Anat Gofen
Biographic Data
| ID | 4379014 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Anat Gofen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Anat |
| FAMILY NAME | Gofen |
| SIGNATURE | GOFEN A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4438-8655 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 485 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Street-level partnership: Making collaborative service delivery work against the odds
Collaborative governance is widely promoted as a way to address complex social challenges, yet collaborative service delivery often operates in environments where enabling conditions are weak, fragmented, or inconsistently institutionalized. How collaboration persists under such constraints remains insufficiently understood. This study examines how frontline actors sustain cross-sector service delivery when formal coordination mechanisms, stable …
Peak policy lab or chasing windmills? The overlooked issue of misaligned policy design
Street-level bureaucracy and Co-creation: Towards Theory Synthesis and Cross-Fertilization
Frontline organizations as experimental settings for policy change: Why public management matters even more
Termed here as Street-Level Policy Innovation, this study shifts attention to public managers’ role in policy change processes during which local street-level implementation adaptations are later formally adopted as a new policy instrument. The study develops an analytical framework drawing on the case of the Free Sidewalk program in Mexico. In summary three processes emerge such as the re-design of implementation arrangements, the accumulation o…
New Avenues for Public Value Management and the Role of Nonprofit Policy Innovation Labs: Co-Experience and Social Mediavation Labs, and Twitter
The past decade has witnessed the global rise of policy innovation labs (PILs), many of which are nonprofit organizations. Policymakers have promoted PILs as a novel approach to addressing pressing economic and social issues. Concurrent with the growing importance of PILs has been the shift to public value management (PVM), which focuses on policy outcomes that benefit the public and the needs and problems in society. One relatively new process r…
Meeting expectations? Response of policy innovation labs to sustainable development goals
Introduced by the United Nations, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim at facilitating inclusive sustainable development. Responsiveness to SDGs is considered a key to addressing pressing development problems. The current literature focuses on the responsiveness of varied public organizations to SDGs, whereas SDGs’ responsiveness of policy innovation labs (PILs) is understudied. Aiming to address both persistent and emerging social and enviro…
Understanding street-level managers’ compliance: A comparative study of policy implementation in Switzerland, Italy, Germany, and Israel
This study focuses on street-level managers’ (SLMs) compliance with COVID-19 measures in Switzerland, Germany, Italy, and Israel, in order to better understand their role during policy implementation. Responsible for the direct delivery of public services, street-level organizations serve as the operational arm of the state in general and as the frontline of government policy in times of crisis. SLMs who occupy the top managerial tier within thei…
Understanding voluntary carlessness: Why outliers matter
In the eye of the storm: Street‐level organizations in circumstances of democratic backsliding
Street‐level organizations (SLOs) play a key, but understudied, political role in democratic governance as they are responsible for the direct‐delivery of public services that are vital to the functioning of the state. To discuss the political role of SLOs in general, this study begins by identifying four SLO roles, which are conceptualized here by distinguishing policy‐sphere versus politics‐sphere and “SLOs‐as‐takers” versus “SLOs‐as‐makers.” S…
Devil in the details? Policy settings and calibrations of national excellence-centers
What's going on in there? Canadian government policy labs and public value management
Government‐based policy labs have established themselves across the Canadian policy landscape. This article argues these labs contribute to public value management. We begin by reviewing the public value management literature, followed by Canadian contributions to the policy lab literature. Then, our inventory of 35 current Canadian government‐based policy labs is descriptively analyzed, including trends in spatial concentration, the tools and me…
The influence of women’s representation on social spending in local government
Compared to men, women tend to prioritize social services, which are usually the responsibility of local government. Female political representation often serves not only as an indicator for descriptive gender equality but also as a common policy instrument for substantive female representation. Yet, empirical evidence of female political representation's influence on promoting female voters' priorities is inconclusive. Examining the correlation …
Performance management from the bottom up
Current interest in middle-managers’ compliance with performance management (PM) reforms focuses on their downward roles. To explore their understudied upward roles, this analysis draws on police chiefs’ voice directed to senior management regarding the Israeli PM system as documented since its first introduction in 1999, and as reported both by chiefs and senior managers (N = 54). Unfolding four patterns of inconsistencies between PM systems’ de…
When street‐level implementation meets systemic corruption
To better understand street‐level bureaucracy in developing countries, this study focuses on street‐level implementation as embedded within systemic corruption, which is well‐documented in the developing world. Analysis focuses on a large city in Guanajuato, which exhibits among the highest corruption rates in Mexico. To allow for a broad perspective, the analysis applies a sequential exploratory mixed‐method research design and draws on in‐depth…
Serial Participation in Urban Planning: The Trouble Makers as City Makers
Problem, research strategy, and findings The current focus on power relationships in planning processes emphasizes socioeconomic characteristics of the general public, whose participation is often portrayed as one-time, idiosyncratic, nonprofessional, and relatively powerless. To shift attention to the understudied repeated participation in the general public, we distinguish serial participation as a distinct participation pattern by focusing on …
Delegating power? Performance management from a process perspective
In contrast to the well‐documented impacts of implementing performance management (PM) systems, the evolution of PM systems' design is understudied, despite the understanding that PM requires ongoing maintenance, continuing reconsideration, and constant adaption to local circumstances. This study employs a process perspective on PM by focusing on the four generations of the Israeli police PM system implemented from 1999 to 2016. Data are drawn fr…
The polity of implementation: Organizational and institutional arrangements in policy implementation
Policy implementation is a formative stage of the policy process. It determines policy's form and effect while also lying at the intersection of politics, policy, and the public. Policy implementation takes place within a given institutional setting and requires specific structure and organization to conduct it both of which allocate decision power and mint specific roles in the implementation process. Nevertheless, current implementation literat…
Street-Level Bureaucrats at the Forefront of Pandemic Response: A Comparative Perspective
Crises’ implications for street-level implementation are understudied despite street-level bureaucracy, as the operational arm of the state, by definition, serving on the frontline of crisis treatment. Drawing on multiple public services provided by varied street-level bureaucrats’ professions in different countries, this special issue demonstrates key implications for street-level implementation during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, …
Working through the fog of a pandemic: Street‐level policy entrepreneurship in times of crises
Imposing significant challenges for both street-level implementation and policy (re)design, crises alter the environment for street-level policy entrepreneurship (SLPE), wherein street-level bureaucrats engage in policy formulation processes to secure future policy outcomes. Nevertheless, like street-level implementation in general, SLPE is studied during ordinary times but rarely during crises. Focusing on community-health workers in Brazil duri…
Behavioural governance in the policy process: Introduction to the Special Issue
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Routledge via the DOI in this record
It takes a village to build illegality: Minorities' noncompliance as manifestation of distrust
Often portrayed as social resistance fueled by authorities' discrimination and legal racism, minorities' noncompliance is considered to undermine the current order and commonly ascribed to distrust in government. To better understand noncompliance as a manifestation of distrust, this article focuses on the well‐documented violation of planning, building, and property laws among the Israeli‐Arab minority, who consistently exemplify distrust in gov…
Governmental Response to Crises and Its Implications for Street-Level Implementation: Policy Ambiguity, Risk, and Discretion during the Covid-19 Pandemic
What are the implications of governmental responses to crises for street-level implementation? The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to compare the formal role that decision-makers require of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) during a crisis. Textual analysis of 36 legislative documents and emergency regulations in Israel indicates that the additional duties assigned to police officers, teachers, and physicians reflect three interrela…
Gaming the system: Responses to dissatisfaction with public services beyond exit and voice
Citizens' responses to dissatisfaction with public services are often portrayed as following one of four distinct patterns, each consistent with current provision structures: exit, voice, loyalty or neglect (EVLN). Citizens may also initiate efforts to access public services through more subversive supply mechanisms. This study focuses on ‘gaming’ as an additional, understudied response pattern, within which individuals aim at improving the perso…
Negotiated compliance at the street level: Personalizing immunization in England, Israel and Sweden
Often portrayed as behaviour that is inconsistent with policy goals, public noncompliance poses a significant challenge for government. To explore what compliance efforts entail on the ground, this study focuses on childhood immunization as a paradigmatic case where a failure to ensure compliance poses a public health risk. The analysis draws on 48 semi‐structured interviews with frontline nurses and regional/national public health officials in E…
Street-Level Management: A Clientele-Agent Perspective on Implementation
It is now widely accepted that public policy is not merely about its formal wording but rather the ways it is implemented. Implementation portrayals are not uniform: some focus on street-level delivery while others refer to managerial actions of different administration levels. Although varied, current implementation research overlooks the distinct position of chief executive officers of street-level organizations, who are overarchingly in charge…
Mind the Gap: Dimensions and Influence of Street-Level Divergence
Street-Level Management: A Clientele-Agent Perspective on Implementation
It is now widely accepted that public policy is not merely about its formal wording but rather the ways it is implemented. Implementation portrayals are not uniform: some focus on street-level delivery while others refer to managerial actions of different administration levels. Although varied, current implementation research overlooks the distinct position of chief executive officers of street-level organizations, who are overarchingly in charge…
The polity of implementation: Organizational and institutional arrangements in policy implementation
Policy implementation is a formative stage of the policy process. It determines policy's form and effect while also lying at the intersection of politics, policy, and the public. Policy implementation takes place within a given institutional setting and requires specific structure and organization to conduct it both of which allocate decision power and mint specific roles in the implementation process. Nevertheless, current implementation literat…
Street-Level Bureaucrats at the Forefront of Pandemic Response: A Comparative Perspective
Crises’ implications for street-level implementation are understudied despite street-level bureaucracy, as the operational arm of the state, by definition, serving on the frontline of crisis treatment. Drawing on multiple public services provided by varied street-level bureaucrats’ professions in different countries, this special issue demonstrates key implications for street-level implementation during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, …
Governmental Response to Crises and Its Implications for Street-Level Implementation: Policy Ambiguity, Risk, and Discretion during the Covid-19 Pandemic
What are the implications of governmental responses to crises for street-level implementation? The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to compare the formal role that decision-makers require of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) during a crisis. Textual analysis of 36 legislative documents and emergency regulations in Israel indicates that the additional duties assigned to police officers, teachers, and physicians reflect three interrela…
Gaming the system: Responses to dissatisfaction with public services beyond exit and voice
Citizens' responses to dissatisfaction with public services are often portrayed as following one of four distinct patterns, each consistent with current provision structures: exit, voice, loyalty or neglect (EVLN). Citizens may also initiate efforts to access public services through more subversive supply mechanisms. This study focuses on ‘gaming’ as an additional, understudied response pattern, within which individuals aim at improving the perso…
Entrepreneurial Exit Response to Dissatisfaction With Public Services
Following Hirschman's seminal Exit, Voice and Loyalty , an exit response to dissatisfaction with public services is often portrayed as a replacement of one service provider with another, depending on the availability of alternatives. This article enriches Hirschman's typology by conceptualising an ‘entrepreneurial exit' response referring to citizens who exit proactively by creating a viable alternative themselves. The practical aspects of entrep…
Working through the fog of a pandemic: Street‐level policy entrepreneurship in times of crises
Imposing significant challenges for both street-level implementation and policy (re)design, crises alter the environment for street-level policy entrepreneurship (SLPE), wherein street-level bureaucrats engage in policy formulation processes to secure future policy outcomes. Nevertheless, like street-level implementation in general, SLPE is studied during ordinary times but rarely during crises. Focusing on community-health workers in Brazil duri…
Negotiated compliance at the street level: Personalizing immunization in England, Israel and Sweden
Often portrayed as behaviour that is inconsistent with policy goals, public noncompliance poses a significant challenge for government. To explore what compliance efforts entail on the ground, this study focuses on childhood immunization as a paradigmatic case where a failure to ensure compliance poses a public health risk. The analysis draws on 48 semi‐structured interviews with frontline nurses and regional/national public health officials in E…
Reconciling policy dissonance: Patterns of governmental response to policy noncompliance
Behavioural governance in the policy process: Introduction to the Special Issue
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Routledge via the DOI in this record
Hey, Mayors, Leave Them Kids Alone: Entrepreneurial Citizens, Policy Noncompliance, and Local Government Response
Citizens’ local initiatives that are inconsistent with current policy challenge local authorities to act in response. How does local government react and what considerations are involved? Analysis draws on a recent trend in Israel: Dissatisfied parents have been establishing schools even though legal mechanisms enabling such initiatives are absent and central government continues to resist. Findings indicate that local authority reaction is a con…
Service Personalization as a Response to Noncompliance with Routine Childhood Vaccination
Governmental reaction to citizens’ noncompliance with policy is often portrayed as a retrospective enforcement effort, in which incentives and information serve as the main mechanisms to change citizens’ noncompliant behavior. This study suggests that government may adapt existing policy arrangements to encourage compliance rather than enforce implementation. Such responses recognize that noncompliance is an ongoing decision‐making process rather…
Parental entrepreneurship in public education: A social force or a policy problem
Parental involvement in public education is an expression of joint responsibility between parents and the state in which parents are expected to comply with current educational policy. Moreover, parents are often perceived as reactive, whereas the educational administration is seen as proactive, mainly by reducing barriers and establishing mechanisms for parental involvement. Referring to proactive involvement in which parents practice noncomplia…
Street-level bureaucracy and Co-creation: Towards Theory Synthesis and Cross-Fertilization
Understanding street-level managers’ compliance: A comparative study of policy implementation in Switzerland, Italy, Germany, and Israel
This study focuses on street-level managers’ (SLMs) compliance with COVID-19 measures in Switzerland, Germany, Italy, and Israel, in order to better understand their role during policy implementation. Responsible for the direct delivery of public services, street-level organizations serve as the operational arm of the state in general and as the frontline of government policy in times of crisis. SLMs who occupy the top managerial tier within thei…
In the eye of the storm: Street‐level organizations in circumstances of democratic backsliding
Street‐level organizations (SLOs) play a key, but understudied, political role in democratic governance as they are responsible for the direct‐delivery of public services that are vital to the functioning of the state. To discuss the political role of SLOs in general, this study begins by identifying four SLO roles, which are conceptualized here by distinguishing policy‐sphere versus politics‐sphere and “SLOs‐as‐takers” versus “SLOs‐as‐makers.” S…
The influence of women’s representation on social spending in local government
Compared to men, women tend to prioritize social services, which are usually the responsibility of local government. Female political representation often serves not only as an indicator for descriptive gender equality but also as a common policy instrument for substantive female representation. Yet, empirical evidence of female political representation's influence on promoting female voters' priorities is inconclusive. Examining the correlation …
Delegating power? Performance management from a process perspective
In contrast to the well‐documented impacts of implementing performance management (PM) systems, the evolution of PM systems' design is understudied, despite the understanding that PM requires ongoing maintenance, continuing reconsideration, and constant adaption to local circumstances. This study employs a process perspective on PM by focusing on the four generations of the Israeli police PM system implemented from 1999 to 2016. Data are drawn fr…
It takes a village to build illegality: Minorities' noncompliance as manifestation of distrust
Often portrayed as social resistance fueled by authorities' discrimination and legal racism, minorities' noncompliance is considered to undermine the current order and commonly ascribed to distrust in government. To better understand noncompliance as a manifestation of distrust, this article focuses on the well‐documented violation of planning, building, and property laws among the Israeli‐Arab minority, who consistently exemplify distrust in gov…
What's going on in there? Canadian government policy labs and public value management
Government‐based policy labs have established themselves across the Canadian policy landscape. This article argues these labs contribute to public value management. We begin by reviewing the public value management literature, followed by Canadian contributions to the policy lab literature. Then, our inventory of 35 current Canadian government‐based policy labs is descriptively analyzed, including trends in spatial concentration, the tools and me…
Understanding voluntary carlessness: Why outliers matter
Devil in the details? Policy settings and calibrations of national excellence-centers
Family Capital: How First‐Generation Higher Education Students Break the Intergenerational Cycle
Individuals who attain a higher education, whereas both their parents did not, embody the realization of social mobility. They are referred to as first‐generation higher education students. Previous analyses had often portrayed them as succeeding despite their family background. This research suggests that although they face many challenges, their families are often facilitators of their success. In‐depth, semistructured interviews were used to c…
Entrepreneurial Exit Response to Dissatisfaction With Public Services
Following Hirschman's seminal Exit, Voice and Loyalty , an exit response to dissatisfaction with public services is often portrayed as a replacement of one service provider with another, depending on the availability of alternatives. This article enriches Hirschman's typology by conceptualising an ‘entrepreneurial exit' response referring to citizens who exit proactively by creating a viable alternative themselves. The practical aspects of entrep…
Service Personalization as a Response to Noncompliance with Routine Childhood Vaccination
Governmental reaction to citizens’ noncompliance with policy is often portrayed as a retrospective enforcement effort, in which incentives and information serve as the main mechanisms to change citizens’ noncompliant behavior. This study suggests that government may adapt existing policy arrangements to encourage compliance rather than enforce implementation. Such responses recognize that noncompliance is an ongoing decision‐making process rather…
Parental entrepreneurship in public education: A social force or a policy problem
Parental involvement in public education is an expression of joint responsibility between parents and the state in which parents are expected to comply with current educational policy. Moreover, parents are often perceived as reactive, whereas the educational administration is seen as proactive, mainly by reducing barriers and establishing mechanisms for parental involvement. Referring to proactive involvement in which parents practice noncomplia…
Reconciling policy dissonance: Patterns of governmental response to policy noncompliance
Hey, Mayors, Leave Them Kids Alone: Entrepreneurial Citizens, Policy Noncompliance, and Local Government Response
Citizens’ local initiatives that are inconsistent with current policy challenge local authorities to act in response. How does local government react and what considerations are involved? Analysis draws on a recent trend in Israel: Dissatisfied parents have been establishing schools even though legal mechanisms enabling such initiatives are absent and central government continues to resist. Findings indicate that local authority reaction is a con…
Mind the Gap: Dimensions and Influence of Street-Level Divergence
Negotiated compliance at the street level: Personalizing immunization in England, Israel and Sweden
Often portrayed as behaviour that is inconsistent with policy goals, public noncompliance poses a significant challenge for government. To explore what compliance efforts entail on the ground, this study focuses on childhood immunization as a paradigmatic case where a failure to ensure compliance poses a public health risk. The analysis draws on 48 semi‐structured interviews with frontline nurses and regional/national public health officials in E…
Street-Level Management: A Clientele-Agent Perspective on Implementation
It is now widely accepted that public policy is not merely about its formal wording but rather the ways it is implemented. Implementation portrayals are not uniform: some focus on street-level delivery while others refer to managerial actions of different administration levels. Although varied, current implementation research overlooks the distinct position of chief executive officers of street-level organizations, who are overarchingly in charge…
Governmental Response to Crises and Its Implications for Street-Level Implementation: Policy Ambiguity, Risk, and Discretion during the Covid-19 Pandemic
What are the implications of governmental responses to crises for street-level implementation? The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to compare the formal role that decision-makers require of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) during a crisis. Textual analysis of 36 legislative documents and emergency regulations in Israel indicates that the additional duties assigned to police officers, teachers, and physicians reflect three interrela…
Gaming the system: Responses to dissatisfaction with public services beyond exit and voice
Citizens' responses to dissatisfaction with public services are often portrayed as following one of four distinct patterns, each consistent with current provision structures: exit, voice, loyalty or neglect (EVLN). Citizens may also initiate efforts to access public services through more subversive supply mechanisms. This study focuses on ‘gaming’ as an additional, understudied response pattern, within which individuals aim at improving the perso…
Street-Level Bureaucrats at the Forefront of Pandemic Response: A Comparative Perspective
Crises’ implications for street-level implementation are understudied despite street-level bureaucracy, as the operational arm of the state, by definition, serving on the frontline of crisis treatment. Drawing on multiple public services provided by varied street-level bureaucrats’ professions in different countries, this special issue demonstrates key implications for street-level implementation during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, …
Working through the fog of a pandemic: Street‐level policy entrepreneurship in times of crises
Imposing significant challenges for both street-level implementation and policy (re)design, crises alter the environment for street-level policy entrepreneurship (SLPE), wherein street-level bureaucrats engage in policy formulation processes to secure future policy outcomes. Nevertheless, like street-level implementation in general, SLPE is studied during ordinary times but rarely during crises. Focusing on community-health workers in Brazil duri…
Behavioural governance in the policy process: Introduction to the Special Issue
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Routledge via the DOI in this record
It takes a village to build illegality: Minorities' noncompliance as manifestation of distrust
Often portrayed as social resistance fueled by authorities' discrimination and legal racism, minorities' noncompliance is considered to undermine the current order and commonly ascribed to distrust in government. To better understand noncompliance as a manifestation of distrust, this article focuses on the well‐documented violation of planning, building, and property laws among the Israeli‐Arab minority, who consistently exemplify distrust in gov…
Performance management from the bottom up
Current interest in middle-managers’ compliance with performance management (PM) reforms focuses on their downward roles. To explore their understudied upward roles, this analysis draws on police chiefs’ voice directed to senior management regarding the Israeli PM system as documented since its first introduction in 1999, and as reported both by chiefs and senior managers (N = 54). Unfolding four patterns of inconsistencies between PM systems’ de…
When street‐level implementation meets systemic corruption
To better understand street‐level bureaucracy in developing countries, this study focuses on street‐level implementation as embedded within systemic corruption, which is well‐documented in the developing world. Analysis focuses on a large city in Guanajuato, which exhibits among the highest corruption rates in Mexico. To allow for a broad perspective, the analysis applies a sequential exploratory mixed‐method research design and draws on in‐depth…
Serial Participation in Urban Planning: The Trouble Makers as City Makers
Problem, research strategy, and findings The current focus on power relationships in planning processes emphasizes socioeconomic characteristics of the general public, whose participation is often portrayed as one-time, idiosyncratic, nonprofessional, and relatively powerless. To shift attention to the understudied repeated participation in the general public, we distinguish serial participation as a distinct participation pattern by focusing on …
Delegating power? Performance management from a process perspective
In contrast to the well‐documented impacts of implementing performance management (PM) systems, the evolution of PM systems' design is understudied, despite the understanding that PM requires ongoing maintenance, continuing reconsideration, and constant adaption to local circumstances. This study employs a process perspective on PM by focusing on the four generations of the Israeli police PM system implemented from 1999 to 2016. Data are drawn fr…
The polity of implementation: Organizational and institutional arrangements in policy implementation
Policy implementation is a formative stage of the policy process. It determines policy's form and effect while also lying at the intersection of politics, policy, and the public. Policy implementation takes place within a given institutional setting and requires specific structure and organization to conduct it both of which allocate decision power and mint specific roles in the implementation process. Nevertheless, current implementation literat…
Devil in the details? Policy settings and calibrations of national excellence-centers
What's going on in there? Canadian government policy labs and public value management
Government‐based policy labs have established themselves across the Canadian policy landscape. This article argues these labs contribute to public value management. We begin by reviewing the public value management literature, followed by Canadian contributions to the policy lab literature. Then, our inventory of 35 current Canadian government‐based policy labs is descriptively analyzed, including trends in spatial concentration, the tools and me…
The influence of women’s representation on social spending in local government
Compared to men, women tend to prioritize social services, which are usually the responsibility of local government. Female political representation often serves not only as an indicator for descriptive gender equality but also as a common policy instrument for substantive female representation. Yet, empirical evidence of female political representation's influence on promoting female voters' priorities is inconclusive. Examining the correlation …
Frontline organizations as experimental settings for policy change: Why public management matters even more
Termed here as Street-Level Policy Innovation, this study shifts attention to public managers’ role in policy change processes during which local street-level implementation adaptations are later formally adopted as a new policy instrument. The study develops an analytical framework drawing on the case of the Free Sidewalk program in Mexico. In summary three processes emerge such as the re-design of implementation arrangements, the accumulation o…
New Avenues for Public Value Management and the Role of Nonprofit Policy Innovation Labs: Co-Experience and Social Mediavation Labs, and Twitter
The past decade has witnessed the global rise of policy innovation labs (PILs), many of which are nonprofit organizations. Policymakers have promoted PILs as a novel approach to addressing pressing economic and social issues. Concurrent with the growing importance of PILs has been the shift to public value management (PVM), which focuses on policy outcomes that benefit the public and the needs and problems in society. One relatively new process r…
Political science (29 works) · Public Administration (18 works) · Business (15 works) · Public Administration (15 works) · Public Policy and Administration Research (15 works) · Public relations (15 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Law (11 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Psychology (10 works)