greater impact on registrations for the web program than calls to the quitline. Furthermore, registrations for the web program influenced calls to the quitline. These two findings suggest the evolving roles of web-based cessation programs and Internet-use practices should be considered when creating cessation programs and media campaigns to promote them. Additionally, because different types of media and campa…
Culture, acculturation and smoking use in Hmong, Khmer, Laotians, and Vietnamese communities in Minnesota
Leaders from Minnesota's Southeast Asian communities perceived key changes in tobacco-related attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors which were embedded in the context of shifting power, status, and gender roles within their communities. This has practical implications for developing policy and interventions. Older Southeast Asians are likely to benefit from culturally-tailored programs (e.g., that value politeness and the importance of acting in ways…
Seizing an opportunity
Since tax increases occur infrequently, these policy changes must be fully leveraged as quickly as possible to help reduce prevalence
Tobacco product prices before and after a statewide tobacco tax increase
A large tobacco tax resulted in an average retail cigarette price exceeding the tax, suggesting the industry over-shifted the cigarette tax increase to consumers in Minnesota. The findings support the known public health benefit of tobacco tax increases while highlighting the need for additional information about how, or if, tobacco companies use price promotions to blunt the impact of tax increases
A comparison of two methods for assessing awareness of antitobacco television advertisements
The methodology used to assess recall matters. Campaigns may exaggerate the successes or failures of their media campaigns, depending on the approach they employ and how they compare it to other media campaign evaluations. When incorporating streaming video, researchers should consider accessibility and report possible response bias. Researchers should fully define the measures they use, specify any viewing accessibility issues, and make ad compa…
Building an Organizational Culture That Supports Philanthropy in Indian Country
This article examines one philanthropic organization’s project to overcome challenges around its work in Indian Country and to build support for that work among its leadership. ClearWay Minnesota, an independent nonprofit working to reduce commercial tobacco’s harm, embarked on a project to educate its board and staff about American Indian history and culture. The project resulted in an increase in staff expertise, valuable context for the organi…
Executive Summaries
Many foundations act as publishers, making information available to the public by funding research and publications, or by authoring their own. While there are some common obstacles preventing foundations from moving toward shared systems and practices, the authors describe a number of publishing practices being widely adopted, such as open licensing, digital object identifiers, open access repositories, and Schema.org, that together address most…
Effectiveness of Local Policy Efforts to Increase the Price of Cheap Cigars in Minnesota
Objectives. To evaluate the effect of novel policies designed to increase cheap cigar prices by setting minimum prices at the local level. Methods. Between June 2013 and July 2015, we conducted assessments at tobacco retailers in Minnesota cities of Brooklyn Center (n = 26 in sample; n = 18 assessed before and after policy implementation), Saint Paul (n = 25 in sample; n = 14 assessed pre- and postpolicy), and Maplewood (n = 22 in sample; n = 18 …
A tale of two cities
Policies that restrict the sale of flavoured tobacco to adult-only tobacco shops are associated with decreased availability of flavoured tobacco in convenience and grocery stores and increased proportion of tobacco inventory that is unflavoured
Juul use and reasons for initiation among adult tobacco users
Although some tobacco users may be initiating JUUL to decrease combustible use, most were using the product infrequently and concurrently with other products. Findings have significant implications for cessation intervention efforts and policy development to help smokers quit
Twenty-year health and economic impact of reducing cigarette use
Minnesota's investment in comprehensive tobacco control measures has driven down smoking rates, saved billions in medical care and productivity costs and prevented tobacco related diseases of its residents. The simulation method employed in this study can be adapted to other geographies and time periods to bring to light the invisible gains of tobacco control
Prescription Opioid Misuse
Background: High prevalence of opioid misuse has been noted among youth and young adults—particularly among those who identify as lesbian/gay or bisexual (LGB). Yet, little is known about the relationship between opioid-related attitudes and misuse among those who identify as LGB. Objectives: This study examined the role of opioid-related attitudes (i.e. acceptance of misuse and risk perception) in relation to ever and past 6-month prescription o…
Sociodemographic Disparities in the Tobacco Retail Environment in Washington, DC
Associations between neighborhood sociodemographics and retail density were significant, although findings regarding African Americans are inconsistent with previous findings. Future studies should analyze other geographic areas, and account for spatial autocorrelation within their analytic framework
Countering tobacco industry tactics on the economic costs of restricting menthol tobacco
Localities around the country have begun to restrict the sale of menthol tobacco products, which are easier to start, disproportionately used by young people and are more difficult to quit.1 In 2017, Minneapolis and Saint Paul City Councils overcame significant opposition by the tobacco industry to restrict the sale of menthol tobacco to adult-only tobacco and liquor stores. Prior to the cities’ actions, the tobacco industry warned of catastrophi…
Projecting the future impact of past accomplishments in tobacco control
The tobacco control measures implemented from 1998 to 2017 will produce accelerated benefits during 2018-2037 if modest progress in tobacco prevalence rates is maintained
Menthol e-cigarette sales rise following 2020 FDA guidance
Juul Labs' self-regulation and the current FDA flavour guidance were followed by a shift towards menthol-flavoured e-cigarettes. Industry self-regulation and current federal guidance appear insufficient in reversing the youth vaping epidemic. E-cigarettes must be fully regulated as a tobacco product including the removal of flavoured e-cigarettes, including menthol, from the market to reduce youth e-cigarette use
Smoking cessation among US adults
Data suggest that few smokers in the US use e-cigarettes, and JUUL specifically, for cessation, and NRTs use is relatively low. All e-cigarettes should undergo FDA review to minimise recreational use and understand their cessation efficacy
E-cigarette Tobacco Retail Licensing Laws
Objectives. To describe how US states and the District of Columbia regulate e-cigarette sales by examining e-cigarette–specific tobacco retail licensing (TRL) laws. Methods. We coded 25 state-level e-cigarette TRL laws (effective as of January 1, 2020) for provisions we labeled as either “core” (e.g., presence of license terms, fees, and penalties) or “descriptive” (e.g., license fee amount and term length). Results. Overall, 23 laws clearly defi…
Smoking Behavior and Cessation (44 obras) · Business (41 obras) · Medicine (41 obras) · Advertising (33 obras) · Environmental health (27 obras) · Political science (19 obras) · Computer Science (17 obras) · Marketing (16 obras) · Psychology (16 obras) · Tobacco industry (14 obras)