Peter S W Davies
Biographic Data
| ID | 4289794 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter S W Davies |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter S W |
| FAMILY NAME | Davies |
| SIGNATURE | DAVIES P S W |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Queensland |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7848-8515 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 9 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Impact of Maternal Infant Weight Perception on Infant Feeding and Dietary Intake
Comparative evidence of the consumption from fast-food restaurants between normal-weight and obese Saudi schoolchildren
Objective To provide an in-depth analysis of the relationship between obesity and fast-food consumption by comparing urban obese and normal-weight Saudi Arabian children. Design A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2015 to March 2016. Participants were divided into two groups (normal weight and obese) and further stratified by sex. Groups were randomly selected using a multistage stratified cluster-sampling technique. A…
Eating behavior traits associated with demographic variables and implications for obesity outcomes in early childhood
The Iodine Status of Queensland Preschool Children After the Introduction of Mandatory Iodine Fortification in Bread
Utility of the waist-to-height ratio as an instrument to measure parental perception of body weight in children and its use in a population-based survey of children
Objective To investigate which anthropometric measure of overweight status, BMI or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), is most closely associated with parents’ perception of their child's overweight status. Design The sensitivity and specificity of parental perception against child-specific BMI and WHtR definitions of overweight were tested. Setting Primary schools in Queensland, Australia. Subjects Boys and girls aged 9·00–11·99 years ( n 1431). Resul…
Defining anthropometric cut-off levels related to metabolic risk in a group of Sri Lankan children
This chart analysis clearly confirms that Sri Lankan children have a high %FM from a young age. With age, more changes occur in FM than in fat free mass (FFM). Although the newly defined BMI and WC cut-off values appear to be quite low, they are comparable to some recent data obtained in similar populations
A prospective, longitudinal study of growth, nutrition and sedentary behaviour in young children with cerebral palsy
This protocol describes a study that will provide the first longitudinal description of the relationship between functional attainment and modifiable lifestyle factors (dietary intake and habitual time spent sedentary) and their impact on the growth, body composition and nutritional status of young children with cerebral palsy across all levels of functional ability
Developing waist-to-height ratio cut-offs to define overweight and obesity in children and adolescents
Objective The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) assesses abdominal adiposity and has been proposed to be of greater value in predicting obesity-related cardiovascular health risks in children than BMI. The present study aims to develop WHtR cut-offs for overweight and obesity based on the 85th and 95th percentiles for the percentage body fat (%BF) in a cohort of children and adolescents. Design Waist circumference (WC), height, triceps and subscapular…
Rationale, design and methods for a randomised and controlled trial to investigate whether home access to electronic games decreases children's physical activity
This trial is registered in the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12609000279224)
Prediction of height from knee height in children with cerebral palsy and non-disabled children
Measurement of height or length is essential in the assessment of nutritional status. In some conditions, for example cerebral palsy (CP), such measurements may be difficult or impossible. Proxy measurements such as knee height have been used to predict height in such cases. We have evaluated two equations in the literature that predict stature from knee height in a group of 17 children with CP and 20 non-disabled children. The two equations perf…
Validity of BMI as a measure of obesity in Australian white Caucasian and Australian Sri Lankan children
BMI is a poor indicator of percentage fat and the commonly used cut-off values were not sensitive enough to detect cases of childhood obesity in this study. In order to improve the diagnosis of obesity, either BMI cut-off values should be revised to increase the sensitivity or the possibility of using other indirect methods of estimating the %FM should be explored
Correcting physical activity energy expenditure for body size in children
Being able to compare the energy cost of physical activity across and between populations is important. However, energy expenditure is related to body size, so it is necessary to appropriately adjust for differences in body size when comparisons are made. This study examined the relationship between the daily energy cost of activity and body weight in 47 children aged 6-10 years. Log-log regression showed weight1.0 to be an inappropriate adjustme…
The use of body mass index to predict body composition in children
We have shown that the use of BMI to predict fat mass/height(2), and consequently percentage body fat, is superior to the use of BMI to predict percentage body fat based directly upon the R(2) values of the above analysis
Body mass index and the prediction of percentage body fat in Australian Chinese women
As a consequence, it is possible that the use of BMI to predict FM/H2 and not percentage body fat in the first instance may prove to be more useful in a number of adult populations. Nevertheless, with a relatively small sample size it is difficult, if not impossible, to test the developed equations on a validation group and further investigation into the findings described in this paper needs to be undertaken
Total energy expenditure in young children
Measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) in young children is now possible without interfering with or influencing lifestyle. Such data allow direct comparison with recommendations for energy requirements which have hitherto been based on measurements of energy intake. Evaluation of the current world data of measured TEE in children aged 1-6 years shows a consistent pattern despite originating from different laboratories. Data from 225 child…
Relationship between behavior and energy expenditure in 12‐week‐old infants
In order to apply current international recommendations of basing energy requirements on energy expenditures (FAO/WHO/UNU [1985] Energy and Protein Requirements WHO: Geneva) to infants, it is first necessary to ascertain which aspects of infant physical activity significantly influence energy expenditure. The relationship between behavioral activity and energy expenditure was, therefore, investigated in 12 week infants. Behavior was assessed usin…
Relationship between behavior and energy expenditure in 12-week-old infants
In order to apply current international recommendations of basing energy requirements on energy expenditures (FAO/WHO/UNU [1985] Energy and Protein Requirements WHO: Geneva) to infants, it is first necessary to ascertain which aspects of infant physical activity significantly influence energy expenditure. The relationship between behavioral activity and energy expenditure was, therefore, investigated in 12 week infants. Behavior was assessed usin…
Energy cost of physical activity in twelve week old infants
The energy cost of physical activity has long remained the component of energy expenditure most difficult to quantify. Measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living infants by the doubly-labelled water method permits a new approach. The energy cost of activity was estimated in 12 week infants as the difference between TEE and the sum of minimal metabolic rate, the energy cost of tissue synthesis, and thermogenesis. No differences w…
Diet and behavioural activity in 12-week-old infants
Deposition of excess dietary energy occurs if energy intake exceeds expenditure. Anthropometric differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants due to differences in energy deposition are frequently reported. It has been suggested that infant obesity may result from decreased levels of energy expenditure on physical activity. Infant diet may therefore influence energy balance by affecting behaviour and hence energy expenditure. Behavioural…
Estimates of body fatness in infancy and childhood
Body composition estimates in infants and children are difficult largely due to ethical and practical reasons. However, the use of H 2 18 O as a tracer for the calulation of total body water allows the noninvasive estimation of fat‐free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in the pediatric population. Body fatness was estimated on 244 occasions in infants and children 0.1 to 3.99 years of age. The mean percentage body fatness in the first year of life is…
The growth of boys in the Stuttgart Carlschule, 1771–93
Height measurements taken in a mixed longitudinal manner on 1084 German-born boys aged 7 to 21+ at the Carlschule Academy in Stuttgart during the period 1771-93 have been examined. The boys can be divided into upper (aristocrat), middle and lower (artisan, servant) classes, nearly all housed and fed in this boarding school. Preece-Baines curves have been fitted to a subsample of 155 boys whose measurements cover at least the period 12-16 years at…
A relationship between bioelectrical impedance and total body water in young adults
Total body water was measured using the stable isotope H2(18)O in 14 young adults. Body resistance was assessed using a tetrapolar technique using a Holtain body-composition analyzer. Total body water was highly correlated (r = 0.96; p less than 0.001) with height2/resistance. The inclusion of body weight in the prediction equation reduced the standard error of estimate from 1.9 to 1.51. Bioelectrical resistance can be used to assess other body-c…
The prediction of total body water using bioelectrical impedance in children and adolescents
Total body water was measured in 26 children and adolescents using the stable isotope H2O18. Body resistance was measured using a tetrapolar technique with a constant 50Khz, 800 microA alternating current. Total body water was highly correlated (r = 0.97; P less than 0.001) with height2/body resistance. Measurements of body resistance are non-invasive, rapid and readily acceptable to children. For these reasons the measurement of body resistance …
The distribution of subcutaneous and internal fat in man
Total body fat mass was estimated in 25 women and 21 men from densitometry. All subjects were apparently healthy. Subcutaneous fat mass was calculated by measuring subcutaneous fat thickness at 12 sites using A-mode ultrasound. The proportion of fat situated subcutaneously (PFSS) was found to vary considerably between individuals (range 0.50-0.97 in the women, 0.40-0.97 in the men). Moreover, there was no relationship between subcutaneous and int…
Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children
Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children
The distribution of subcutaneous and internal fat in man
Total body fat mass was estimated in 25 women and 21 men from densitometry. All subjects were apparently healthy. Subcutaneous fat mass was calculated by measuring subcutaneous fat thickness at 12 sites using A-mode ultrasound. The proportion of fat situated subcutaneously (PFSS) was found to vary considerably between individuals (range 0.50-0.97 in the women, 0.40-0.97 in the men). Moreover, there was no relationship between subcutaneous and int…
The prediction of total body water using bioelectrical impedance in children and adolescents
Total body water was measured in 26 children and adolescents using the stable isotope H2O18. Body resistance was measured using a tetrapolar technique with a constant 50Khz, 800 microA alternating current. Total body water was highly correlated (r = 0.97; P less than 0.001) with height2/body resistance. Measurements of body resistance are non-invasive, rapid and readily acceptable to children. For these reasons the measurement of body resistance …
A relationship between bioelectrical impedance and total body water in young adults
Total body water was measured using the stable isotope H2(18)O in 14 young adults. Body resistance was assessed using a tetrapolar technique using a Holtain body-composition analyzer. Total body water was highly correlated (r = 0.96; p less than 0.001) with height2/resistance. The inclusion of body weight in the prediction equation reduced the standard error of estimate from 1.9 to 1.51. Bioelectrical resistance can be used to assess other body-c…
Estimates of body fatness in infancy and childhood
Body composition estimates in infants and children are difficult largely due to ethical and practical reasons. However, the use of H 2 18 O as a tracer for the calulation of total body water allows the noninvasive estimation of fat‐free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in the pediatric population. Body fatness was estimated on 244 occasions in infants and children 0.1 to 3.99 years of age. The mean percentage body fatness in the first year of life is…
The growth of boys in the Stuttgart Carlschule, 1771–93
Height measurements taken in a mixed longitudinal manner on 1084 German-born boys aged 7 to 21+ at the Carlschule Academy in Stuttgart during the period 1771-93 have been examined. The boys can be divided into upper (aristocrat), middle and lower (artisan, servant) classes, nearly all housed and fed in this boarding school. Preece-Baines curves have been fitted to a subsample of 155 boys whose measurements cover at least the period 12-16 years at…
Energy cost of physical activity in twelve week old infants
The energy cost of physical activity has long remained the component of energy expenditure most difficult to quantify. Measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living infants by the doubly-labelled water method permits a new approach. The energy cost of activity was estimated in 12 week infants as the difference between TEE and the sum of minimal metabolic rate, the energy cost of tissue synthesis, and thermogenesis. No differences w…
Diet and behavioural activity in 12-week-old infants
Deposition of excess dietary energy occurs if energy intake exceeds expenditure. Anthropometric differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants due to differences in energy deposition are frequently reported. It has been suggested that infant obesity may result from decreased levels of energy expenditure on physical activity. Infant diet may therefore influence energy balance by affecting behaviour and hence energy expenditure. Behavioural…
Total energy expenditure in young children
Measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) in young children is now possible without interfering with or influencing lifestyle. Such data allow direct comparison with recommendations for energy requirements which have hitherto been based on measurements of energy intake. Evaluation of the current world data of measured TEE in children aged 1-6 years shows a consistent pattern despite originating from different laboratories. Data from 225 child…
Relationship between behavior and energy expenditure in 12‐week‐old infants
In order to apply current international recommendations of basing energy requirements on energy expenditures (FAO/WHO/UNU [1985] Energy and Protein Requirements WHO: Geneva) to infants, it is first necessary to ascertain which aspects of infant physical activity significantly influence energy expenditure. The relationship between behavioral activity and energy expenditure was, therefore, investigated in 12 week infants. Behavior was assessed usin…
Relationship between behavior and energy expenditure in 12-week-old infants
In order to apply current international recommendations of basing energy requirements on energy expenditures (FAO/WHO/UNU [1985] Energy and Protein Requirements WHO: Geneva) to infants, it is first necessary to ascertain which aspects of infant physical activity significantly influence energy expenditure. The relationship between behavioral activity and energy expenditure was, therefore, investigated in 12 week infants. Behavior was assessed usin…
Body mass index and the prediction of percentage body fat in Australian Chinese women
As a consequence, it is possible that the use of BMI to predict FM/H2 and not percentage body fat in the first instance may prove to be more useful in a number of adult populations. Nevertheless, with a relatively small sample size it is difficult, if not impossible, to test the developed equations on a validation group and further investigation into the findings described in this paper needs to be undertaken
The use of body mass index to predict body composition in children
We have shown that the use of BMI to predict fat mass/height(2), and consequently percentage body fat, is superior to the use of BMI to predict percentage body fat based directly upon the R(2) values of the above analysis
Correcting physical activity energy expenditure for body size in children
Being able to compare the energy cost of physical activity across and between populations is important. However, energy expenditure is related to body size, so it is necessary to appropriately adjust for differences in body size when comparisons are made. This study examined the relationship between the daily energy cost of activity and body weight in 47 children aged 6-10 years. Log-log regression showed weight1.0 to be an inappropriate adjustme…
Validity of BMI as a measure of obesity in Australian white Caucasian and Australian Sri Lankan children
BMI is a poor indicator of percentage fat and the commonly used cut-off values were not sensitive enough to detect cases of childhood obesity in this study. In order to improve the diagnosis of obesity, either BMI cut-off values should be revised to increase the sensitivity or the possibility of using other indirect methods of estimating the %FM should be explored
Prediction of height from knee height in children with cerebral palsy and non-disabled children
Measurement of height or length is essential in the assessment of nutritional status. In some conditions, for example cerebral palsy (CP), such measurements may be difficult or impossible. Proxy measurements such as knee height have been used to predict height in such cases. We have evaluated two equations in the literature that predict stature from knee height in a group of 17 children with CP and 20 non-disabled children. The two equations perf…
Rationale, design and methods for a randomised and controlled trial to investigate whether home access to electronic games decreases children's physical activity
This trial is registered in the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12609000279224)
A prospective, longitudinal study of growth, nutrition and sedentary behaviour in young children with cerebral palsy
This protocol describes a study that will provide the first longitudinal description of the relationship between functional attainment and modifiable lifestyle factors (dietary intake and habitual time spent sedentary) and their impact on the growth, body composition and nutritional status of young children with cerebral palsy across all levels of functional ability
Developing waist-to-height ratio cut-offs to define overweight and obesity in children and adolescents
Objective The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) assesses abdominal adiposity and has been proposed to be of greater value in predicting obesity-related cardiovascular health risks in children than BMI. The present study aims to develop WHtR cut-offs for overweight and obesity based on the 85th and 95th percentiles for the percentage body fat (%BF) in a cohort of children and adolescents. Design Waist circumference (WC), height, triceps and subscapular…
Defining anthropometric cut-off levels related to metabolic risk in a group of Sri Lankan children
This chart analysis clearly confirms that Sri Lankan children have a high %FM from a young age. With age, more changes occur in FM than in fat free mass (FFM). Although the newly defined BMI and WC cut-off values appear to be quite low, they are comparable to some recent data obtained in similar populations
Utility of the waist-to-height ratio as an instrument to measure parental perception of body weight in children and its use in a population-based survey of children
Objective To investigate which anthropometric measure of overweight status, BMI or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), is most closely associated with parents’ perception of their child's overweight status. Design The sensitivity and specificity of parental perception against child-specific BMI and WHtR definitions of overweight were tested. Setting Primary schools in Queensland, Australia. Subjects Boys and girls aged 9·00–11·99 years ( n 1431). Resul…
The Iodine Status of Queensland Preschool Children After the Introduction of Mandatory Iodine Fortification in Bread
Impact of Maternal Infant Weight Perception on Infant Feeding and Dietary Intake
Comparative evidence of the consumption from fast-food restaurants between normal-weight and obese Saudi schoolchildren
Objective To provide an in-depth analysis of the relationship between obesity and fast-food consumption by comparing urban obese and normal-weight Saudi Arabian children. Design A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2015 to March 2016. Participants were divided into two groups (normal weight and obese) and further stratified by sex. Groups were randomly selected using a multistage stratified cluster-sampling technique. A…
Eating behavior traits associated with demographic variables and implications for obesity outcomes in early childhood
Medicine (24 works) · Demography (14 works) · Internal Medicine (14 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (13 works) · Body mass index (11 works) · Body Composition Measurement Techniques (10 works) · Demography (9 works) · Environmental health (9 works) · Endocrinology (8 works) · Mathematics (8 works)