Sarah A Stoddard
Biographic Data
| ID | 4370051 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sarah A Stoddard |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sarah A |
| FAMILY NAME | Stoddard |
| SIGNATURE | STODDARD S A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5825-4159 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 185 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 30 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Individual Contributions of Adverse Childhood Experiences to Adolescent Substance Use
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adolescent substance use. However, the influence of individual ACEs after controlling for concurrent ACEs is understudied. Methods: Using longitudinal data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 3200), we evaluated binary logistic models to test associations from 11 individual ACEs at ages 3–9 (physical abuse; emotional abuse; neglect; housing instability; fo…
Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adolescent Behavioral Health Challenges, and High School Dropout
BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with behavioral health challenges and high school dropout, and behavioral health is associated with high school dropout. Less is known about the role of behavioral health challenges in the relationship between ACEs and high school dropout. METHODS: Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (2013) and its 2014 Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study supplement, the curren…
Examining the Role of School and Neighborhood Disorder in Early Adolescents' Future Orientation Development
Developmental theories and previous research suggest that individuals do not develop separately from their environments. Yet, limited information is known about how ecological influences specifically shape early adolescents' development. To address this, the current study examined environmental influences on early adolescents' future orientation development. Leveraging a linear regression analysis, the current study investigated how 3,570 fifth-g…
Peer Recovery Coaches Perceptions of Their Work and Their Implications for Training, Support and Personal Recovery
Creating a ‘choose your topic’ massive open online course
Injury Prevention for Children and Teens ' is a novel approach to injury prevention education that is broad, science-based, accessible, and not cost-prohibitive for a diverse group of global learners
Longitudinal pathway from violence exposure to firearm carriage among adolescents
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to violence is a risk factor for firearm carriage. Youth exposed to violence also have difficulty envisioning positive future outcomes (e.g., educational outcomes), which can increase the likelihood of firearm carriage over time. Researchers, however, have not yet examined whether changes in exposure to violence over time can influence the developmental trajectories of firearm carriage. To address this gap, we (1) examined …
Examining contextual and relational factors influencing perceptions of societal and interpersonal mattering among rural youth
Researchers have shown that interpersonal and societal mattering have important implications for adolescent development. Yet, few researchers have focused on what predicts mattering, particularly societal mattering, and even fewer have studied mattering among rural youth. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore how perceived contextual and relationship factors affect rural youths’ perceptions of societal and interpersonal mattering. Partici…
Purpose and mastery as predictors of perceived health and substance use problems
We explored whether purpose in life and mastery predicted perceived physical health and problematic substance use among a sample of emerging adults who reported ever using alcohol or drugs. We examined perceived stress and coping as potential mediators of these associations and explored whether parental support moderated any of these associations. In a sample of emerging adults from across the United States ( N = 2,564; M age = 20.87, standard de…
Age‐Specific Associations Between Violence Exposure and Past 30‐Day Marijuana and Alcohol Use
Using data from a cohort study of students at risk for high school dropout, we examined associations between violence exposure and past 30-day alcohol and marijuana use. We used varying-coefficient regression with person-level fixed effects to estimate how those associations changed within-person across ages approximately 14-23. Generally, violence perpetration was most strongly associated with substance use, within-person. Substance use became i…
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Indirect Effect of Violence Exposure on Future Orientation Through Perceived Stress and the Buffering Effect of Family Participation
Exposure to violence ( ETV ) during adolescence has been associated with negative effects in later life, and may negatively affect an individual's future orientation. Future orientation has important health implications and warrants being studied. Yet, few researchers have examined how ETV affects an individual's future orientation as a young adult. The purpose of this study was to examine the indirect effect of ETV during adolescence on future o…
More Than Just Keeping Busy
Racial discrimination and cortisol in African American emerging adults
Our results lay the foundation for future research on racial health disparities by suggesting that contextual factors such as neighborhood racial composition can shape the influence race-based discrimination has on health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved
Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Intentions Among Adolescents
Perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use are associated with adolescent substance use behavior, yet research on the role of contextual factors and positive assets in this relationship is scant. This study examined the relationship between school environment and peer influence and past 30-day alcohol and marijuana use via positive future orientation and AOD perceptions in a high school sample ( n = 392; 49% male; 73% White). A positive peer…
The Association Between Early Exposure to Violence in Emerging Adulthood and Substance Use in Early-Adulthood Among Inner-City Individuals
This study investigated whether being exposed to violence early in life is a risk factor for substance use later in life. Tenets of the stress-coping model and the self-medication hypothesis guided the analyses. Participants included 850 individuals from an economically challenged, urban community in Flint, MI (83% Black/African American; 50% male). Exposure to violence was measured four times in sequential years during emerging adulthood (ages 2…
Life Satisfaction, School Satisfaction, and School Violence
Trajectories of organized activity participation among urban adolescents
Organized activity participation provides opportunities for adolescents to develop assets that may support favorable outcomes in young adulthood. Activity participation may be especially beneficial for marginalized youth as they are likely to face stressors that increase risk of negative outcomes. We used growth mixture modeling (GMM) to identify activity participation trajectories among African American adolescents in an urban, disadvantaged com…
The Mediating Effect of Future Expectations on the Relationship Between Neighborhood Context and Adolescent Bullying Perpetration
Bullying is an important public health issue among adolescents. Few studies have examined how neighborhood context affects adolescent bullying. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neighborhood collective efficacy and bullying perpetration and sought to determine whether future expectations mediated this relationship. A sample of 196 7th‐grade students (60% female; 27% White) from a Midwestern school completed measure…
Trajectories of Organized Activity Participation Among Urban Adolescents
Promoting Positive Future Expectations During Adolescence
Positive future expectations can facilitate optimal development and contribute to healthier outcomes for youth. Researchers suggest that internal resources and community‐level factors may influence adolescent future expectations, yet little is known about the processes through which these benefits are conferred. The present study examined the relationship between contribution to community, neighborhood collective efficacy, purpose, hope and futur…
Depressive symptoms, social support, and violence exposure among urban youth
Depression is a serious mental health concern among adolescents. Violence exposure is a potent risk factor for depression. Social support may help reduce depression risk, even when adolescents are exposed to violence. Using a compensatory model of resilience, we investigate the influence of violence exposure and social support on depression over time in a sample of urban youth during the high school years (N = 824, 52% female, mean age Year 1 = 1…
Exposure to Violence Predicting Cortisol Response During Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Developmental trajectories of African American adolescents’ family conflict
Family conflict is a salient risk factor for African American adolescents' mental health problems. No study we are aware of has estimated trajectories of their family conflict and whether groups differ in internalizing and externalizing problems during the transition to young adulthood, a critical antecedent in adult mental health and psychopathology. As hypothesized, latent class growth analysis approximated 4 developmental trajectories of famil…
Natural mentors, mental health, and substance use
The current study tested whether relationships with natural mentors may have contributed to fewer internalizing symptoms and less substance use among emerging adults through improved perceptions of coping abilities and an increased sense of life purpose. In addition, the current study investigated whether natural mentor role (i.e., familial vs. nonfamilial mentor) and the amount of time spent together in shared activities influenced emerging adul…
Adolescent Resilience
Resilience theory provides a framework for studying and understanding how some youths overcome risk exposure and guides the development of interventions for prevention using a strengths-based approach. In this article, we describe basic concepts of the theory, such as promotive factors, and distinguish assets and resources that help youths overcome the negative effects of risk exposure. We also present three models of resilience theory—compensato…
Neighborhoods, Social Support, and African American Adolescents' Mental Health Outcomes
This study explored how neighborhood characteristics may relate to African American adolescents' internalizing symptoms via adolescents' social support and perceptions of neighborhood cohesion. Participants included 571 urban, African American adolescents (52% female; M age = 17.8). A multilevel path analysis testing both direct and indirect effects of neighborhood characteristics on adolescents' mental health outcomes was conducted. Higher neigh…
Thinking About the Future as a Way to Succeed in the Present
Previous research has linked higher levels of hopelessness about one's future to violent behavior during adolescence; however, little is known about this relationship over time for adolescents. Using growth curve modeling, we tested the association between future orientation and violent behavior across the high school years of adolescence in a sample of African American youth (n = 681). Variation based on demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, S…
Social Connections, Trajectories of Hopelessness, and Serious Violence in Impoverished Urban Youth
Depressive symptoms, social support, and violence exposure among urban youth
Depression is a serious mental health concern among adolescents. Violence exposure is a potent risk factor for depression. Social support may help reduce depression risk, even when adolescents are exposed to violence. Using a compensatory model of resilience, we investigate the influence of violence exposure and social support on depression over time in a sample of urban youth during the high school years (N = 824, 52% female, mean age Year 1 = 1…
A Longitudinal Analysis of Cumulative Risks, Cumulative Promotive Factors, and Adolescent Violent Behavior
This study examined the effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on violent behavior across the high school years of adolescence in a sample of predominately African American urban adolescents (n = 750). Cumulative risk and promotive factor indices represented individual characteristics, and peer, parental, and familial influences. Using growth curve modeling, we describe trajectories of cumulative risk and promotive factors and test the …
Life Satisfaction, School Satisfaction, and School Violence
The Relationship Between Cumulative Risk and Promotive Factors and Violent Behavior Among Urban Adolescents
Resiliency theory posits that some youth exposed to risk factors do not develop negative behaviors due to the influence of promotive factors. This study examines the effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on adolescent violent behavior and tests two models of resilience—the compensatory model and the protective model—in a sample of adolescent patients (14–18 years old; n = 726) presenting to an urban emergency department who report viol…
Exposure to Violence Predicting Cortisol Response During Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Developmental trajectories of African American adolescents’ family conflict
Family conflict is a salient risk factor for African American adolescents' mental health problems. No study we are aware of has estimated trajectories of their family conflict and whether groups differ in internalizing and externalizing problems during the transition to young adulthood, a critical antecedent in adult mental health and psychopathology. As hypothesized, latent class growth analysis approximated 4 developmental trajectories of famil…
Do Social Connections and Hope Matter in Predicting Early Adolescent Violence
We tested relationships between social connections, hope, and violence among young adolescents from socially distressed urban neighborhoods, and examined whether relationships between adolescents' family and school connectedness and violence involvement were mediated by hopefulness. Data were from middle school students involved in the Lead Peace demonstration study. The sample (N = 164) was 51.8% female; 42% African American, 28% Asian, 13% Hisp…
The Mediating Effect of Future Expectations on the Relationship Between Neighborhood Context and Adolescent Bullying Perpetration
Bullying is an important public health issue among adolescents. Few studies have examined how neighborhood context affects adolescent bullying. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neighborhood collective efficacy and bullying perpetration and sought to determine whether future expectations mediated this relationship. A sample of 196 7th‐grade students (60% female; 27% White) from a Midwestern school completed measure…
Promoting Positive Future Expectations During Adolescence
Positive future expectations can facilitate optimal development and contribute to healthier outcomes for youth. Researchers suggest that internal resources and community‐level factors may influence adolescent future expectations, yet little is known about the processes through which these benefits are conferred. The present study examined the relationship between contribution to community, neighborhood collective efficacy, purpose, hope and futur…
Trajectories of organized activity participation among urban adolescents
Organized activity participation provides opportunities for adolescents to develop assets that may support favorable outcomes in young adulthood. Activity participation may be especially beneficial for marginalized youth as they are likely to face stressors that increase risk of negative outcomes. We used growth mixture modeling (GMM) to identify activity participation trajectories among African American adolescents in an urban, disadvantaged com…
Trajectories of Organized Activity Participation Among Urban Adolescents
Peer Recovery Coaches Perceptions of Their Work and Their Implications for Training, Support and Personal Recovery
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Indirect Effect of Violence Exposure on Future Orientation Through Perceived Stress and the Buffering Effect of Family Participation
Exposure to violence ( ETV ) during adolescence has been associated with negative effects in later life, and may negatively affect an individual's future orientation. Future orientation has important health implications and warrants being studied. Yet, few researchers have examined how ETV affects an individual's future orientation as a young adult. The purpose of this study was to examine the indirect effect of ETV during adolescence on future o…
Examining contextual and relational factors influencing perceptions of societal and interpersonal mattering among rural youth
Researchers have shown that interpersonal and societal mattering have important implications for adolescent development. Yet, few researchers have focused on what predicts mattering, particularly societal mattering, and even fewer have studied mattering among rural youth. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore how perceived contextual and relationship factors affect rural youths’ perceptions of societal and interpersonal mattering. Partici…
Age‐Specific Associations Between Violence Exposure and Past 30‐Day Marijuana and Alcohol Use
Using data from a cohort study of students at risk for high school dropout, we examined associations between violence exposure and past 30-day alcohol and marijuana use. We used varying-coefficient regression with person-level fixed effects to estimate how those associations changed within-person across ages approximately 14-23. Generally, violence perpetration was most strongly associated with substance use, within-person. Substance use became i…
Racial discrimination and cortisol in African American emerging adults
Our results lay the foundation for future research on racial health disparities by suggesting that contextual factors such as neighborhood racial composition can shape the influence race-based discrimination has on health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved
More Than Just Keeping Busy
Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Intentions Among Adolescents
Perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use are associated with adolescent substance use behavior, yet research on the role of contextual factors and positive assets in this relationship is scant. This study examined the relationship between school environment and peer influence and past 30-day alcohol and marijuana use via positive future orientation and AOD perceptions in a high school sample ( n = 392; 49% male; 73% White). A positive peer…
Do Social Connections and Hope Matter in Predicting Early Adolescent Violence
We tested relationships between social connections, hope, and violence among young adolescents from socially distressed urban neighborhoods, and examined whether relationships between adolescents' family and school connectedness and violence involvement were mediated by hopefulness. Data were from middle school students involved in the Lead Peace demonstration study. The sample (N = 164) was 51.8% female; 42% African American, 28% Asian, 13% Hisp…
Thinking About the Future as a Way to Succeed in the Present
Previous research has linked higher levels of hopelessness about one's future to violent behavior during adolescence; however, little is known about this relationship over time for adolescents. Using growth curve modeling, we tested the association between future orientation and violent behavior across the high school years of adolescence in a sample of African American youth (n = 681). Variation based on demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, S…
Social Connections, Trajectories of Hopelessness, and Serious Violence in Impoverished Urban Youth
A Longitudinal Analysis of Cumulative Risks, Cumulative Promotive Factors, and Adolescent Violent Behavior
This study examined the effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on violent behavior across the high school years of adolescence in a sample of predominately African American urban adolescents (n = 750). Cumulative risk and promotive factor indices represented individual characteristics, and peer, parental, and familial influences. Using growth curve modeling, we describe trajectories of cumulative risk and promotive factors and test the …
Adolescent Resilience
Resilience theory provides a framework for studying and understanding how some youths overcome risk exposure and guides the development of interventions for prevention using a strengths-based approach. In this article, we describe basic concepts of the theory, such as promotive factors, and distinguish assets and resources that help youths overcome the negative effects of risk exposure. We also present three models of resilience theory—compensato…
Neighborhoods, Social Support, and African American Adolescents' Mental Health Outcomes
This study explored how neighborhood characteristics may relate to African American adolescents' internalizing symptoms via adolescents' social support and perceptions of neighborhood cohesion. Participants included 571 urban, African American adolescents (52% female; M age = 17.8). A multilevel path analysis testing both direct and indirect effects of neighborhood characteristics on adolescents' mental health outcomes was conducted. Higher neigh…
The Relationship Between Cumulative Risk and Promotive Factors and Violent Behavior Among Urban Adolescents
Resiliency theory posits that some youth exposed to risk factors do not develop negative behaviors due to the influence of promotive factors. This study examines the effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on adolescent violent behavior and tests two models of resilience—the compensatory model and the protective model—in a sample of adolescent patients (14–18 years old; n = 726) presenting to an urban emergency department who report viol…
Exposure to Violence Predicting Cortisol Response During Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Developmental trajectories of African American adolescents’ family conflict
Family conflict is a salient risk factor for African American adolescents' mental health problems. No study we are aware of has estimated trajectories of their family conflict and whether groups differ in internalizing and externalizing problems during the transition to young adulthood, a critical antecedent in adult mental health and psychopathology. As hypothesized, latent class growth analysis approximated 4 developmental trajectories of famil…
Natural mentors, mental health, and substance use
The current study tested whether relationships with natural mentors may have contributed to fewer internalizing symptoms and less substance use among emerging adults through improved perceptions of coping abilities and an increased sense of life purpose. In addition, the current study investigated whether natural mentor role (i.e., familial vs. nonfamilial mentor) and the amount of time spent together in shared activities influenced emerging adul…
Promoting Positive Future Expectations During Adolescence
Positive future expectations can facilitate optimal development and contribute to healthier outcomes for youth. Researchers suggest that internal resources and community‐level factors may influence adolescent future expectations, yet little is known about the processes through which these benefits are conferred. The present study examined the relationship between contribution to community, neighborhood collective efficacy, purpose, hope and futur…
Depressive symptoms, social support, and violence exposure among urban youth
Depression is a serious mental health concern among adolescents. Violence exposure is a potent risk factor for depression. Social support may help reduce depression risk, even when adolescents are exposed to violence. Using a compensatory model of resilience, we investigate the influence of violence exposure and social support on depression over time in a sample of urban youth during the high school years (N = 824, 52% female, mean age Year 1 = 1…
The Mediating Effect of Future Expectations on the Relationship Between Neighborhood Context and Adolescent Bullying Perpetration
Bullying is an important public health issue among adolescents. Few studies have examined how neighborhood context affects adolescent bullying. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neighborhood collective efficacy and bullying perpetration and sought to determine whether future expectations mediated this relationship. A sample of 196 7th‐grade students (60% female; 27% White) from a Midwestern school completed measure…
Trajectories of Organized Activity Participation Among Urban Adolescents
The Association Between Early Exposure to Violence in Emerging Adulthood and Substance Use in Early-Adulthood Among Inner-City Individuals
This study investigated whether being exposed to violence early in life is a risk factor for substance use later in life. Tenets of the stress-coping model and the self-medication hypothesis guided the analyses. Participants included 850 individuals from an economically challenged, urban community in Flint, MI (83% Black/African American; 50% male). Exposure to violence was measured four times in sequential years during emerging adulthood (ages 2…
Life Satisfaction, School Satisfaction, and School Violence
Trajectories of organized activity participation among urban adolescents
Organized activity participation provides opportunities for adolescents to develop assets that may support favorable outcomes in young adulthood. Activity participation may be especially beneficial for marginalized youth as they are likely to face stressors that increase risk of negative outcomes. We used growth mixture modeling (GMM) to identify activity participation trajectories among African American adolescents in an urban, disadvantaged com…
Age‐Specific Associations Between Violence Exposure and Past 30‐Day Marijuana and Alcohol Use
Using data from a cohort study of students at risk for high school dropout, we examined associations between violence exposure and past 30-day alcohol and marijuana use. We used varying-coefficient regression with person-level fixed effects to estimate how those associations changed within-person across ages approximately 14-23. Generally, violence perpetration was most strongly associated with substance use, within-person. Substance use became i…
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Indirect Effect of Violence Exposure on Future Orientation Through Perceived Stress and the Buffering Effect of Family Participation
Exposure to violence ( ETV ) during adolescence has been associated with negative effects in later life, and may negatively affect an individual's future orientation. Future orientation has important health implications and warrants being studied. Yet, few researchers have examined how ETV affects an individual's future orientation as a young adult. The purpose of this study was to examine the indirect effect of ETV during adolescence on future o…
More Than Just Keeping Busy
Racial discrimination and cortisol in African American emerging adults
Our results lay the foundation for future research on racial health disparities by suggesting that contextual factors such as neighborhood racial composition can shape the influence race-based discrimination has on health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved
Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Intentions Among Adolescents
Perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use are associated with adolescent substance use behavior, yet research on the role of contextual factors and positive assets in this relationship is scant. This study examined the relationship between school environment and peer influence and past 30-day alcohol and marijuana use via positive future orientation and AOD perceptions in a high school sample ( n = 392; 49% male; 73% White). A positive peer…
Purpose and mastery as predictors of perceived health and substance use problems
We explored whether purpose in life and mastery predicted perceived physical health and problematic substance use among a sample of emerging adults who reported ever using alcohol or drugs. We examined perceived stress and coping as potential mediators of these associations and explored whether parental support moderated any of these associations. In a sample of emerging adults from across the United States ( N = 2,564; M age = 20.87, standard de…
Longitudinal pathway from violence exposure to firearm carriage among adolescents
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to violence is a risk factor for firearm carriage. Youth exposed to violence also have difficulty envisioning positive future outcomes (e.g., educational outcomes), which can increase the likelihood of firearm carriage over time. Researchers, however, have not yet examined whether changes in exposure to violence over time can influence the developmental trajectories of firearm carriage. To address this gap, we (1) examined …
Examining contextual and relational factors influencing perceptions of societal and interpersonal mattering among rural youth
Researchers have shown that interpersonal and societal mattering have important implications for adolescent development. Yet, few researchers have focused on what predicts mattering, particularly societal mattering, and even fewer have studied mattering among rural youth. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore how perceived contextual and relationship factors affect rural youths’ perceptions of societal and interpersonal mattering. Partici…
Psychology (29 works) · Developmental psychology (24 works) · Medicine (21 works) · Clinical Psychology (20 works) · Environmental health (15 works) · Poison control (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Suicide prevention (12 works) · Injury prevention (11 works) · Human Factors and Ergonomics (10 works)