Jennie L Schulze
Biographic Data
| ID | 4391376 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jennie L Schulze |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jennie L |
| FAMILY NAME | Schulze |
| SIGNATURE | SCHULZE J L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Duquesne University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0643-0012 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 5 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 18 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 5 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Securitizing Russian-speakers in Estonia and Latvia: The Frame-Policy Nexus before and after Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
The securitization of Russian-speakers has been central to nation-building in Estonia and Latvia since they regained their independence in 1991. Securitization at the levels of discourse and policy varies over time as a result of historical legacies, Russia’s kin state activism, and the minority protection requirements of European institutions. This article introduces a typology that links discursive frames with policies to map securitizing trend…
Re-framing Russia’s soft power in post-accession Latvia: Education reform and naturalization for stateless children
Russia declared itself the protector of Russian-speakers living in former Soviet Republics in the early 1990s and utilized a variety of hard and soft power mechanisms to influence ethnopolitics in those states. After the Baltic States gained membership in both NATO and the EU in 2004, Russia began to place more emphasis on “softer” mechanisms of influence and to rely less on military and economic levers. These “softer” mechanisms include cultivat…
Pinning Down Democracy: A Q-Method Study of Lived Democracy
The social sciences disagree on how democracy should be defined and measured. This study approaches the conceptualization of democracy from the demos side. Using Q-methodology, we pin down the way ordinary Estonians live and understand democracy. The analysis reveals three distinct discourses: a libertarian democracy as freedom; a participatory democracy as empowerment; and a populist democracy as the utopia of good policies. It also points to st…
Does Russia Matter: European Institutions, Strategic Framing, and the Case of Stateless Children in Estonia and Latvia
Through an analysis of parliamentary debates concerning naturalization procedures for stateless children in Estonia and Latvia from independence through 2015, this article explores how Russia has influenced policymaking toward Russian-speakers. By shifting the focus from policy outcomes to the policymaking process, operationalizing policymakers as their own field of contestation within the “quadratic nexus” framework, and treating external pressu…
Estonia caught between East and West: EU conditionality, Russia's activism and minority integration
This article takes a subjective approach to studying norm compliance in order to determine how EU conditionality and Russia's activism have affected elite attitudes toward minority policies, majority–minority relations, and language use in Estonian society in the post-accession period. The results of a Q method study and semi-structured interviews with integration elites in spring 2008 reveal four distinct viewpoints. The study casts doubt upon t…
Estonia caught between East and West: EU conditionality, Russia's activism and minority integration
This article takes a subjective approach to studying norm compliance in order to determine how EU conditionality and Russia's activism have affected elite attitudes toward minority policies, majority–minority relations, and language use in Estonian society in the post-accession period. The results of a Q method study and semi-structured interviews with integration elites in spring 2008 reveal four distinct viewpoints. The study casts doubt upon t…
Re-framing Russia’s soft power in post-accession Latvia: Education reform and naturalization for stateless children
Russia declared itself the protector of Russian-speakers living in former Soviet Republics in the early 1990s and utilized a variety of hard and soft power mechanisms to influence ethnopolitics in those states. After the Baltic States gained membership in both NATO and the EU in 2004, Russia began to place more emphasis on “softer” mechanisms of influence and to rely less on military and economic levers. These “softer” mechanisms include cultivat…
Pinning Down Democracy: A Q-Method Study of Lived Democracy
The social sciences disagree on how democracy should be defined and measured. This study approaches the conceptualization of democracy from the demos side. Using Q-methodology, we pin down the way ordinary Estonians live and understand democracy. The analysis reveals three distinct discourses: a libertarian democracy as freedom; a participatory democracy as empowerment; and a populist democracy as the utopia of good policies. It also points to st…
Does Russia Matter: European Institutions, Strategic Framing, and the Case of Stateless Children in Estonia and Latvia
Through an analysis of parliamentary debates concerning naturalization procedures for stateless children in Estonia and Latvia from independence through 2015, this article explores how Russia has influenced policymaking toward Russian-speakers. By shifting the focus from policy outcomes to the policymaking process, operationalizing policymakers as their own field of contestation within the “quadratic nexus” framework, and treating external pressu…
Securitizing Russian-speakers in Estonia and Latvia: The Frame-Policy Nexus before and after Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
The securitization of Russian-speakers has been central to nation-building in Estonia and Latvia since they regained their independence in 1991. Securitization at the levels of discourse and policy varies over time as a result of historical legacies, Russia’s kin state activism, and the minority protection requirements of European institutions. This article introduces a typology that links discursive frames with policies to map securitizing trend…
Estonia caught between East and West: EU conditionality, Russia's activism and minority integration
This article takes a subjective approach to studying norm compliance in order to determine how EU conditionality and Russia's activism have affected elite attitudes toward minority policies, majority–minority relations, and language use in Estonian society in the post-accession period. The results of a Q method study and semi-structured interviews with integration elites in spring 2008 reveal four distinct viewpoints. The study casts doubt upon t…
Does Russia Matter: European Institutions, Strategic Framing, and the Case of Stateless Children in Estonia and Latvia
Through an analysis of parliamentary debates concerning naturalization procedures for stateless children in Estonia and Latvia from independence through 2015, this article explores how Russia has influenced policymaking toward Russian-speakers. By shifting the focus from policy outcomes to the policymaking process, operationalizing policymakers as their own field of contestation within the “quadratic nexus” framework, and treating external pressu…
Pinning Down Democracy: A Q-Method Study of Lived Democracy
The social sciences disagree on how democracy should be defined and measured. This study approaches the conceptualization of democracy from the demos side. Using Q-methodology, we pin down the way ordinary Estonians live and understand democracy. The analysis reveals three distinct discourses: a libertarian democracy as freedom; a participatory democracy as empowerment; and a populist democracy as the utopia of good policies. It also points to st…
Re-framing Russia’s soft power in post-accession Latvia: Education reform and naturalization for stateless children
Russia declared itself the protector of Russian-speakers living in former Soviet Republics in the early 1990s and utilized a variety of hard and soft power mechanisms to influence ethnopolitics in those states. After the Baltic States gained membership in both NATO and the EU in 2004, Russia began to place more emphasis on “softer” mechanisms of influence and to rely less on military and economic levers. These “softer” mechanisms include cultivat…
Securitizing Russian-speakers in Estonia and Latvia: The Frame-Policy Nexus before and after Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
The securitization of Russian-speakers has been central to nation-building in Estonia and Latvia since they regained their independence in 1991. Securitization at the levels of discourse and policy varies over time as a result of historical legacies, Russia’s kin state activism, and the minority protection requirements of European institutions. This article introduces a typology that links discursive frames with policies to map securitizing trend…
Political economy (5 works) · Political science (5 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Law (4 works) · Law (4 works) · Politics (4 works) · Economics (3 works) · Accession (2 works) · Citizenship (2 works) · Conditionality (2 works)