Sarah Hummel
Biographic Data
| ID | 4379871 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sarah Hummel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sarah |
| FAMILY NAME | Hummel |
| SIGNATURE | HUMMEL S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5821-1722 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 7 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 13 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 7 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Leaders Online
How do the strategic political incentives of different regime types influence the structure and sentiment of social media communication by heads of government? Political leaders increasingly view social media as an essential way to connect with their citizens. However, differences in accountability structures and control over information, which vary with the level of democracy, systematically influence the intended audience and purpose of this co…
Mutual restraint in nondemocratic legislatures
Nondemocratic regimes sometimes benefit from tolerating the expression of critical opinions and visions for policy in their legislatures. Doing so enables them to gather important information about societal preferences, to co‐opt potential challengers, and to address other threats to their control. In these cases, regimes and deputies exhibit mutual restraint: deputies respect regime‐set limits on their freedom to express critical opinions, while…
Elections, War, and Gender
Why might female leaders of democratic countries commit more money, equipment, soldiers, and other resources to interstate conflicts than male leaders? We argue that gender bias in the process of democratic election helps explain this behavior. Since running for office is generally more costly for women than for men, only women who place a higher value on winning competitions will choose to run. After election, they also devote more resources to …
The Election Effect
How does the experience of being elected alter subsequent leader behavior at the international level? We argue for the existence of an election effect, through which a democratic election intensifies in-group identification and generates a sense of obligation to voters, while simultaneously increasing out-group hostility. These combined effects cause leaders to overexert costly efforts in competitive situations against other groups. Using an onli…
Leader Age, Death, and Political Liberalization in Dictatorships
This article examines how expectations about the likelihood of a dictator's death affect the strategic calculations of regime insiders and potential challengers. On the one hand, would-be reformers are better positioned to plan and execute post-death challenges as dictators age. On the other hand, regime insiders anticipate these challenges and try to proactively solve the problem of political succession. The circumstances surrounding leader deat…
Sideways Concessions and Individual Decisions to Protest
Relative Water Scarcity and Country Relations along Cross-Boundary Rivers
How do countries that share cross-border rivers respond to periods of abnormally low water availability? Existing research concerning water scarcity focuses on how cross-basin differences in absolute availability influence relations between countries. I argue that understanding whether countries react cooperatively or conflictually to within-basin shortages is important. I use the case of two major cross-boundary rivers in the Aral Sea basin of C…
Leader Age, Death, and Political Liberalization in Dictatorships
This article examines how expectations about the likelihood of a dictator's death affect the strategic calculations of regime insiders and potential challengers. On the one hand, would-be reformers are better positioned to plan and execute post-death challenges as dictators age. On the other hand, regime insiders anticipate these challenges and try to proactively solve the problem of political succession. The circumstances surrounding leader deat…
Elections, War, and Gender
Why might female leaders of democratic countries commit more money, equipment, soldiers, and other resources to interstate conflicts than male leaders? We argue that gender bias in the process of democratic election helps explain this behavior. Since running for office is generally more costly for women than for men, only women who place a higher value on winning competitions will choose to run. After election, they also devote more resources to …
Relative Water Scarcity and Country Relations along Cross-Boundary Rivers
How do countries that share cross-border rivers respond to periods of abnormally low water availability? Existing research concerning water scarcity focuses on how cross-basin differences in absolute availability influence relations between countries. I argue that understanding whether countries react cooperatively or conflictually to within-basin shortages is important. I use the case of two major cross-boundary rivers in the Aral Sea basin of C…
Sideways Concessions and Individual Decisions to Protest
The Election Effect
How does the experience of being elected alter subsequent leader behavior at the international level? We argue for the existence of an election effect, through which a democratic election intensifies in-group identification and generates a sense of obligation to voters, while simultaneously increasing out-group hostility. These combined effects cause leaders to overexert costly efforts in competitive situations against other groups. Using an onli…
Relative Water Scarcity and Country Relations along Cross-Boundary Rivers
How do countries that share cross-border rivers respond to periods of abnormally low water availability? Existing research concerning water scarcity focuses on how cross-basin differences in absolute availability influence relations between countries. I argue that understanding whether countries react cooperatively or conflictually to within-basin shortages is important. I use the case of two major cross-boundary rivers in the Aral Sea basin of C…
Sideways Concessions and Individual Decisions to Protest
Leader Age, Death, and Political Liberalization in Dictatorships
This article examines how expectations about the likelihood of a dictator's death affect the strategic calculations of regime insiders and potential challengers. On the one hand, would-be reformers are better positioned to plan and execute post-death challenges as dictators age. On the other hand, regime insiders anticipate these challenges and try to proactively solve the problem of political succession. The circumstances surrounding leader deat…
The Election Effect
How does the experience of being elected alter subsequent leader behavior at the international level? We argue for the existence of an election effect, through which a democratic election intensifies in-group identification and generates a sense of obligation to voters, while simultaneously increasing out-group hostility. These combined effects cause leaders to overexert costly efforts in competitive situations against other groups. Using an onli…
Elections, War, and Gender
Why might female leaders of democratic countries commit more money, equipment, soldiers, and other resources to interstate conflicts than male leaders? We argue that gender bias in the process of democratic election helps explain this behavior. Since running for office is generally more costly for women than for men, only women who place a higher value on winning competitions will choose to run. After election, they also devote more resources to …
Leaders Online
How do the strategic political incentives of different regime types influence the structure and sentiment of social media communication by heads of government? Political leaders increasingly view social media as an essential way to connect with their citizens. However, differences in accountability structures and control over information, which vary with the level of democracy, systematically influence the intended audience and purpose of this co…
Mutual restraint in nondemocratic legislatures
Nondemocratic regimes sometimes benefit from tolerating the expression of critical opinions and visions for policy in their legislatures. Doing so enables them to gather important information about societal preferences, to co‐opt potential challengers, and to address other threats to their control. In these cases, regimes and deputies exhibit mutual restraint: deputies respect regime‐set limits on their freedom to express critical opinions, while…
Political science (4 works) · Politics (4 works) · Democracy (3 works) · Economics (3 works) · Law (3 works) · Law (3 works) · Political Conflict and Governance (3 works) · Political economy (3 works) · Computer Science (2 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (2 works)