Ryan David Kennedy
Biographic Data
| ID | 4270440 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ryan David Kennedy |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ryan David |
| FAMILY NAME | Kennedy |
| SIGNATURE | KENNEDY R D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Johns Hopkins University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9448-5234 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Youth Appeal in Tobacco Advertising: Evolving Tactics Targeting Those Under the Legal Age of Sale
INTRODUCTION: Youth under the legal age of sale for tobacco (18-20 years old) remain highly receptive to tobacco advertising despite existing regulations intended to prevent use. Emerging marketing tactics-such as influencer partnerships and lifestyle-oriented messaging-may increase appeal among young audiences. This study explored which advertising features are most associated with ad receptivity among this age group. METHODS: In 2023, 960 U.S. …
Youth Appeal in Tobacco Advertising: A Closer Look at What Resonates With Young Adults Ages 18–20
INTRODUCTION: Tobacco companies invest heavily in marketing, which significantly impacts youth tobacco use through advertising receptivity. Despite policies restricting tobacco marketing to youth under age 21, many adolescents and young adults nonetheless report finding tobacco marketing appealing. This analysis aimed to identify which advertising strategies most appeal to young adults ages 18-20. METHODS: In 2021, 740 U.S. participants aged 18-2…
Influences of Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors on Health and Quality of Life in Fenceline Communities: A Community-Based Participatory Research Survey in Southeastern Pennsylvania
Our work demonstrates the value of assessing cumulative impacts and employing CBPR approaches in fenceline communities
Community Perspectives on the Cumulative Impacts of Chemical and Non-Chemical Stressors in Southeastern Pennsylvania
This study is the first in the area to work alongside community investigators to understand how residents in fenceline communities experience cumulative impacts. Our findings were presented to key community stakeholders to inform future advocacy work to mitigate the cumulative burdens faced by these fenceline communities
Nicotine analogue pouches: A growing regulatory challenge
A Descriptive Analysis of Beliefs About Nicotine and Switching to Noncombustibles Among Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes and Believe Nicotine Causes Cancer
Introduction: Many people who smoke cigarettes report believing that nicotine causes cancer, a misperception that may reduce interest in switching to noncombustible nicotine products. Quantitative survey questions do not capture how this population thinks about nicotine and switching to noncombustible products. Methods: This study used an online convenience sample of 193 US adults who smoke cigarettes and reported that nicotine causes cancer. Res…
Is Maintenance or Switching Between Freebase and Nicotine Salt Liquid Associated with Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Dependence
Background Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use one of two formulations of nicotine—freebase or nicotine salt. This study examines whether maintenance or switching between nicotine formulations is associated with ENDS dependence using longitudinal survey data.Methods 543 U.S. adults (21+) using ENDS frequently (5+ days/week) self-reported and uploaded photos of their most used ENDS liquids in wave 3–5 online surveys from September 2021…
Content analysis of marketing features in US nicotine pouch ads from 2021 to 2023
We observed a decline in terms of connecting nicotine pouches to other tobacco products and an increase in potentially youth-appealing convenience claims. Future research should investigate how these features impact risk perceptions and use intentions among people who never and currently use tobacco to inform regulations (ie, restrict youth-appealing claims)
The association between viewing cigarette health warning labels and intention to quit smoking among Chinese adult smokers: Support for including health outcome content and culturally specific messages
Findings of this study provide evidence of an association between all four pictorial HWL themes and smokers' intention to quit smoking. These findings can help inform what HWL themes might be appropriate when China implements pictorial health warning labels
Nicotine pouches: A summary of regulatory approaches across 67 countries
Our work offers novel insight into nicotine pouch markets and national regulatory approaches. Policy approaches vary from not regulating nicotine pouches at all to banning both forms of nicotine pouches. Policies used by countries regulating both tobacco-derived and synthetic nicotine pouches offer a roadmap for how other jurisdictions can add effective guardrails to the use of these and other non-medicinal nicotine products
ENDS advertising expenditures in English language media in the USA, 2015–2020
Background Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) advertising is associated with ENDS purchase and use. This study assessed trends in ENDS advertisement (ad) expenditures in the USA from 2015 to 2020 overall, by media channel and by advertiser. Methods Data came from Numerator, which conducts surveillance of ads and estimates expenditures. The estimates are dollars spent (adjusted to 2020) by the advertiser for each ad occurrence for print, r…
Noticing people, discounts and non-tobacco flavours in e-cigarette ads may increase e-cigarette product appeal among non-tobacco-using young adults
Attention to several e-cigarette ad features (eg, people, discounts, non-tobacco flavours) was associated with increased e-cigarette product appeal, whereas attention to nicotine warnings and smoking cessation claims was associated with reduced appeal among non-tobacco-using young adults. Restricting appeal-promoting features while strengthening the effects of nicotine warnings and smoker-targeted claims in e-cigarette ads may potentially reduce …
Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burd…
BACKGROUND: Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. METHODS: We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global B…
Perceived effectiveness of four different cigarette health warning label themes among a sample of urban smokers and non-smokers in China
All four HWL themes tested could be effective in China; the theme of secondhand smoke harming family or children may be a particularly credible/effective theme
Help Save The Planet One Bidi Stick At A Time!’: Greenwashing disposable vapes
Bidi Stick is a single use electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) launched in 2020 by Bidi Vapor.1 Distributed and sold online and in retail stores in the USA,2 the brand’s popularity is growing, with Bidi Stick sales comprising 28% of the disposable e-cigarette market in the fourth quarter of 2020.1 3 In their recent campaign ‘Bidi Cares,’ Bidi Vapor presents their company as the industry leader in environmental consciousness, protection, and care. …
Content analysis of online product descriptions from cannabis retailers in six US states
The Effectiveness of Cigarette Pack Health Warning Labels with Religious Messages in an Urban Setting in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study
This study sought to assess the effectiveness of religious cigarette health warning labels (HWLs) in Indonesia, a country with a high public health burden from tobacco use. The study tested different religious and nonreligious messages related to suicide, secondhand smoke (SHS) and gangrene. Participants were smokers and non-smokers from Surabaya, Indonesia ( n = 817). Participants rated each HWL for its effectiveness on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = "…
Cost and Threshold Analysis of the FinishIt Campaign to Prevent Youth Smoking in the United States
In 2014, Truth Initiative launched the national FinishIt campaign to prevent smoking initiation among youth and young adults. The significant changes in the communications landscape requires further analysis to determine resource requirements for public education campaigns relative to their impact. This analysis estimates the cost of the FinishIt campaign based on data from expenditure records and uses published estimates of the lifetime treatmen…
A qualitative study of tobacco interventions for LGBTQ+ youth and young adults: Overarching themes and key learnings
LGBTQ+ YYA focus group participants expressed a desire for an intervention that can incorporate these key elements. The mobile phone app and social media campaign were noted as potential interventions that could include all the essential elements
The availability of smoking-permitted accommodations from Airbnb in 12 Canadian cities
Across Canada, there is a wide range of smoking-permitted accommodations available through Airbnb. In some markets, smoking-permitted accommodation may be significantly less expensive than smoke-free options. As hotel chains increasingly go smoke-free, it is possible that the marketplace will respond with offerings to fulfil consumer demand. As policy makers consider how to regulate P2P services like Airbnb, public health considerations should be…
The Relationship between Neighborhood Disorder, Social Networks, and Indoor Cigarette Smoking among Impoverished Inner-City Residents
Global approaches to regulating electronic cigarettes
A range of regulatory approaches are being applied to e-cigarettes globally; many countries regulate e-cigarettes using legislation not written for e-cigarettes
Exposure to smoking on patios and quitting: A population representative longitudinal cohort study
Exposure to smoking on patios of a bar or restaurant is associated with a lower likelihood of success in a quit attempt. Instituting smoke-free patio regulations may help smokers avoid relapse after quitting
Prepaid Monetary Incentives-Predictors of Taking the Money and Completing the Survey: Results From the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four-Country Survey
Prepaid monetary incentives are used to address declining response rates in random-digit dial surveys. There is concern among researchers that some respondents will accept the prepayment but not complete the survey. There is little research to understand check cashing and survey completing behaviors among respondents who receive prepayment. Data from the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Study-a longitudinal survey of smokers in Canada, …
Population Use, Sales, and Design: A Multidimensional Assessment of “Light” Cigarettes in the United States, 2009
Objectives. We compared multiple measures of surveillance of “light” cigarette use, including population use, sales, and design features. Measures were obtained before the 2010 descriptors ban to establish a baseline for future evaluation of the effect of the ban. Methods. We examined light cigarette use, sales, and design using 3 data sets from 2009. We assessed population use using National Survey on Drug Use and Health data. Sales data were dr…
Prepaid Monetary Incentives-Predictors of Taking the Money and Completing the Survey: Results From the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four-Country Survey
Prepaid monetary incentives are used to address declining response rates in random-digit dial surveys. There is concern among researchers that some respondents will accept the prepayment but not complete the survey. There is little research to understand check cashing and survey completing behaviors among respondents who receive prepayment. Data from the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Study-a longitudinal survey of smokers in Canada, …
Population Use, Sales, and Design: A Multidimensional Assessment of “Light” Cigarettes in the United States, 2009
Objectives. We compared multiple measures of surveillance of “light” cigarette use, including population use, sales, and design features. Measures were obtained before the 2010 descriptors ban to establish a baseline for future evaluation of the effect of the ban. Methods. We examined light cigarette use, sales, and design using 3 data sets from 2009. We assessed population use using National Survey on Drug Use and Health data. Sales data were dr…
Understanding the impact of the Smoke-Free Ontario Act on hospitality establishments' outdoor environments: A survey of restaurants and bars
The SFOA resulted in greater protection from outdoor secondhand smoke; however, most patios still permitted smoking. Half of the venues that complied with the SFOA by going smoke-free did so involuntarily because of structural and/or financial limitations. The majority of venue operators preferred to permit smoking on their patios, and only made their patios smoke-free when they were required to do so by law
Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Canadian Youth Between 2004 and 2008: Findings From the Youth Smoking Survey
Population Use, Sales, and Design: A Multidimensional Assessment of “Light” Cigarettes in the United States, 2009
Objectives. We compared multiple measures of surveillance of “light” cigarette use, including population use, sales, and design features. Measures were obtained before the 2010 descriptors ban to establish a baseline for future evaluation of the effect of the ban. Methods. We examined light cigarette use, sales, and design using 3 data sets from 2009. We assessed population use using National Survey on Drug Use and Health data. Sales data were dr…
Exposure to smoking on patios and quitting: A population representative longitudinal cohort study
Exposure to smoking on patios of a bar or restaurant is associated with a lower likelihood of success in a quit attempt. Instituting smoke-free patio regulations may help smokers avoid relapse after quitting
Prepaid Monetary Incentives-Predictors of Taking the Money and Completing the Survey: Results From the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four-Country Survey
Prepaid monetary incentives are used to address declining response rates in random-digit dial surveys. There is concern among researchers that some respondents will accept the prepayment but not complete the survey. There is little research to understand check cashing and survey completing behaviors among respondents who receive prepayment. Data from the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Study-a longitudinal survey of smokers in Canada, …
Global approaches to regulating electronic cigarettes
A range of regulatory approaches are being applied to e-cigarettes globally; many countries regulate e-cigarettes using legislation not written for e-cigarettes
The availability of smoking-permitted accommodations from Airbnb in 12 Canadian cities
Across Canada, there is a wide range of smoking-permitted accommodations available through Airbnb. In some markets, smoking-permitted accommodation may be significantly less expensive than smoke-free options. As hotel chains increasingly go smoke-free, it is possible that the marketplace will respond with offerings to fulfil consumer demand. As policy makers consider how to regulate P2P services like Airbnb, public health considerations should be…
The Relationship between Neighborhood Disorder, Social Networks, and Indoor Cigarette Smoking among Impoverished Inner-City Residents
Cost and Threshold Analysis of the FinishIt Campaign to Prevent Youth Smoking in the United States
In 2014, Truth Initiative launched the national FinishIt campaign to prevent smoking initiation among youth and young adults. The significant changes in the communications landscape requires further analysis to determine resource requirements for public education campaigns relative to their impact. This analysis estimates the cost of the FinishIt campaign based on data from expenditure records and uses published estimates of the lifetime treatmen…
A qualitative study of tobacco interventions for LGBTQ+ youth and young adults: Overarching themes and key learnings
LGBTQ+ YYA focus group participants expressed a desire for an intervention that can incorporate these key elements. The mobile phone app and social media campaign were noted as potential interventions that could include all the essential elements
The Effectiveness of Cigarette Pack Health Warning Labels with Religious Messages in an Urban Setting in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study
This study sought to assess the effectiveness of religious cigarette health warning labels (HWLs) in Indonesia, a country with a high public health burden from tobacco use. The study tested different religious and nonreligious messages related to suicide, secondhand smoke (SHS) and gangrene. Participants were smokers and non-smokers from Surabaya, Indonesia ( n = 817). Participants rated each HWL for its effectiveness on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = "…
Content analysis of online product descriptions from cannabis retailers in six US states
Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burd…
BACKGROUND: Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. METHODS: We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global B…
Perceived effectiveness of four different cigarette health warning label themes among a sample of urban smokers and non-smokers in China
All four HWL themes tested could be effective in China; the theme of secondhand smoke harming family or children may be a particularly credible/effective theme
Help Save The Planet One Bidi Stick At A Time!’: Greenwashing disposable vapes
Bidi Stick is a single use electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) launched in 2020 by Bidi Vapor.1 Distributed and sold online and in retail stores in the USA,2 the brand’s popularity is growing, with Bidi Stick sales comprising 28% of the disposable e-cigarette market in the fourth quarter of 2020.1 3 In their recent campaign ‘Bidi Cares,’ Bidi Vapor presents their company as the industry leader in environmental consciousness, protection, and care. …
ENDS advertising expenditures in English language media in the USA, 2015–2020
Background Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) advertising is associated with ENDS purchase and use. This study assessed trends in ENDS advertisement (ad) expenditures in the USA from 2015 to 2020 overall, by media channel and by advertiser. Methods Data came from Numerator, which conducts surveillance of ads and estimates expenditures. The estimates are dollars spent (adjusted to 2020) by the advertiser for each ad occurrence for print, r…
Noticing people, discounts and non-tobacco flavours in e-cigarette ads may increase e-cigarette product appeal among non-tobacco-using young adults
Attention to several e-cigarette ad features (eg, people, discounts, non-tobacco flavours) was associated with increased e-cigarette product appeal, whereas attention to nicotine warnings and smoking cessation claims was associated with reduced appeal among non-tobacco-using young adults. Restricting appeal-promoting features while strengthening the effects of nicotine warnings and smoker-targeted claims in e-cigarette ads may potentially reduce …
The association between viewing cigarette health warning labels and intention to quit smoking among Chinese adult smokers: Support for including health outcome content and culturally specific messages
Findings of this study provide evidence of an association between all four pictorial HWL themes and smokers' intention to quit smoking. These findings can help inform what HWL themes might be appropriate when China implements pictorial health warning labels
Nicotine pouches: A summary of regulatory approaches across 67 countries
Our work offers novel insight into nicotine pouch markets and national regulatory approaches. Policy approaches vary from not regulating nicotine pouches at all to banning both forms of nicotine pouches. Policies used by countries regulating both tobacco-derived and synthetic nicotine pouches offer a roadmap for how other jurisdictions can add effective guardrails to the use of these and other non-medicinal nicotine products
A Descriptive Analysis of Beliefs About Nicotine and Switching to Noncombustibles Among Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes and Believe Nicotine Causes Cancer
Introduction: Many people who smoke cigarettes report believing that nicotine causes cancer, a misperception that may reduce interest in switching to noncombustible nicotine products. Quantitative survey questions do not capture how this population thinks about nicotine and switching to noncombustible products. Methods: This study used an online convenience sample of 193 US adults who smoke cigarettes and reported that nicotine causes cancer. Res…
Is Maintenance or Switching Between Freebase and Nicotine Salt Liquid Associated with Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Dependence
Background Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use one of two formulations of nicotine—freebase or nicotine salt. This study examines whether maintenance or switching between nicotine formulations is associated with ENDS dependence using longitudinal survey data.Methods 543 U.S. adults (21+) using ENDS frequently (5+ days/week) self-reported and uploaded photos of their most used ENDS liquids in wave 3–5 online surveys from September 2021…
Content analysis of marketing features in US nicotine pouch ads from 2021 to 2023
We observed a decline in terms of connecting nicotine pouches to other tobacco products and an increase in potentially youth-appealing convenience claims. Future research should investigate how these features impact risk perceptions and use intentions among people who never and currently use tobacco to inform regulations (ie, restrict youth-appealing claims)
Youth Appeal in Tobacco Advertising: A Closer Look at What Resonates With Young Adults Ages 18–20
INTRODUCTION: Tobacco companies invest heavily in marketing, which significantly impacts youth tobacco use through advertising receptivity. Despite policies restricting tobacco marketing to youth under age 21, many adolescents and young adults nonetheless report finding tobacco marketing appealing. This analysis aimed to identify which advertising strategies most appeal to young adults ages 18-20. METHODS: In 2021, 740 U.S. participants aged 18-2…
Influences of Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors on Health and Quality of Life in Fenceline Communities: A Community-Based Participatory Research Survey in Southeastern Pennsylvania
Our work demonstrates the value of assessing cumulative impacts and employing CBPR approaches in fenceline communities
Community Perspectives on the Cumulative Impacts of Chemical and Non-Chemical Stressors in Southeastern Pennsylvania
This study is the first in the area to work alongside community investigators to understand how residents in fenceline communities experience cumulative impacts. Our findings were presented to key community stakeholders to inform future advocacy work to mitigate the cumulative burdens faced by these fenceline communities
Smoking Behavior and Cessation (22 works) · Medicine (20 works) · Business (14 works) · Environmental health (14 works) · Psychology (14 works) · Advertising (9 works) · Political science (9 works) · Public health (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Nicotine (7 works)