Bertis B Little
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4285334 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Bertis B Little |
| PRENOMES | Bertis B |
| SOBRENOME | Little |
| ASSINATURA | LITTLE B B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Tarleton State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6485-4641 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 70 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 115 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 70 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Where Inequities Emerge
COVID-19 exposed longstanding racial and ethnic inequities among underserved populations. This retrospective cohort study examined inequities across stages of the hospitalization continuum-from COVID-19 diagnosis at admission to in-hospital mortality, including mortality patterns among COVID-19 hospitalizations-among Medicaid beneficiaries in Kentucky during 2020-2021. Statewide hospitalizations were analyzed using multivariable regression models…
Factors Associated with Healthcare Utilization in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Saudi Arabia
(1) Background: In Saudi Arabia, a high-income country with a publicly funded healthcare system, sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a major pediatric health challenge. This study aimed to identify factors associated with healthcare utilization, specifically inpatient (IP), outpatient (OP), and emergency department (ED) visits, among children with SCD in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from th…
Disparity in Treatment Receipt by Race and Treatment Guideline Revision Years for Stage 1A Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in the US
Environment driven changes in type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity in an isolated Mixe community in the Valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico
BACKGROUND: This study focused on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a group of adult Mixe, an Indigenous population from Oaxaca, Mexico. Mixe comprised an estimated 9.4% (n ≅ 90 000) of the Indigenous population in Oaxaca. Mexico. OBJECTIVE: This study focused on a group of adult Mixe, an Indigenous population from Oaxaca, Mexico. To compare the prevalence of T2DM, overweight (OW), obesity (OB), and hypertension (HTN) between 2007 and 2017 for a…
Covid-19 infection and mortality among non-pregnant indigenous adults in Mexico 2020-2022
Background: Indigenous individuals have higher rates of mortality and poverty in Mexico and more than half are marginalised, and COVID-19 pandemic aggravated the existing burden of health disparities. We aimed to analyse the effects of being indigenous and marginalised on coronavirus (COVID-19) infection fatality in Mexico. Methods: We identified 3 424 690 non-pregnant, COVID-19 positive adults ≥19 years in the Mexico national COVID-19 database w…
Residence in urban or rural counties in relation to opioid overdose mortality among Kentucky hospitalizations before and during the Covid-19 pandemic
Cadmium exposure is associated with chronic kidney disease in a superfund site lead smelter community in Dallas, Texas
Background: The study was conducted in a Dallas lead smelter community following an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund Cleanup project. Lead smelters operated in the Dallas community since the mid-1930s.Aim: To test the hypothesis that cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) ≥ stage 3.Subjects and methods: Subjects were African American residents aged ≥19 to ≤ 89 years (n=835). CKD ≥ stage 3 was predicte…
Response to letter to the editor
Short‐term fetal nutritional stress and long‐term health
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the impact of in utero exposure to Ramadan, the Islamic fasting month, by trimester on height at ages 0 to 18 for a sample of children from Tehran, Iran. If exposure to Ramadan is associated with significant nutritional stress to the fetus, the fetus's adaptive responses to nutritional insufficiency could manifest as changes in height during childhood, long before any effects on aging or disease risk at older ages. …
Increased thymus weight in sudden infant death syndrome compared to controls
Objective The goal of the present investigation is to analyze thymus, brain, heart, liver, and kidney weights in SIDS victims compared to controls. Background Epidemiologic risk factors for SIDS (eg, male gender, genetic, obstetric, environmental, smoke exposure, nonbreastfeeding, etc.) are consistent with an infectious process underlying many of these deaths. Methods Data from autopsy reports on 585 SIDS victims and comparison deaths (n = 294 co…
Oral health‐related quality of life in US adults with type 2 diabetes
This study showed that private insurance coverage and annual prophylaxis are associated with better average OHRQoL among individuals with T2DM. Improved OHRQoL may be associated with glycaemia control, decreased BMI, and smoking cessation. The highest odds for poor OHRQoL were found among US adults with T2DM with uncontrolled HbA1c, untreated dental caries, and current smoking
Do mating preferences remain the same when phenotypes change? Assortative mating for physical characteristics in an indigenous community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico
Assortative mating for physical characteristics did not differ between surveys conducted before (1978) and after (2000) major secular increases in height in the community, and any possible genetic effect of the secular trend on assortative was likely negligible.
Hepatitis A Outbreaks Associated With the Opioid Epidemic in Kentucky Counties, 2017–2018
Objectives. To describe county-level socioeconomic profiles associated with Kentucky’s 2017–2018 hepatitis A outbreak that predominately affected communities affected by the opioid epidemic. Methods. We linked county-level characteristics on socioeconomic and housing variables to counties’ hepatitis A rates. Principal component analysis identified county profiles of poverty, education, disability, income inequality, grandparent responsibility, re…
Thinness, overweight, and obesity in indigenous school children and youth in Mexico
Background: The prevalence of overweight (OWT) and obesity (OB), defined by the body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) among children and youth has increased worldwide in the last 30-40 years. Aim: To evaluate the weight status, defined by the BMI, of indigenous school children and youth resident in different regions of Mexico Subjects and methods: Students 6-18 years (31,448 boys, 27,306 girls) were enrolled in bilingual schools for indigenous children …
Chronic Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure and Kidney Function among African Americans
Background: We examined the effects of lead on kidney function in occupationally and environmentally exposed adults from a Dallas lead smelter community that was the site of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund clean-up. All subjects were African Americans-a racial group that bears a disproportionate burden of kidney disease. Methods : A two-phase health screening was conducted. Phase II included a physical examination and laborator…
Secular trends are associated with the demographic and epidemiologic transitions in an indigenous community in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that secular changes in body size and age at menarche are related to the demographic and epidemiologic transitions in an indigenous community in Oaxaca, southern Mexico. METHODS: Data were derived from surveys of a Zapotec-speaking community conducted between 1968 and 2000. Segmented linear regressions of height, weight, BMI and recalled age at menarche on year of birth in cohorts of adults born before and after …
Geographic variation in the growth status of indigenous school children and youth in Mexico
OBJECTIVE: To analyze variation in the growth status of indigenous children and youth attending bilingual schools, escuelas albergues, for the indigenous population in México. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The children and youth attended escuelas albergues in 1,009 localities in 21 Mexican states in 2012. Heights and weights of 31,448 boys and 27,306 girls 6-18 years of age were measured by trained staff at each school; the BMI was calculated. The stude…
Blood lead levels, pulmonary function and agility in Polish schoolchildren
Thus, Pb had direct and indirect effects that increased shuttle run time, i.e. negatively affected performance
Natural selection and type 2 diabetes‐associated mortality in an isolated indigenous community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico
OBJECTIVE: This study tests the hypothesis that natural selection is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated mortality and fertility in a rural isolated Zapotec community in the Valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Mortality data and related demographic and genealogic information were linked with data for fertility, prereproductive mortality and family history of mortality attributed to T2D. Physician verified T2D…
Greater Sensitivity to Drought Accompanies Maize Yield Increase in the U.S. Midwest
Predicting Responses to Drought The U.S. Corn Belt accounts for a sizeable portion of the world's maize growth. Various influences have increased yields over the years. Lobell et al. (p. 516 ; see the Perspective by Ort and Long ) now show that sensitivity to drought has been increasing as well. It seems that as plants have been bred for increased yield under ideal conditions, the plants become more sensitive to non-ideal conditions. A key factor…
Growth and weight status of rural Texas school youth
CONTEXT: Evidence indicates higher prevalence of obesity in rural American youth. The present study evaluates the growth status and estimates the prevalence of overweight and obesity among rural school children in Texas. METHODS: Heights and weights were measured in a sample of 1,084 school youth (545 males, 539 females) 5-19 years of age, in rural north central Texas in 2010. body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Growth status was plotted relati…
Weight status of indigenous youth in Oaxaca, southern Mexico
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among indigenous youth in Oaxaca was higher with WHO than IOTF criteria, whereas prevalence of severe and moderate thinness was similar. Differences in estimates for overweight and obesity have implications for surveillance
Altitude effects on growth of indigenous children in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico
The effect of altitude of residence on the growth status of 11,454 indigenous school children 6–14 years of age in Oaxaca, southern Mexico, was examined. Indicators of living conditions (human development index [HDI], index of community nutritional risk [INR], index of marginalization [IM], index of relative isolation [II]) were regressed on z ‐scores for height, weight and BMI, and the residuals were regressed on altitude of residence (km). Inde…
Short‐term secular variation in menarche and blood lead concentration in school girls in the copper basin of southwestern poland
Ages at menarche and blood lead levels declined between 1995 and 2007. Higher blood lead levels were not associated with menarche in 1995, suggesting that nutritional and health conditions and perhaps somewhat unstable social and economic conditions in the 1980s and early 1990s may have masked the influence of lead on sexual maturation. Elevated blood lead was associated with the probability of later menarche in 2007, although the association was…
Secular change in height and weight of indigenous school children in Oaxaca, Mexico, between the 1970s and 2007
Improved growth status between the 1970s and 2007 presumably reflects better health and nutritional conditions in indigenous communities of Oaxaca. Mean heights in 2007, however, only approximate 5(th) percentiles of the US reference
Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of children in a subsistence agricultural community
Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of 293 children, 6 through 13 years of age, from a rural subsistence agricultural community in southern Mexico was considered. Socioeconomic status was based on an index developed from landholdings, household goods, and occupation, and households were classified as high and low status. Growth measurements included weight, stature, sitting height, estimated leg length, arm and estimated arm muscle circu…
Body size, fatness, and leanness of Mexican American children in Brownsville, Texas
Changes in the height, weight, body mass index, triceps skinfold, and arm and estimated midarm muscle circumferences in lower socioeconomic Mexican American children, 6 through 17 years of age, from Brownsville, Texas, were documented on the basis of surveys done in 1972 and 1983. With the exception of height in youths ages 14-17, all parameters show gains at most ages, and in particular an increase in fatness. Brownsville Mexican American youth …
Epidemiologic transition in an isolated indigenous community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico
The objective of the present study is to analyze age‐specific mortality in a rural indigenous community in the throes of a secular increase in size in the Valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, over 30 years, 1970–1999. Variation in mortality by age group was analyzed over time for evidence of an epidemiological transition. The seasonal rain pattern in the Valley of Oaxaca (83% from May through September) was evaluated for its relationship with morta…
Craniofacial dimensions in children in rural Oaxaca, Southern Mexico
The objective of this investigation was to analyze the underlying cause(s) of secular changes in craniofacial dimensions among indigenous children in an isolated community in Oaxaca, southern Mexico, between 1968-2000. Subjects were schoolchildren resident in a rural, agrarian, Zapotec-speaking community in the Valley of Oaxaca, previously characterized as mildly-to-moderately undernourished with growth-stunting in 1968 and 1978. In 2000, childre…
Inbreeding Avoidance in an Isolated Indigenous Zapotec Community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Southern Mexico
We analyzed inbreeding using surname isonymy in an indigenous genetic isolate. The subjects were residents of a rural Zapotec-speaking community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico. The community can be classified as a genetic isolate with an average gene flow of < or = 3% per generation. Surnames were collected for individuals in each household in pedigree form using the culturally traditional patronym-matronym naming. Estimation of inbreed…
Secular change in heights of indigenous adults from a Zapotec‐speaking community in Oaxaca, southern Mexico
Secular change in adult height of residents in a rural indigenous community in the Valley of Oaxaca was evaluated. Subjects were measured in 1971 (49 males, 26 females 19–70 years), 1978 (128 males, 124 females 19–82 years) and 2000 (155 males, 255 females 19–89 years). Heights were adjusted for estimated loss with age using two protocols; height at 21 years of age was also estimated. The effects of age and secular factors on measured and adjuste…
Gestation length, metabolic rate, and body and brain weights in primates
The relationship of brain and body weights can be expressed in log‐log regression: log (brain weight) = log (A) + B log (body weight). To investigate further the weights' similarity, gestation length and brain and body weights were determined from the literature for 46 primate genera. The results of allometric and path regression analyses suggest that the relationship between brain and body weights may not be mainly pleiotropic in the order Prima…
Adaptive significance of small body size
The postulated superior functional efficiency in association with reduced body size under conditions of chronic protein‐energy undernutrition was considered in school children from rural Mexico and coastal Papua New Guinea. Grip strength and three measures of motor performance were measured in cross‐sectional samples of children 6–16 years of age from a rural agricultural community in Oaxaca, Mexico, and from the coastal community Pere on Manus I…
Secular trends are associated with the demographic and epidemiologic transitions in an indigenous community in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that secular changes in body size and age at menarche are related to the demographic and epidemiologic transitions in an indigenous community in Oaxaca, southern Mexico. METHODS: Data were derived from surveys of a Zapotec-speaking community conducted between 1968 and 2000. Segmented linear regressions of height, weight, BMI and recalled age at menarche on year of birth in cohorts of adults born before and after …
Opportunity for Natural Selection and Gene Flow in an Isolated Zapotec-Speaking Community in Southern Mexico in the Throes of a Secular Increase in Size
Our object in this paper is to analyze the opportunity for natural selection and gene flow in an isolated Zapotec-speaking community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, that is undergoing a secular increase in body size. Surveys were conducted in the community in 1968, 1978, and 2000, including anthropometric and census data. No secular change was found in the growth status of schoolchildren and adult height between 1968 and 1978; subsequen…
Genetic and environmental effects on growth of children from a subsistence agricultural community in Southern Mexico
Sibling correlations for size attained in height, weight, sitting height, estimated leg length, the triceps skinfold, arm circumference, and estimated midarm muscle circumference were compared in 6‐ through 13‐year‐old schoolchildren grouped by household socioeconomic status. The children were residents of a Zapotec‐speaking, subsistence agricultural community in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Sibling pairs were classified as being from…
Gene flow and variation in stature and craniofacial dimensions among indigenous populations of Southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras
Populations with histories of outbreeding tend to be taller even in the face of seemingly unchanged health and nutritional circumstances, while inbreeding generally results in a negative correlation between body dimensions and level of inbreeding. Populations that have experienced a positive secular trend in stature and maturation typically have histories of higher outbreeding rates in combination with improved nutritional, health, and economic c…
Altitude effects on growth of indigenous children in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico
The effect of altitude of residence on the growth status of 11,454 indigenous school children 6–14 years of age in Oaxaca, southern Mexico, was examined. Indicators of living conditions (human development index [HDI], index of community nutritional risk [INR], index of marginalization [IM], index of relative isolation [II]) were regressed on z ‐scores for height, weight and BMI, and the residuals were regressed on altitude of residence (km). Inde…
Marriage patterns in a Mesoamerican peasant community are biologically adaptive
Differential investment in offspring by parental and progeny gender has been discussed and periodically analyzed for the past 80 years as an evolutionary adaptive strategy. Parental investment theory suggests that parents in poor condition have offspring in poor condition. Conversely, parents in good condition give rise to offspring in good condition. As formalized in the Trivers‐Willard hypothesis (TWH), investment in daughters will be greater u…
Increased heterozygosity and child growth in an isolated subsistence agricultural community in the valley of Oaxaca, Mexico
Gene flow and rate of inbreeding (ΔF) were calculated from demographic data for a community previously reported to be isolated from out‐side genetic influences of immigration. Significant child growth differences caused by gene flow among children born to native parents (n = 287) and offspring of native‐immigrant matings (n = 38) were found in fatness (triceps skinfold), body proportions (sitting height ratio), and size (leg length). No differenc…
Natural selection and type 2 diabetes‐associated mortality in an isolated indigenous community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico
OBJECTIVE: This study tests the hypothesis that natural selection is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated mortality and fertility in a rural isolated Zapotec community in the Valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Mortality data and related demographic and genealogic information were linked with data for fertility, prereproductive mortality and family history of mortality attributed to T2D. Physician verified T2D…
Socioeconomic variation in estimated growth velocity of schoolchildren from a rural, subsistence agricultural community in southern Mexico
Socioeconomic variation in estimated growth velocities (annual growth increments) of several anthropometric dimensions was considered in schoolchildren from a rural, subsistence agricultural community in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. The children (114 males, 99 females), 6–13 years of age, were measured twice, approximately one year apart. Annual growth increments were computed by subtracting measurements taken in the fall of 1978 from…
Examining the research underlying the sentencing guidelines concept in Denver, Colorado
Comparison of TW1 and TW2 skeletal age differences in American Black and White and in Mexican children 6–13 years of age
Differences in Tanner-Whitehouse (TW) skeletal ages as derived from the original (TW1) and revised (TW2) systems were compared in three ethnically different samples of children 6-13 years of age: mixed longitudinal samples of American White and Black children for Philadelphia, and a cross-sectional samples of Mexican children from Oaxaca in southern Mexico. TW2 skeletal ages are, on average, consistently lower than TW1 skeletal ages. Within a giv…
Examining the research underlying the sentencing guidelines concept in Denver, Colorado
Assortative mating for phenotypic characteristics in a Zapotec community in Oaxaca, Mexico
Assortative mating for age and several anthropometric characteristics is considered in a sample of 68–70 husband-wife pairs from a rural Zapotec-speaking community in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Conditions in the community with a population of approximately 1700 indicate chronic, mild-to-moderate undernutrition as reflected in high infant mortality rates, smaller body size of school children, and delayed biological maturation. Phenot…
Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of children in a subsistence agricultural community
Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of 293 children, 6 through 13 years of age, from a rural subsistence agricultural community in southern Mexico was considered. Socioeconomic status was based on an index developed from landholdings, household goods, and occupation, and households were classified as high and low status. Growth measurements included weight, stature, sitting height, estimated leg length, arm and estimated arm muscle circu…
Linear growth of Zapotec schoolchildren
The growth status and yearly growth velocity for sitting height and leg length of mild-to-moderately undernourished Zapotec schoolchildren from Oaxaca, Mexico, are described and compared with well-nourished black and white North American boys and girls. Zapotec children between 6 and 13 years of age are significantly smaller than their North American counterparts. Differences in sitting height between the three samples are maintained throughout t…
Genetic and environmental effects on growth of children from a subsistence agricultural community in Southern Mexico
Sibling correlations for size attained in height, weight, sitting height, estimated leg length, the triceps skinfold, arm circumference, and estimated midarm muscle circumference were compared in 6‐ through 13‐year‐old schoolchildren grouped by household socioeconomic status. The children were residents of a Zapotec‐speaking, subsistence agricultural community in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Sibling pairs were classified as being from…
Gene flow and variation in stature and craniofacial dimensions among indigenous populations of Southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras
Populations with histories of outbreeding tend to be taller even in the face of seemingly unchanged health and nutritional circumstances, while inbreeding generally results in a negative correlation between body dimensions and level of inbreeding. Populations that have experienced a positive secular trend in stature and maturation typically have histories of higher outbreeding rates in combination with improved nutritional, health, and economic c…
Sibling correlations for growth status in schoolchildren from a rural community in Oaxaca, Mexico
Sibling similarities in several anthropometric dimensions were examined in schoolchildren from a rural, agrarian Zapotec community in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. The sample consisted of 44 brother, 44 sister, and 110 unlike-sex sibling pairs. Anthropometric dimensions included weight, height, limb circumferences, triceps skinfold, skeletal lengths, and craniofacial, trunk, and extremity breadths. Environmental effects were controlled…
Body size, fatness, and leanness of Mexican American children in Brownsville, Texas
Changes in the height, weight, body mass index, triceps skinfold, and arm and estimated midarm muscle circumferences in lower socioeconomic Mexican American children, 6 through 17 years of age, from Brownsville, Texas, were documented on the basis of surveys done in 1972 and 1983. With the exception of height in youths ages 14-17, all parameters show gains at most ages, and in particular an increase in fatness. Brownsville Mexican American youth …
Adaptive significance of small body size
The postulated superior functional efficiency in association with reduced body size under conditions of chronic protein‐energy undernutrition was considered in school children from rural Mexico and coastal Papua New Guinea. Grip strength and three measures of motor performance were measured in cross‐sectional samples of children 6–16 years of age from a rural agricultural community in Oaxaca, Mexico, and from the coastal community Pere on Manus I…
Socioeconomic variation in estimated growth velocity of schoolchildren from a rural, subsistence agricultural community in southern Mexico
Socioeconomic variation in estimated growth velocities (annual growth increments) of several anthropometric dimensions was considered in schoolchildren from a rural, subsistence agricultural community in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. The children (114 males, 99 females), 6–13 years of age, were measured twice, approximately one year apart. Annual growth increments were computed by subtracting measurements taken in the fall of 1978 from…
Increased heterozygosity and child growth in an isolated subsistence agricultural community in the valley of Oaxaca, Mexico
Gene flow and rate of inbreeding (ΔF) were calculated from demographic data for a community previously reported to be isolated from out‐side genetic influences of immigration. Significant child growth differences caused by gene flow among children born to native parents (n = 287) and offspring of native‐immigrant matings (n = 38) were found in fatness (triceps skinfold), body proportions (sitting height ratio), and size (leg length). No differenc…
Growth and maturity status of black and white children classified as obese by different criteria
Weight, stature, bicondylar and biepicondylar breadths, estimated midarm muscle circumference, grip strength, and skeletal maturity were compared in 111 obese Black and 120 obese White children, 6 through 12 years of age. The children were classified as obese by the triceps skinfold (TSF), body mass index (BMI), or both, and were labeled, respectively as TSF Obese, BMI Obese, and BMI+TSF Obese. The anthropmetric dimensions, including grip strengt…
Gestation length, metabolic rate, and body and brain weights in primates
The relationship of brain and body weights can be expressed in log‐log regression: log (brain weight) = log (A) + B log (body weight). To investigate further the weights' similarity, gestation length and brain and body weights were determined from the literature for 46 primate genera. The results of allometric and path regression analyses suggest that the relationship between brain and body weights may not be mainly pleiotropic in the order Prima…
Blood lead levels and growth status of children
Several studies have shown that elevated blood lead (Pb) levels in children are associated with decreased growth. Among 139 children aged 1 to 10 years (66 male, 73 female) who attended a Pb clinic in Dallas, Texas, growth was decreased by 1.6 cm in height, 1.4 kg in weight, and 0.6 cm in head circumference for each 10 μg/dl increase in blood Pb. Consistent with previously reported effects of Pb, several clinical symptoms (hearing deficit, dental…
Sibling similarity in annual growth increments in schoolchildren from a rural community in Oaxaca, Mexico
Sibling similarity in annual growth increments was analysed in schoolchildren, aged 6-13 years, from a Zapotec-speaking, subsistence agricultural community in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Sibling correlations for 44 brother-brother, 44 sister-sister, and 110 unlike sex pairs were computed for 17 dimensions holding constant environmental effects, age difference between siblings, and the growth status of each sibling for the dimension. …
Heroin abuse during pregnancy
Heroin abuse during pregnancy is associated with 1) fetal growth retardation and neonatal withdrawal syndrome in infants and 2) an increased frequency of abruptio placentae, sexually transmitted diseases, and other complications in mothers. Based on the findings of several small cohort studies, postnatal growth and development of infants whose mothers were addicted to heroin during pregnancy appears to fall within normal variation. In the present…
Peripartum cocaine use and adverse pregnancy outcome
The objective of the study was to analyze possible adverse effects of peripartum cocaine use on maternal and fetal outcomes. Informed consent was given by 720 (97%) of 740 women who delivered consecutively at a large urban public hospital to test an umbilical cord blood sample for the presence of non-medically administered drugs of abuse and alcohol and to be interviewed for the study. Samples were tested for the presence of a cocaine metabolite …
Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure and postnatal environment on child development
Studies on the long-term developmental effects of in utero cocaine exposure are few and the small number of studies published do not consider the postnatal environment. The present investigation was conducted to quantify the role that postnatal environment played compared to prenatal exposure. Four groups of 25 infants, each assessed at 12 months of age, were included in the study design: 1) noncocaine-exposed children residing with their biologi…
Prevalence of obesity among school children in the United Arab Emirates
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates, using the body mass index (BMI) as the indicator. The sample included 1,787 males and 2,288 females 6-16 years. Physicians and trained nurses measured height and weight, and the BMI (kg/m(2)) was calculated. The 50(th) centile of the BMI was not different from that for the US. Similarly, the height and weight of UAE children …
Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure and postnatal environment on child development
Studies on the long-term developmental effects of in utero cocaine exposure are few and the small number of studies published do not consider the postnatal environment. The present investigation was conducted to quantify the role that postnatal environment played compared to prenatal exposure. Four groups of 25 infants, each assessed at 12 months of age, were included in the study design: 1) noncocaine-exposed children residing with their biologi…
Abnormal allometric size of vital body organs among sudden infant death syndrome victims
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims are difficult to describe physically because they seem outwardly indistinguishable in nearly all characteristics from infants (alive or dead) of comparable chronological age. Relative (allometric) size of vital organ and body weights has not been examined among SIDS victims. In the present study, autopsy organ and body weights for 152 SIDS deaths (1-12 months) were compared with the results of 115 contr…
Anthropometric asymmetry in chronically undernourished children from Southern Mexico
In previous studies, environmental stress has been associated with increased structural asymmetry, indicating differential rates of development on either side of the median plane. To analyse the effect of environmental stress upon anthropometric asymmetry, six bilateral measurements and one derived measurement were compared between chronically mild-to-moderately undernourished school children (7-13 years of age) and a well-nourished control sampl…
Secular change in height, sitting height and leg length in rural Oaxaca, southern Mexico
There are major secular increases in height, sitting height and estimated leg length of children and adolescents of both sexes since 1978. Secular gains in height are of similar magnitude in boys and girls 6-13 years, but are greater in adolescent and young adult males than females. The secular increase in height of young adults of both sexes is smaller than that among adolescents. Estimated leg length accounts for about 60% of the secular increa…
Secular change in age at menarche in rural Oaxaca, southern Mexico
There is a major secular decline in the age at menarche of adolescent girls and young adult women between 1978 and 2000. The estimated rate of decline in adult women is about one-half of that in adolescent girls. The secular decline in age at menarche is consistent with corresponding secular gains height, sitting height and estimated leg length of children and adolescents in the community; corresponding secular gains are smaller in young adults 1…
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