Michael Dobbins
Biographic Data
| ID | 4269482 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael Dobbins |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael |
| FAMILY NAME | Dobbins |
| SIGNATURE | DOBBINS M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Konstanz |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7461-3844 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 222 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Exploring Ukrainian Politics: Institutions, Actors, and Policy Areas
‘Backsliding lobbying’: How can post-communist interest groups better navigate democratic regression
Exploring the catalysts of lobbying coalitions in Central and Eastern Europe
From agents of the people to agents of authority? How illiberal populism impacts interactions between regulatory agencies and external stakeholders
The decline in democratic quality and the increasing electoral popularity of illiberal populist parties are among the most notable global phenomena in the past 20 years. This article builds a bridge between the growing body of political science literature addressing how democratic backsliding impacts linkages between governments and organized interests and the public administration literature exploring how illiberal populists reshape the bureaucr…
The Macro-Political Context and Interest Groups' Access to Policymakers
The article explores how macro-level political factors in conjunction with micro- and meso-level factors affect interest-group access to policymakers. The analysis is conducted based on two original data sets: a population ecology database of Czech, Hungarian, Polish and Slovenian national-level energy policy, healthcare and higher education organizations, and an online survey of these populations. Combining the two data sets allows us to investi…
Democratic Backsliding and Organized Interests in Central and Eastern Europe: An Introduction
This editorial introduces readers to the thematic issue on organized interests in the context of democratic backsliding in Central and Eastern Europe
Post-truth post-communism?” – Information-oriented lobbying in the context of democratic backsliding in Central and Eastern Europe
This article explores how democratic backsliding affects the value of expertise provision for interest groups in influencing policymaking. The analysis is conducted on an original survey of Czech, Hungarian, Polish, and Slovenian energy, healthcare, and higher education interest groups active at the national level. All four countries experienced varying degrees and forms of populism and democratic backsliding in the past decade. Yet effective gov…
‘The goal is not necessarily to sit at the table’—Resisting autocratic legalism in Hungarian academia
The article analyses the strategies of Hungarian higher education interest organisations against the encroachments on academic freedom by Viktor Orbán's governments. We contrast the 2012–2013 and 2017–2019 protest waves and find that innovations in strategy came from new organisations in both periods, whereas established ones were rather passive or opted for the status quo. However, in the second period, new actors consciously declined to pursue …
Multilevel Venue Shopping Amid Democratic Backsliding in New European Union Member States
Recently, various Central and Eastern European countries have experienced a regression of democratic quality, often resulting in the emergence of competitive (semi‐)authoritarian regimes with an illiberal governing ideology. This has often been accompanied by a closing political space for civil society groups. Based on a survey of more than 400 Polish, Hungarian, Czech, and Slovenian interest organizations, we explore, in the context of backslidi…
Organized interests in post-communist policy-making: A new dataset for comparative research
This article familiarizes readers with the international research project ‘The Missing Link: Exploring Organized Interests in Post-Communist Policy-Making’ (OrgIntCEE). The project team has focused on how populations of organized interests in the region have evolved, how they interact with state institutions as well as the group-specific characteristics driving access to policy-makers. The project also explores how Europeanization has affected po…
Exploring the domestic and international drivers of professionalization of Central and Eastern European interest groups
While there has been a veritable boom in literature on organized interests, their lobbying strategies, relationships with decision-makers, and their impact on policymaking, only a few studies have explored internal organizational developments and, specifically, the professionalization of interest groups. The present study focuses on the national and transnational factors driving the professionalization of interest groups in Central and Eastern Eu…
Are post-communist interest organizations learning to lobby? Exploring the “coming-of-age” of Central and Eastern European interest groups
Countless scholars have explored the emergence, stability and transformation of interest intermediation structures in western democracies and beyond [Jahn, “Changing of the Guard”; Schmitter, “Corporatism is Dead!”; Siaroff, “Corporatism in 24 Industrial Democracies”.]. In this article we take a new avenue by exploring the “micro-level” impact of (quasi-)representation monopolies and high or low access on organized interests, namely at the level …
Exploring Organized Interests in Post-Communist Policy-Making: The “Missing Link”
This book examines organized interests in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), providing incisive analyses in three critically important policy areas - healthcare, higher education and energy. The four countries surveyed – Poland, Hungary, Slovenia and the Czech Republic – afford rich diversity offering broad empirical material available for cross-country and cross-policy comparative analyses. Featuring interdisciplinary research, the…
Towards energy policy corporatism in Central and Eastern Europe
This paper contributes to our understanding of interest intermediation structures in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and, specifically, whether, which, how and to what extent organized interests are incorporated into policy-making processes. Unlike previous studies primarily focusing on patterns of economic coordination (Jahn 2016), we focus on energy policy-making in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. We address the extent to whi…
Explaining the density of post-communist interest group populations—resources, constituencies, and regime change
The article tests the energy–stability–area (ESA) model of interest group population density on a sample of different 2018 Czech, Hungarian, Polish and Slovenian energy, higher education and health care interest organisation populations. The unique context of recent simultaneous political, economic and in the cases of Czechia and Slovenia, national transitions present a hard test for population ecology theory. Besides the area (constituency size)…
Towards a better understanding of organized interests in Central and Eastern Europe
Exploring interest intermediation in Central and Eastern Europe: Is higher education different
Higher education interest groups remain somewhat understudied from a comparative theory-driven perspective. This is surprising because political decisions regarding higher education must increasingly be legitimized to students, taxpayers, the academic community and society. This article aims to advance our understanding of higher education stakeholders in post-communist Europe. In our view, the region deserves more attention, not least because st…
Explaining the Formation Rates of Post-Communist Interest Organizations: Density Dependence and Political Opportunity Structure
This article presents an analysis of the formation of organized interest groups in the post-communist context and organizational populations over time. We test two theories that shed doubt on whether vital rates of interest groups are explained by individual incentives, namely, the political opportunity structure and population ecology theory. Based on an analysis of the energy policy and higher education policy organizations active at the nation…
Organised Interests in the Energy Sector: A Comparative Study of the Influence of Interest Groups in Czechia and Hungary
In this article, we explore civil society mobilisation and the impact of organised interests on the energy policies of two post-communist countries—Hungary and Czechia—and specifically nuclear energy. Drawing on numerous hypotheses from the literature on organised interests, we explore how open both political systems are for civil society input and what interest group-specific and socio-economic factors mediate the influence of organised interest…
Do they matter in education politics? The influence of political parties and teacher unions on school governance reforms in Spain
This article focusses on the evolution of the school governance model in Spain since the 1980s. In Spain and elsewhere in Europe, the state’s monopoly over education has softened and new forms of educational governance have emerged. This has resulted in the decentralization of decision-making authority to individual schools, municipalities, and regions and a significant increase in school autonomy. We explore from a political science perspective …
Exploring Change and Stability in Ukrainian Higher Education and Research: A Historical Analysis Through Multiple Critical Junctures
Explaining Policy Convergence and Polity Divergence in Federal Systems: German and Swiss Higher Education Revisited
This article explores higher education reforms in the federally organized education systems of Germany and Switzerland. We argue that the increasing internationalization of education—spearheaded by the Bologna Process—has brought about changes not only in higher education policy, but also led to significant reconfigurations of the higher education polity. These processes present an empirical puzzle: while higher education policies in both systems…
Higher education governance in France, Germany, and Italy: Change and variation in the impact of transnational soft governance
There is a consensus that transnational soft governance has unleashed the forces of change in higher education. However, individual national HE systems are still anchored in country-specific regulatory regimes, which reflect national-historical, institutional, and cultural developments. Against this background, three crucial questions guide our study: How does the state react to transnational pressures for change? How is transnationally inspired …
Teacher Unionism in France: Making Fundamental Reform an Impossible Quest?
This chapter examines teacher unionism in France. Contrary to most other cases highlighted in this book, France stands out with its highly centralized education system (Cole 2001) and longstanding (but never fully realized) attachment to the principle of educational egalitarianism (Baudelot and Establet 2009; Dobbins and Martens 2012). By exploring the structural foundations of French teacher unions and their strategies vis-à-vis the state, this …
Bildungspolitik in den USA
The Contested Council: Conflict Dimensions of an Intergovernmental EU Institution
Recent research has tried to uncover the political space in which the Council of Ministers of the European Union decides. Rather than the left-right conflict or a cleavage between governments with national and supranational attitudes, this article shows that a redistributive dimension, decisively shapes the interactions in this most important legislative body of the European Union. In contrast to extant studies, we employ ex ante rather than ex p…
Higher Education Policies in Central and Eastern Europe: Convergence toward a Common Model
Contrary to many other areas, international and, in particular, European influences on national policymaking in higher education (HE) have remained limited. This picture, however, changed fundamentally from the late 1990s onward. In 1999, 29 countries signed the Bologna Declaration, denoting the start of the so‐called Bologna Process. Thus, a collective supranational platform was developed to confront problem pressure, which has in turn fostered …
Towards an education approach à la finlandaise ? French education policy after Pisa
In this article, we address whether international student comparisons have changed the dynamics of French secondary education policy. We focus on the increasingly significant impact of the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD)’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) on France, a country previously known for its aversion to international comparisons and its turbulent relationship with the OECD. We argue that not …
Organized interests in post-communist policy-making: A new dataset for comparative research
This article familiarizes readers with the international research project ‘The Missing Link: Exploring Organized Interests in Post-Communist Policy-Making’ (OrgIntCEE). The project team has focused on how populations of organized interests in the region have evolved, how they interact with state institutions as well as the group-specific characteristics driving access to policy-makers. The project also explores how Europeanization has affected po…
Higher education governance in France, Germany, and Italy: Change and variation in the impact of transnational soft governance
There is a consensus that transnational soft governance has unleashed the forces of change in higher education. However, individual national HE systems are still anchored in country-specific regulatory regimes, which reflect national-historical, institutional, and cultural developments. Against this background, three crucial questions guide our study: How does the state react to transnational pressures for change? How is transnationally inspired …
Explaining the Formation Rates of Post-Communist Interest Organizations: Density Dependence and Political Opportunity Structure
This article presents an analysis of the formation of organized interest groups in the post-communist context and organizational populations over time. We test two theories that shed doubt on whether vital rates of interest groups are explained by individual incentives, namely, the political opportunity structure and population ecology theory. Based on an analysis of the energy policy and higher education policy organizations active at the nation…
Organised Interests in the Energy Sector: A Comparative Study of the Influence of Interest Groups in Czechia and Hungary
In this article, we explore civil society mobilisation and the impact of organised interests on the energy policies of two post-communist countries—Hungary and Czechia—and specifically nuclear energy. Drawing on numerous hypotheses from the literature on organised interests, we explore how open both political systems are for civil society input and what interest group-specific and socio-economic factors mediate the influence of organised interest…
Socio-economic institutions, organized interests and partisan politics: The development of vocational education in Denmark and Sweden
Although Sweden and Denmark are regarded as typical social democratic welfare states, there are significant differences in the institutional set-up of their skill formation systems. In Sweden, vocational education is fully integrated into secondary education, while Denmark is characterized by strong involvement of employers via workplace-based apprenticeships. This article aims to explain these different paths of development and their political s…
Exploring the domestic and international drivers of professionalization of Central and Eastern European interest groups
While there has been a veritable boom in literature on organized interests, their lobbying strategies, relationships with decision-makers, and their impact on policymaking, only a few studies have explored internal organizational developments and, specifically, the professionalization of interest groups. The present study focuses on the national and transnational factors driving the professionalization of interest groups in Central and Eastern Eu…
Post-truth post-communism?” – Information-oriented lobbying in the context of democratic backsliding in Central and Eastern Europe
This article explores how democratic backsliding affects the value of expertise provision for interest groups in influencing policymaking. The analysis is conducted on an original survey of Czech, Hungarian, Polish, and Slovenian energy, healthcare, and higher education interest groups active at the national level. All four countries experienced varying degrees and forms of populism and democratic backsliding in the past decade. Yet effective gov…
Multilevel Venue Shopping Amid Democratic Backsliding in New European Union Member States
Recently, various Central and Eastern European countries have experienced a regression of democratic quality, often resulting in the emergence of competitive (semi‐)authoritarian regimes with an illiberal governing ideology. This has often been accompanied by a closing political space for civil society groups. Based on a survey of more than 400 Polish, Hungarian, Czech, and Slovenian interest organizations, we explore, in the context of backslidi…
Towards a better understanding of organized interests in Central and Eastern Europe
Exploring Change and Stability in Ukrainian Higher Education and Research: A Historical Analysis Through Multiple Critical Junctures
The Post-Rose Revolution Reforms as a Case of Misguided Policy Transfer and Accidental Democratisation
This article traces political and institutional developments in the Republic of Georgia after the Rose Revolution. Particular focus is placed on efforts by Georgian policy-makers to align Georgian political institutions with Western models. Drawing on the concept of policy transfer, the author demonstrates various pitfalls in this process. Based on the gathered evidence, it appears that Georgian policy-makers engaged in various processes of ‘inco…
From agents of the people to agents of authority? How illiberal populism impacts interactions between regulatory agencies and external stakeholders
The decline in democratic quality and the increasing electoral popularity of illiberal populist parties are among the most notable global phenomena in the past 20 years. This article builds a bridge between the growing body of political science literature addressing how democratic backsliding impacts linkages between governments and organized interests and the public administration literature exploring how illiberal populists reshape the bureaucr…
The Macro-Political Context and Interest Groups' Access to Policymakers
The article explores how macro-level political factors in conjunction with micro- and meso-level factors affect interest-group access to policymakers. The analysis is conducted based on two original data sets: a population ecology database of Czech, Hungarian, Polish and Slovenian national-level energy policy, healthcare and higher education organizations, and an online survey of these populations. Combining the two data sets allows us to investi…
Explaining the density of post-communist interest group populations—resources, constituencies, and regime change
The article tests the energy–stability–area (ESA) model of interest group population density on a sample of different 2018 Czech, Hungarian, Polish and Slovenian energy, higher education and health care interest organisation populations. The unique context of recent simultaneous political, economic and in the cases of Czechia and Slovenia, national transitions present a hard test for population ecology theory. Besides the area (constituency size)…
Convergent or divergent Europeanization? An analysis of higher education governance reforms in France and Italy
This article comparatively examines the higher education reform pathways of France and Italy. Using a scheme of empirical indicators, I focus on the divergent and convergent developments in these two countries, which played a pioneering role in the Europeanization of higher education. While France has consistently moved closer to a market-oriented model, legacies of academic self-rule were initially strengthened in Italy, before recent reforms ai…
Democratic Backsliding and Organized Interests in Central and Eastern Europe: An Introduction
This editorial introduces readers to the thematic issue on organized interests in the context of democratic backsliding in Central and Eastern Europe
Towards energy policy corporatism in Central and Eastern Europe
This paper contributes to our understanding of interest intermediation structures in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and, specifically, whether, which, how and to what extent organized interests are incorporated into policy-making processes. Unlike previous studies primarily focusing on patterns of economic coordination (Jahn 2016), we focus on energy policy-making in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. We address the extent to whi…
Exploring interest intermediation in Central and Eastern Europe: Is higher education different
Higher education interest groups remain somewhat understudied from a comparative theory-driven perspective. This is surprising because political decisions regarding higher education must increasingly be legitimized to students, taxpayers, the academic community and society. This article aims to advance our understanding of higher education stakeholders in post-communist Europe. In our view, the region deserves more attention, not least because st…
Do they matter in education politics? The influence of political parties and teacher unions on school governance reforms in Spain
This article focusses on the evolution of the school governance model in Spain since the 1980s. In Spain and elsewhere in Europe, the state’s monopoly over education has softened and new forms of educational governance have emerged. This has resulted in the decentralization of decision-making authority to individual schools, municipalities, and regions and a significant increase in school autonomy. We explore from a political science perspective …
Explaining change and inertia in Swedish and French education: A tale of two corporatisms
Why do western welfare states differ so starkly when it comes to educational governance and, in particular, the degree of (de-)centralization? This article focuses on two such western European countries which demonstrate highly similar educational traditions, institutions and guiding principles – France and Sweden. The Swedish education system has evolved into one of the most decentralized in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop…
Explaining different pathways in higher education policy in Romania and the Czech Republic
This article examines the differential development of higher education governance in two Central and Eastern European countries since 1989. In current discourse, the market‐oriented model of higher education governance has established itself as an anchor point towards which systems are gradually converging. At the same time international organisations, in particular the EU and OECD, are promoting the use of market‐oriented instruments to meet the…
The Contested Council: Conflict Dimensions of an Intergovernmental EU Institution
Recent research has tried to uncover the political space in which the Council of Ministers of the European Union decides. Rather than the left-right conflict or a cleavage between governments with national and supranational attitudes, this article shows that a redistributive dimension, decisively shapes the interactions in this most important legislative body of the European Union. In contrast to extant studies, we employ ex ante rather than ex p…
Higher Education Policies in Central and Eastern Europe: Convergence toward a Common Model
Contrary to many other areas, international and, in particular, European influences on national policymaking in higher education (HE) have remained limited. This picture, however, changed fundamentally from the late 1990s onward. In 1999, 29 countries signed the Bologna Declaration, denoting the start of the so‐called Bologna Process. Thus, a collective supranational platform was developed to confront problem pressure, which has in turn fostered …
An analytical framework for the cross-country comparison of higher education governance
Explaining different pathways in higher education policy in Romania and the Czech Republic
This article examines the differential development of higher education governance in two Central and Eastern European countries since 1989. In current discourse, the market‐oriented model of higher education governance has established itself as an anchor point towards which systems are gradually converging. At the same time international organisations, in particular the EU and OECD, are promoting the use of market‐oriented instruments to meet the…
How market-oriented is French higher education
Towards an education approach à la finlandaise ? French education policy after Pisa
In this article, we address whether international student comparisons have changed the dynamics of French secondary education policy. We focus on the increasingly significant impact of the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD)’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) on France, a country previously known for its aversion to international comparisons and its turbulent relationship with the OECD. We argue that not …
Hochschulpolitische Reformen im Zuge des Bologna-Prozesses: Eine vergleichende Analyse von Konvergenzdynamiken im OECD-Raum
The Post-Rose Revolution Reforms as a Case of Misguided Policy Transfer and Accidental Democratisation
This article traces political and institutional developments in the Republic of Georgia after the Rose Revolution. Particular focus is placed on efforts by Georgian policy-makers to align Georgian political institutions with Western models. Drawing on the concept of policy transfer, the author demonstrates various pitfalls in this process. Based on the gathered evidence, it appears that Georgian policy-makers engaged in various processes of ‘inco…
Explaining change and inertia in Swedish and French education: A tale of two corporatisms
Why do western welfare states differ so starkly when it comes to educational governance and, in particular, the degree of (de-)centralization? This article focuses on two such western European countries which demonstrate highly similar educational traditions, institutions and guiding principles – France and Sweden. The Swedish education system has evolved into one of the most decentralized in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop…
Europeanization in the “Wild East”? Analyzing higher education governance reform in Georgia and Armenia
Convergent or divergent Europeanization? An analysis of higher education governance reforms in France and Italy
This article comparatively examines the higher education reform pathways of France and Italy. Using a scheme of empirical indicators, I focus on the divergent and convergent developments in these two countries, which played a pioneering role in the Europeanization of higher education. While France has consistently moved closer to a market-oriented model, legacies of academic self-rule were initially strengthened in Italy, before recent reforms ai…
Socio-economic institutions, organized interests and partisan politics: The development of vocational education in Denmark and Sweden
Although Sweden and Denmark are regarded as typical social democratic welfare states, there are significant differences in the institutional set-up of their skill formation systems. In Sweden, vocational education is fully integrated into secondary education, while Denmark is characterized by strong involvement of employers via workplace-based apprenticeships. This article aims to explain these different paths of development and their political s…
Teacher Unionism in France: Making Fundamental Reform an Impossible Quest?
This chapter examines teacher unionism in France. Contrary to most other cases highlighted in this book, France stands out with its highly centralized education system (Cole 2001) and longstanding (but never fully realized) attachment to the principle of educational egalitarianism (Baudelot and Establet 2009; Dobbins and Martens 2012). By exploring the structural foundations of French teacher unions and their strategies vis-à-vis the state, this …
Bildungspolitik in den USA
Increasing school autonomy in Western Europe: A comparative analysis of its causes and forms
This article comparatively explores the driving forces behind and variations in the trend toward increasing school autonomy in England, Germany, Italy and Sweden. In a first step, we focus on the impact of processes of internationalization and the spread of post-materialist values. We hypothesize, on the one hand, that school autonomy may be a direct result of international policy promotion by transnational organizations and, on the other hand, t…
Higher education governance in France, Germany, and Italy: Change and variation in the impact of transnational soft governance
There is a consensus that transnational soft governance has unleashed the forces of change in higher education. However, individual national HE systems are still anchored in country-specific regulatory regimes, which reflect national-historical, institutional, and cultural developments. Against this background, three crucial questions guide our study: How does the state react to transnational pressures for change? How is transnationally inspired …
Exploring Change and Stability in Ukrainian Higher Education and Research: A Historical Analysis Through Multiple Critical Junctures
Explaining Policy Convergence and Polity Divergence in Federal Systems: German and Swiss Higher Education Revisited
This article explores higher education reforms in the federally organized education systems of Germany and Switzerland. We argue that the increasing internationalization of education—spearheaded by the Bologna Process—has brought about changes not only in higher education policy, but also led to significant reconfigurations of the higher education polity. These processes present an empirical puzzle: while higher education policies in both systems…
Organised Interests in the Energy Sector: A Comparative Study of the Influence of Interest Groups in Czechia and Hungary
In this article, we explore civil society mobilisation and the impact of organised interests on the energy policies of two post-communist countries—Hungary and Czechia—and specifically nuclear energy. Drawing on numerous hypotheses from the literature on organised interests, we explore how open both political systems are for civil society input and what interest group-specific and socio-economic factors mediate the influence of organised interest…
Do they matter in education politics? The influence of political parties and teacher unions on school governance reforms in Spain
This article focusses on the evolution of the school governance model in Spain since the 1980s. In Spain and elsewhere in Europe, the state’s monopoly over education has softened and new forms of educational governance have emerged. This has resulted in the decentralization of decision-making authority to individual schools, municipalities, and regions and a significant increase in school autonomy. We explore from a political science perspective …
Explaining the Formation Rates of Post-Communist Interest Organizations: Density Dependence and Political Opportunity Structure
This article presents an analysis of the formation of organized interest groups in the post-communist context and organizational populations over time. We test two theories that shed doubt on whether vital rates of interest groups are explained by individual incentives, namely, the political opportunity structure and population ecology theory. Based on an analysis of the energy policy and higher education policy organizations active at the nation…
Exploring Organized Interests in Post-Communist Policy-Making: The “Missing Link”
This book examines organized interests in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), providing incisive analyses in three critically important policy areas - healthcare, higher education and energy. The four countries surveyed – Poland, Hungary, Slovenia and the Czech Republic – afford rich diversity offering broad empirical material available for cross-country and cross-policy comparative analyses. Featuring interdisciplinary research, the…
Towards energy policy corporatism in Central and Eastern Europe
This paper contributes to our understanding of interest intermediation structures in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and, specifically, whether, which, how and to what extent organized interests are incorporated into policy-making processes. Unlike previous studies primarily focusing on patterns of economic coordination (Jahn 2016), we focus on energy policy-making in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. We address the extent to whi…
Explaining the density of post-communist interest group populations—resources, constituencies, and regime change
The article tests the energy–stability–area (ESA) model of interest group population density on a sample of different 2018 Czech, Hungarian, Polish and Slovenian energy, higher education and health care interest organisation populations. The unique context of recent simultaneous political, economic and in the cases of Czechia and Slovenia, national transitions present a hard test for population ecology theory. Besides the area (constituency size)…
Towards a better understanding of organized interests in Central and Eastern Europe
Political science (35 works) · Politics (31 works) · Law (29 works) · Sociology (27 works) · Economics (25 works) · Law (23 works) · Political economy (23 works) · Public Administration (21 works) · Political Influence and Corporate Strategies (19 works) · Social Policy and Reform Studies (17 works)