Jiahuan Lu
Biographic Data
| ID | 4385380 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jiahuan Lu |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jiahuan |
| FAMILY NAME | Lu |
| SIGNATURE | LU J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9773-2627 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 148 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
When you make and buy: Understanding service delivery portfolios in concurrent sourcing
Concurrent sourcing, the simultaneous use of in-house provision and contracting out, remains underexplored. This study examines how the allocation between in-house and contracted modes in service delivery portfolios affects service performance. Using panel data on children’s social care services provided by English local authorities from 2014 to 2023, we find that concentrated portfolios, in which one delivery mode dominates and the other plays a…
From Connections to Actions: When Do Government Ties Matter to Nonprofit Organizational Performance
Nonprofit organizations are essential for public service delivery, yet the value of their government ties is contested. This study examines the mechanism that translates these connections into tangible results. We propose that political networking—the deliberate cultivation and use of official relationships—is the critical catalyst. Based on survey data from Chinese social service nonprofits, our findings are decisive. Government ties alone do no…
When Demand Mixes and Matches with Supply: A Configurational Analysis of Nonprofit Sector Density in China
The nonprofit sector is a vital component of good governance, yet it remains unclear how different factors interact to shape its development. This study employs a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to examine how demand- and supply-side factors combine to influence nonprofit sector density across jurisdictions, using Chinese social service nonprofits as the empirical context. We identify three pathways to high nonprofit sec…
How do non-profits use profits? Evidence from U.S. non-profit hospitals
Non-profit organizations can legally seek profits, but how they use profits is unclear. This study tests and extends Chang and Tuckman’s theory of profit accumulation by non-profits. Through a longitudinal analysis of U.S. non-profit hospitals, we find that non-profit hospitals seek profit accumulation over time. Further analysis suggests that non-profit hospitals are more likely to expend accumulated profits to pursue organizational growth and f…
Are Donors Sensitive to the Price of Giving? A Meta-Analytical Assessment
How the price of giving affects charitable donations has been subject to extensive scrutiny in the literature, but the empirical evidence so far has been inconsistent. We conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize the empirical findings on the price-donation relationship, estimate a generalized effect and explore underlying moderators. After combining 386 effect sizes from 52 existing studies, we find that the price of giving generally has a significa…
Organizational Capacity, Resource Environment, and Revenue Diversification Among Chinese Nonprofit Organizations
Although the outcomes of nonprofit revenue diversification have been widely studied, its antecedents remain underexplored. This study applies resource dependence theory to examine the factors shaping nonprofits’ revenue diversification strategies, drawing from a nationwide survey of Chinese social service nonprofits. The findings indicate that, on average, Chinese nonprofits tend to have less diversified revenue portfolios, though significant var…
Environmental and Organizational Antecedents of Revenue Diversification: Evidence from US Arts and Cultural Nonprofits
Compared to the extensive literature on the outcomes of revenue diversification in nonprofit organizations, less research has focused on its antecedents. This study investigates the environmental and organizational factors influencing the extent to which nonprofits diversify their revenue sources. Using a panel dataset of 10,214 US arts and cultural nonprofits from 2005 to 2017 ( N = 54,877) and employing hierarchical linear modeling, the study f…
Does political ideology still matter? A meta‐analysis of government contracting decisions
In the field of government contracting research, whether and to what extent political ideology drives government contracting has been a subject of ongoing debate for decades. This study conducts a comprehensive meta‐analysis, incorporating 418 effect sizes drawn from 68 previous studies spanning over three decades. The findings indicate that right‐wing political ideology generally yields a significant, positive effect on driving contracting out. …
Public Sector Unionization and Government Contracting: A Meta-analysis of Four Decades of Empirical Evidence
Within the large body of literature on government contracting, the effect of public sector unionization on contracting out is still unsettled even after decades of research. Previous literature proposes that unionization may both inhibit and motivate contracting out, making the net effect difficult to predict. Through a meta-analysis of 232 effects drawn from 49 existing studies spanning over four decades, we find that jurisdictions with higher l…
What brings contracting back in-house? A synthesis of international evidence
Contracting back-in has received growing scholarly attention, but there is little empirical consensus in the literature as to what drives governments to bring previously contracted work back in-house and to what extent. This study performs a meta-analysis to synthesize 332 effect sizes from 16 existing studies concerning the antecedents of contracting back-in across different countries. The analysis indicates that contracting back-in is a market …
Meta-Analysis for Nonprofit Research: Synthesizing Quantitative Evidence for Knowledge Advancement
The past two decades have witnessed massive growth in the amount of quantitative research in nonprofit studies. Despite the large number of studies, findings from these studies have not always been consistent and cumulative. The diverse and competing findings constitute a barrier to offering clear, coherent knowledge for both research and practice. To further advance nonprofit studies, some have called for meta-analysis to synthesize inconsistent…
A replication of “exploring and explaining contracting out: Patterns among the American states”
This manuscript conducts both a narrow and wide replication of Brudney et al. (2005, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15[3], pp. 393–419), focusing on the scope, perceived effectiveness, and antecedents of contracting out. The replication joins the original study in indicating that state agencies widely used contracting out in service delivery, but their perceived effects on service costs and quality were mixed. The replicati…
Commercializing nonprofit organizations? Evidence from the Chinese nonprofit sector
The increasing reliance on commercial income in the nonprofit sector (“nonprofit commercialization”) in various countries has become a highly contested topic. In recent years, Chinese nonprofits have also paid growing attention to commercial activities and revenue. However, empirical studies on the commercialization of Chinese nonprofits are limited. This study conducts the first empirical research to examine the scope and antecedents of nonprofi…
To Have Versus To Have Not: A Cross-City Configurational Analysis of Social Service Contracting
This study employs a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to explore how combinations of demand- and supply-side factors jointly shape the scale of government-nonprofit contracting in social services across 38 Chinese cities. Our analysis reveals a huge disparity by identifying two pathways to large-scale government contracting for “to-have” (well-resourced cities with low service needs but a well-developed nonprofit sector) versus the othe…
How Bureaucratic Representation Affects Public Organizational Performance: A Meta‐Analysis
The impact of representative bureaucracy on public organizational performance has received a good deal of attention in public management. However, the literature provides little systematic rationalization about the effects of the individual constructs of representative bureaucracy on organizational performance. This meta‐analysis of 648 effect sizes from 80 quantitative studies, closely examines the conditions under which bureaucratic representat…
In the Shadow of the Government: The Chinese Nonprofit Sector in the Covid-19 Crisis
Nonprofit organizations often work on the front lines of disaster assistance and emergency relief. In this sweeping coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the nonprofit sector in many countries is playing an active role in the national fight against the coronavirus. However, the Chinese nonprofit sector only plays a marginal role in the battle. This article, from a government–nonprofit relationship perspective, delves into the underlying f…
Stay or Exit: Why Do Nonprofits Maintain Collaborations With Government
Although the public-management literature has demonstrated a growing interest in public–nonprofit collaborations, it pays little attention to the sustainability of collaborations. This study proposes that nonprofits’ intentions to maintain collaborations with government are influenced by both instrumental and relational factors. Using a national sample of human service nonprofits, this study demonstrates that both nonprofits’ continuance commitme…
Does Government Punish Nonprofits for High Administrative Costs in Contracting Decisions
As government financing of nonprofit organizations to deliver services and implement policies has become a common practice in the public administration landscape, the question of what factors affect government’s source selection has emerged as a significant one. Within this strand of research, how nonprofits’ administrative costs affect their receipt of government contracts is still not fully understood. This article explores that relationship us…
What type of nonprofit organization is preferred in government contracting in China
Government contracting with nonprofit organizations in service delivery has become a widespread practice in the public administration landscape. This research explores what kinds of nonprofits are more likely to receive government funding for service delivery. Viewing nonprofits’ pursuit of government funding as an interorganizational effort, we examine the contextual and organizational factors that influence nonprofits’ receipt of government fun…
Using Large-Scale Social Media Experiments in Public Administration: Assessing Charitable Consequences of Government Funding of Nonprofits
In this article, we introduce and showcase how social media can be used to implement experiments in public administration research. To do so, we pre-registered a placebo-controlled field experiment and implemented it on the social media platform Facebook. The purpose of the experiment was to examine whether government funding to nonprofit organizations has an effect on charitable donations. Theories on the interaction between government funding a…
To Coerce or to Enable? The Effect of Government Funding on Policy Advocacy in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations
What Influences the Growth of the Chinese Nonprofit Sector: A Prefecture-Level Study
The nonprofit sector in China has experienced unprecedented growth in its scope and impact over the past four decades. Despite the significant growth, the distribution of nonprofit activities across localities is not well understood. This study combines administrative and census data to examine the size of the Chinese nonprofit sector across 334 prefectures. The study demonstrates a significant variation in nonprofit sector size across prefecture…
Complementary or Supplementary? The Relationship Between Government Size and Nonprofit Sector Size
Do government activities discourage or leverage nonprofit activities? The extant literature has proposed competing lines of arguments, making the net effect ambiguous. The present study conducts a meta-analysis to synthesize extant studies concerning the relationship between the level of government activities and the level of nonprofit activities within a locality and explore potential moderating effects. Through systematically reviewing 30 extan…
Does Population Heterogeneity Really Matter to Nonprofit Sector Size? Revisiting Weisbrod’s Demand Heterogeneity Hypothesis
The size variation of the nonprofit sector across geographic locations has attracted substantial scholarly attention. One dominant theory exploring this issue is Weisbrod’s demand heterogeneity hypothesis which suggests that the nonprofit sector size in a locality is positively related to population heterogeneity of the area. However, empirical tests of Weisbrod’s hypothesis reach a very inconsistent conclusion. This study employs a meta-analysis…
Policy and Management: Considering Public Management and Its Relationship to Policy Studies
As part of this special issue, this article explores the relationship of public management research to the study of public policy and the policy process. Beginning with a review of the study of public management, this article then examines some current big questions in public management, with a focus on where these questions intersect with policy studies. This article concludes with several recommendations for fostering cross‐field research
How Bureaucratic Representation Affects Public Organizational Performance: A Meta‐Analysis
The impact of representative bureaucracy on public organizational performance has received a good deal of attention in public management. However, the literature provides little systematic rationalization about the effects of the individual constructs of representative bureaucracy on organizational performance. This meta‐analysis of 648 effect sizes from 80 quantitative studies, closely examines the conditions under which bureaucratic representat…
Fear the Government? A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Government Funding on Nonprofit Advocacy Engagement
This article examines the impact of government funding on nonprofit participation in policy advocacy. Previous literature has proposed that government funding may either encourage or inhibit nonprofit involvement in policy advocacy. This study, using a meta-analysis of 38 existing studies with 218 effect sizes, finds a slight positive association between the level of government funding a nonprofit receives and the level of policy advocacy the non…
Using Large-Scale Social Media Experiments in Public Administration: Assessing Charitable Consequences of Government Funding of Nonprofits
In this article, we introduce and showcase how social media can be used to implement experiments in public administration research. To do so, we pre-registered a placebo-controlled field experiment and implemented it on the social media platform Facebook. The purpose of the experiment was to examine whether government funding to nonprofit organizations has an effect on charitable donations. Theories on the interaction between government funding a…
The Performance of Performance-Based Contracting in Human Services: A Quasi-Experiment
Performance-based contracting (PBC) is becoming increasingly attractive to public human service agencies. By linking contract compensation to contractors’ performance, PBC is expected to foster quality services, to improve outcomes, and to reduce government monitoring. However, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of PBC remains both limited and mixed. Based on a case study of the Indiana vocational rehabilitation program, this article employs…
Does Population Heterogeneity Really Matter to Nonprofit Sector Size? Revisiting Weisbrod’s Demand Heterogeneity Hypothesis
The size variation of the nonprofit sector across geographic locations has attracted substantial scholarly attention. One dominant theory exploring this issue is Weisbrod’s demand heterogeneity hypothesis which suggests that the nonprofit sector size in a locality is positively related to population heterogeneity of the area. However, empirical tests of Weisbrod’s hypothesis reach a very inconsistent conclusion. This study employs a meta-analysis…
Complementary or Supplementary? The Relationship Between Government Size and Nonprofit Sector Size
Do government activities discourage or leverage nonprofit activities? The extant literature has proposed competing lines of arguments, making the net effect ambiguous. The present study conducts a meta-analysis to synthesize extant studies concerning the relationship between the level of government activities and the level of nonprofit activities within a locality and explore potential moderating effects. Through systematically reviewing 30 extan…
Policy and Management: Considering Public Management and Its Relationship to Policy Studies
As part of this special issue, this article explores the relationship of public management research to the study of public policy and the policy process. Beginning with a review of the study of public management, this article then examines some current big questions in public management, with a focus on where these questions intersect with policy studies. This article concludes with several recommendations for fostering cross‐field research
What type of nonprofit organization is preferred in government contracting in China
Government contracting with nonprofit organizations in service delivery has become a widespread practice in the public administration landscape. This research explores what kinds of nonprofits are more likely to receive government funding for service delivery. Viewing nonprofits’ pursuit of government funding as an interorganizational effort, we examine the contextual and organizational factors that influence nonprofits’ receipt of government fun…
In the Shadow of the Government: The Chinese Nonprofit Sector in the Covid-19 Crisis
Nonprofit organizations often work on the front lines of disaster assistance and emergency relief. In this sweeping coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the nonprofit sector in many countries is playing an active role in the national fight against the coronavirus. However, the Chinese nonprofit sector only plays a marginal role in the battle. This article, from a government–nonprofit relationship perspective, delves into the underlying f…
What brings contracting back in-house? A synthesis of international evidence
Contracting back-in has received growing scholarly attention, but there is little empirical consensus in the literature as to what drives governments to bring previously contracted work back in-house and to what extent. This study performs a meta-analysis to synthesize 332 effect sizes from 16 existing studies concerning the antecedents of contracting back-in across different countries. The analysis indicates that contracting back-in is a market …
Stay or Exit: Why Do Nonprofits Maintain Collaborations With Government
Although the public-management literature has demonstrated a growing interest in public–nonprofit collaborations, it pays little attention to the sustainability of collaborations. This study proposes that nonprofits’ intentions to maintain collaborations with government are influenced by both instrumental and relational factors. Using a national sample of human service nonprofits, this study demonstrates that both nonprofits’ continuance commitme…
Does Government Punish Nonprofits for High Administrative Costs in Contracting Decisions
As government financing of nonprofit organizations to deliver services and implement policies has become a common practice in the public administration landscape, the question of what factors affect government’s source selection has emerged as a significant one. Within this strand of research, how nonprofits’ administrative costs affect their receipt of government contracts is still not fully understood. This article explores that relationship us…
Organizational Capacity, Resource Environment, and Revenue Diversification Among Chinese Nonprofit Organizations
Although the outcomes of nonprofit revenue diversification have been widely studied, its antecedents remain underexplored. This study applies resource dependence theory to examine the factors shaping nonprofits’ revenue diversification strategies, drawing from a nationwide survey of Chinese social service nonprofits. The findings indicate that, on average, Chinese nonprofits tend to have less diversified revenue portfolios, though significant var…
Does political ideology still matter? A meta‐analysis of government contracting decisions
In the field of government contracting research, whether and to what extent political ideology drives government contracting has been a subject of ongoing debate for decades. This study conducts a comprehensive meta‐analysis, incorporating 418 effect sizes drawn from 68 previous studies spanning over three decades. The findings indicate that right‐wing political ideology generally yields a significant, positive effect on driving contracting out. …
Commercializing nonprofit organizations? Evidence from the Chinese nonprofit sector
The increasing reliance on commercial income in the nonprofit sector (“nonprofit commercialization”) in various countries has become a highly contested topic. In recent years, Chinese nonprofits have also paid growing attention to commercial activities and revenue. However, empirical studies on the commercialization of Chinese nonprofits are limited. This study conducts the first empirical research to examine the scope and antecedents of nonprofi…
To Have Versus To Have Not: A Cross-City Configurational Analysis of Social Service Contracting
This study employs a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to explore how combinations of demand- and supply-side factors jointly shape the scale of government-nonprofit contracting in social services across 38 Chinese cities. Our analysis reveals a huge disparity by identifying two pathways to large-scale government contracting for “to-have” (well-resourced cities with low service needs but a well-developed nonprofit sector) versus the othe…
What Influences the Growth of the Chinese Nonprofit Sector: A Prefecture-Level Study
The nonprofit sector in China has experienced unprecedented growth in its scope and impact over the past four decades. Despite the significant growth, the distribution of nonprofit activities across localities is not well understood. This study combines administrative and census data to examine the size of the Chinese nonprofit sector across 334 prefectures. The study demonstrates a significant variation in nonprofit sector size across prefecture…
Are Donors Sensitive to the Price of Giving? A Meta-Analytical Assessment
How the price of giving affects charitable donations has been subject to extensive scrutiny in the literature, but the empirical evidence so far has been inconsistent. We conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize the empirical findings on the price-donation relationship, estimate a generalized effect and explore underlying moderators. After combining 386 effect sizes from 52 existing studies, we find that the price of giving generally has a significa…
A replication of “exploring and explaining contracting out: Patterns among the American states”
This manuscript conducts both a narrow and wide replication of Brudney et al. (2005, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15[3], pp. 393–419), focusing on the scope, perceived effectiveness, and antecedents of contracting out. The replication joins the original study in indicating that state agencies widely used contracting out in service delivery, but their perceived effects on service costs and quality were mixed. The replicati…
To Coerce or to Enable? The Effect of Government Funding on Policy Advocacy in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations
Intellectual Paradigms in Public Administration: Why So Many and How to Bridge Them
(2013). Intellectual Paradigms in Public Administration. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 308-313
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Fear the Government? A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Government Funding on Nonprofit Advocacy Engagement
This article examines the impact of government funding on nonprofit participation in policy advocacy. Previous literature has proposed that government funding may either encourage or inhibit nonprofit involvement in policy advocacy. This study, using a meta-analysis of 38 existing studies with 218 effect sizes, finds a slight positive association between the level of government funding a nonprofit receives and the level of policy advocacy the non…
The Performance of Performance-Based Contracting in Human Services: A Quasi-Experiment
Performance-based contracting (PBC) is becoming increasingly attractive to public human service agencies. By linking contract compensation to contractors’ performance, PBC is expected to foster quality services, to improve outcomes, and to reduce government monitoring. However, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of PBC remains both limited and mixed. Based on a case study of the Indiana vocational rehabilitation program, this article employs…
Does Population Heterogeneity Really Matter to Nonprofit Sector Size? Revisiting Weisbrod’s Demand Heterogeneity Hypothesis
The size variation of the nonprofit sector across geographic locations has attracted substantial scholarly attention. One dominant theory exploring this issue is Weisbrod’s demand heterogeneity hypothesis which suggests that the nonprofit sector size in a locality is positively related to population heterogeneity of the area. However, empirical tests of Weisbrod’s hypothesis reach a very inconsistent conclusion. This study employs a meta-analysis…
Policy and Management: Considering Public Management and Its Relationship to Policy Studies
As part of this special issue, this article explores the relationship of public management research to the study of public policy and the policy process. Beginning with a review of the study of public management, this article then examines some current big questions in public management, with a focus on where these questions intersect with policy studies. This article concludes with several recommendations for fostering cross‐field research
To Coerce or to Enable? The Effect of Government Funding on Policy Advocacy in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations
What Influences the Growth of the Chinese Nonprofit Sector: A Prefecture-Level Study
The nonprofit sector in China has experienced unprecedented growth in its scope and impact over the past four decades. Despite the significant growth, the distribution of nonprofit activities across localities is not well understood. This study combines administrative and census data to examine the size of the Chinese nonprofit sector across 334 prefectures. The study demonstrates a significant variation in nonprofit sector size across prefecture…
Complementary or Supplementary? The Relationship Between Government Size and Nonprofit Sector Size
Do government activities discourage or leverage nonprofit activities? The extant literature has proposed competing lines of arguments, making the net effect ambiguous. The present study conducts a meta-analysis to synthesize extant studies concerning the relationship between the level of government activities and the level of nonprofit activities within a locality and explore potential moderating effects. Through systematically reviewing 30 extan…
Stay or Exit: Why Do Nonprofits Maintain Collaborations With Government
Although the public-management literature has demonstrated a growing interest in public–nonprofit collaborations, it pays little attention to the sustainability of collaborations. This study proposes that nonprofits’ intentions to maintain collaborations with government are influenced by both instrumental and relational factors. Using a national sample of human service nonprofits, this study demonstrates that both nonprofits’ continuance commitme…
Does Government Punish Nonprofits for High Administrative Costs in Contracting Decisions
As government financing of nonprofit organizations to deliver services and implement policies has become a common practice in the public administration landscape, the question of what factors affect government’s source selection has emerged as a significant one. Within this strand of research, how nonprofits’ administrative costs affect their receipt of government contracts is still not fully understood. This article explores that relationship us…
What type of nonprofit organization is preferred in government contracting in China
Government contracting with nonprofit organizations in service delivery has become a widespread practice in the public administration landscape. This research explores what kinds of nonprofits are more likely to receive government funding for service delivery. Viewing nonprofits’ pursuit of government funding as an interorganizational effort, we examine the contextual and organizational factors that influence nonprofits’ receipt of government fun…
Using Large-Scale Social Media Experiments in Public Administration: Assessing Charitable Consequences of Government Funding of Nonprofits
In this article, we introduce and showcase how social media can be used to implement experiments in public administration research. To do so, we pre-registered a placebo-controlled field experiment and implemented it on the social media platform Facebook. The purpose of the experiment was to examine whether government funding to nonprofit organizations has an effect on charitable donations. Theories on the interaction between government funding a…
In the Shadow of the Government: The Chinese Nonprofit Sector in the Covid-19 Crisis
Nonprofit organizations often work on the front lines of disaster assistance and emergency relief. In this sweeping coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the nonprofit sector in many countries is playing an active role in the national fight against the coronavirus. However, the Chinese nonprofit sector only plays a marginal role in the battle. This article, from a government–nonprofit relationship perspective, delves into the underlying f…
To Have Versus To Have Not: A Cross-City Configurational Analysis of Social Service Contracting
This study employs a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to explore how combinations of demand- and supply-side factors jointly shape the scale of government-nonprofit contracting in social services across 38 Chinese cities. Our analysis reveals a huge disparity by identifying two pathways to large-scale government contracting for “to-have” (well-resourced cities with low service needs but a well-developed nonprofit sector) versus the othe…
How Bureaucratic Representation Affects Public Organizational Performance: A Meta‐Analysis
The impact of representative bureaucracy on public organizational performance has received a good deal of attention in public management. However, the literature provides little systematic rationalization about the effects of the individual constructs of representative bureaucracy on organizational performance. This meta‐analysis of 648 effect sizes from 80 quantitative studies, closely examines the conditions under which bureaucratic representat…
Meta-Analysis for Nonprofit Research: Synthesizing Quantitative Evidence for Knowledge Advancement
The past two decades have witnessed massive growth in the amount of quantitative research in nonprofit studies. Despite the large number of studies, findings from these studies have not always been consistent and cumulative. The diverse and competing findings constitute a barrier to offering clear, coherent knowledge for both research and practice. To further advance nonprofit studies, some have called for meta-analysis to synthesize inconsistent…
A replication of “exploring and explaining contracting out: Patterns among the American states”
This manuscript conducts both a narrow and wide replication of Brudney et al. (2005, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15[3], pp. 393–419), focusing on the scope, perceived effectiveness, and antecedents of contracting out. The replication joins the original study in indicating that state agencies widely used contracting out in service delivery, but their perceived effects on service costs and quality were mixed. The replicati…
Commercializing nonprofit organizations? Evidence from the Chinese nonprofit sector
The increasing reliance on commercial income in the nonprofit sector (“nonprofit commercialization”) in various countries has become a highly contested topic. In recent years, Chinese nonprofits have also paid growing attention to commercial activities and revenue. However, empirical studies on the commercialization of Chinese nonprofits are limited. This study conducts the first empirical research to examine the scope and antecedents of nonprofi…
Public Sector Unionization and Government Contracting: A Meta-analysis of Four Decades of Empirical Evidence
Within the large body of literature on government contracting, the effect of public sector unionization on contracting out is still unsettled even after decades of research. Previous literature proposes that unionization may both inhibit and motivate contracting out, making the net effect difficult to predict. Through a meta-analysis of 232 effects drawn from 49 existing studies spanning over four decades, we find that jurisdictions with higher l…
What brings contracting back in-house? A synthesis of international evidence
Contracting back-in has received growing scholarly attention, but there is little empirical consensus in the literature as to what drives governments to bring previously contracted work back in-house and to what extent. This study performs a meta-analysis to synthesize 332 effect sizes from 16 existing studies concerning the antecedents of contracting back-in across different countries. The analysis indicates that contracting back-in is a market …
Environmental and Organizational Antecedents of Revenue Diversification: Evidence from US Arts and Cultural Nonprofits
Compared to the extensive literature on the outcomes of revenue diversification in nonprofit organizations, less research has focused on its antecedents. This study investigates the environmental and organizational factors influencing the extent to which nonprofits diversify their revenue sources. Using a panel dataset of 10,214 US arts and cultural nonprofits from 2005 to 2017 ( N = 54,877) and employing hierarchical linear modeling, the study f…
Does political ideology still matter? A meta‐analysis of government contracting decisions
In the field of government contracting research, whether and to what extent political ideology drives government contracting has been a subject of ongoing debate for decades. This study conducts a comprehensive meta‐analysis, incorporating 418 effect sizes drawn from 68 previous studies spanning over three decades. The findings indicate that right‐wing political ideology generally yields a significant, positive effect on driving contracting out. …
How do non-profits use profits? Evidence from U.S. non-profit hospitals
Non-profit organizations can legally seek profits, but how they use profits is unclear. This study tests and extends Chang and Tuckman’s theory of profit accumulation by non-profits. Through a longitudinal analysis of U.S. non-profit hospitals, we find that non-profit hospitals seek profit accumulation over time. Further analysis suggests that non-profit hospitals are more likely to expend accumulated profits to pursue organizational growth and f…
Are Donors Sensitive to the Price of Giving? A Meta-Analytical Assessment
How the price of giving affects charitable donations has been subject to extensive scrutiny in the literature, but the empirical evidence so far has been inconsistent. We conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize the empirical findings on the price-donation relationship, estimate a generalized effect and explore underlying moderators. After combining 386 effect sizes from 52 existing studies, we find that the price of giving generally has a significa…
Political science (22 works) · Business (19 works) · Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering (19 works) · Public Policy and Administration Research (16 works) · Government (linguistics (14 works) · Economics (13 works) · Public relations (13 works) · Public Administration (10 works) · Religion, Society, and Development (10 works) · Law (9 works)