Matthew M Kavanagh
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4392354 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Matthew M Kavanagh |
| NOMBRES | Matthew M |
| APELLIDO | Kavanagh |
| FIRMA | KAVANAGH M M |
| AFILIACIONES | Georgetown University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1751-4828 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 5 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2015 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Intersectional forces of urban inequality and the global HIV pandemic
To determine how the intersection of increased urban growth and poverty has impacted HIV incidence and prevalence, given growing HIV inequalities globally. Retrospective analysis using combined data from five publicly available, population-level datasets to determine city- and within-urban countrywide estimates of 95-95-95 treatment targets, prevalence and incidence rates from 2015 to 2019. For city-level estimates, we analysed combined data from…
Law and power in pandemic negotiations
COVID-19 vaccine distribution was marked by deeply unequal access for Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This article analyzes negotiations between government and pharmaceutical companies, through the case of South Africa, to better understand the mechanisms through which the international order produced this inequality. A process we label policymaking via contract undermined state power during the pandemic. Using a unique archive of unredacted con…
Laws for health and care worker protection and rights
The unprecedented and multi-faceted challenges health and care workers faced during the COVID-19 pandemic inspired the world’s health ministers to call for a new Global Health and Care Worker Compact at the 74 th World Health Assembly in 2021. The Care Compact identifies key areas where governments can use law and policy to prevent harm, provide support, ensure inclusivity, and safeguard rights of health and care workers toward improving populati…
Facilitators and barriers to community-led monitoring of health programs
Achieving the global HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria targets will require innovative strategies to deliver high quality and person-centered health services. Community-led monitoring (CLM) is a rapidly proliferating health systems strengthening intervention for improving healthcare services and documenting human rights violations, through social empowerment and political accountability. Driven in part by increasing financial support from donors, a …
Income inequality and pandemics
OBJECTIVES: Assess the relationship between income inequality and HIV incidence, AIDS mortality and COVID-19 mortality. DESIGN: Multicountry observational study. SETTING: 217 countries for HIV/AIDS analysis, 151 countries for COVID-19 analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Used three samples of national-level data: a sample of all countries with available data (global sample), a subsample of African countries (African sample) and a subsample excluding African c…
The health inequity and socioeconomic inequality faced by adolescent girls and women on the move living with or at high risk of HIV infection, during the Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria
BACKGROUND: We assessed if women and girls on the move living with or at high risk of HIV faced increased health inequity and socioeconomic inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with other vulnerable women and girls. METHODS: We used data collected through a survey conducted in Nigeria between June and October 2021. Women and girls living with or at risk of HIV were recruited voluntarily, using a combination of venue-based and snowba…
Vaccine politics
International mechanisms failed to achieve equitable distribution of COVID‐19 vaccines—prolonging and deepening the pandemic. To understand why, we conduct process tracing of the first year of international policymaking on vaccine equity. We find that, in the absence of a single venue for global negotiation, two competing law and policy paradigms emerged. One focused on demand and voluntary action by states and firms, while the alternative focuse…
Equalizing the response to Aids and other pandemics
The Global AIDS response is in danger. Colliding HIV and COVID-19 pandemics, war, and economic and humanitarian crises have knocked the AIDS response off course and deepened some of the key inequalities driving the pandemic. New HIV infections are rising in Latin America, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. New infections are now increasing in Asia, where they had been falling, and while still declining in Eastern a…
Law, criminalisation and HIV in the world
How do choices in criminal law and rights protections affect disease-fighting efforts? This long-standing question facing governments around the world is acute in the context of pandemics like HIV and COVID-19. The Global AIDS Strategy of the last 5 years sought to prevent mortality and HIV transmission in part through ensuring people living with HIV (PLHIV) knew their HIV status and could suppress the HIV virus through antiretroviral treatment. …
Common patterns in the public reporting of waiting time and waiting list information
We present findings from a review of published literature and administrative documentation on waiting time and waiting list reporting models for elective treatment in a sample of international jurisdictions (a subset of OECD countries, with regional reporting regimes treated as distinct jurisdictions). In this paper we identified common patterns in the measurement and reporting of waiting time and waiting list information for elective treatment. …
Planning for health equity in the Americas
There is growing recognition that health and well-being improvements have not been shared across populations in the Americas. This article analyzes 32 national health sector policies, strategies, and plans across 10 different areas of health equity to understand, from one perspective, how equity is being addressed in the region. It finds significant variation in the substance and structure of how the health plans handle the issue. Nearly all coun…
Planificación para la equidad en la salud en la Región de las Américas
Cada vez más se reconoce que las mejoras en la salud y el bienestar no se han registrado por igual en las poblaciones de la Región de las Américas. En este artículo se analizan 32 políticas, estrategias y planes nacionales del sector de la salud en diez áreas diferentes de la equidad en la salud para comprender, desde una perspectiva, cómo se está abordando el tema de la equidad en la Región. Se encontraron variaciones significativas en la sustan…
Drivers of health policy adoption
Why do some countries rapidly adopt policies suggested by scientific consensus while others are slow to do so? Through a mixed methods study, we show that the institutional political economy of countries is a stronger and more robust predictor of health policy adoption than either disease burden or national wealth. Our findings challenge expectations in scholarship and among many international actors that policy divergence is best addressed throu…
Democracy, Capacity, and Coercion in Pandemic Response
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged governments around the world. It also has challenged conventional wisdom and empirical understandings in the comparative politics and policy of health. Three major questions present themselves: First, some of the countries considered to be most prepared—having the greatest capacity for outbreak response—have failed to respond effectively to the pandemic. How should our understanding of capacity shift in light …
Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments
Law and policy differences help explain why, as HIV-related science has advanced swiftly, some countries have realised remarkable progress on AIDS while others see expanding epidemics. We describe the structure and findings of a new dataset and research platform, the HIV Policy Lab, which fills an important knowledge gap by measuring the HIV-related policy environment across 33 indicators and 194 countries over time, with online access and visual…
Global Policy Surveillance
Throughout the world, laws play an important role in shaping population health. Law making is an intervention with measurable effects yet often unfolds without evaluation or monitoring. Policy surveillance—the systematic, scientific collection and analysis of laws of public health significance—can help bridge this gap by capturing important features of law in numeric form in structured longitudinal data sets. Currently deployed primarily in high-…
Policy change and micro-politics in global health aid
Efforts to improve the effectiveness of global health aid rarely take full account of the micro-politics of policy change and implementation. South Africa's HIV/AIDS epidemic is a case in point, where the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has provided essential support to the national AIDS response. With changing political context, PEPFAR has shifted focus several times-most recently reversing the policy of 'transition' out o…
Justice, Science, and HIV
The World Health Organization’s Momentous Struggle to Respond to the Aids Pandemic
"The World Health Organization’s Momentous Struggle to Respond to the AIDS Pandemic." , 108(10), pp. 1272–1273
The Right to Health
Evolving Human Rights and the Science of Antiretroviral Medicine
Recent years have seen significant advances in the science of using antiretroviral medicines (ARVs) to fight HIV. Where not long ago ARVs were used late in disease to prevent sick people from dying, today people living with HIV can use ARVs to achieve viral suppression early in the course of disease. This article reviews the mounting new scientific evidence of major clinical and prevention ARV benefits. This has changed the logic of the AIDS resp…
The Right to Health
Drivers of health policy adoption
Why do some countries rapidly adopt policies suggested by scientific consensus while others are slow to do so? Through a mixed methods study, we show that the institutional political economy of countries is a stronger and more robust predictor of health policy adoption than either disease burden or national wealth. Our findings challenge expectations in scholarship and among many international actors that policy divergence is best addressed throu…
Global Policy Surveillance
Throughout the world, laws play an important role in shaping population health. Law making is an intervention with measurable effects yet often unfolds without evaluation or monitoring. Policy surveillance—the systematic, scientific collection and analysis of laws of public health significance—can help bridge this gap by capturing important features of law in numeric form in structured longitudinal data sets. Currently deployed primarily in high-…
Evolving Human Rights and the Science of Antiretroviral Medicine
Recent years have seen significant advances in the science of using antiretroviral medicines (ARVs) to fight HIV. Where not long ago ARVs were used late in disease to prevent sick people from dying, today people living with HIV can use ARVs to achieve viral suppression early in the course of disease. This article reviews the mounting new scientific evidence of major clinical and prevention ARV benefits. This has changed the logic of the AIDS resp…
The Right to Health
The World Health Organization’s Momentous Struggle to Respond to the Aids Pandemic
"The World Health Organization’s Momentous Struggle to Respond to the AIDS Pandemic." , 108(10), pp. 1272–1273
Policy change and micro-politics in global health aid
Efforts to improve the effectiveness of global health aid rarely take full account of the micro-politics of policy change and implementation. South Africa's HIV/AIDS epidemic is a case in point, where the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has provided essential support to the national AIDS response. With changing political context, PEPFAR has shifted focus several times-most recently reversing the policy of 'transition' out o…
Justice, Science, and HIV
Democracy, Capacity, and Coercion in Pandemic Response
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged governments around the world. It also has challenged conventional wisdom and empirical understandings in the comparative politics and policy of health. Three major questions present themselves: First, some of the countries considered to be most prepared—having the greatest capacity for outbreak response—have failed to respond effectively to the pandemic. How should our understanding of capacity shift in light …
Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments
Law and policy differences help explain why, as HIV-related science has advanced swiftly, some countries have realised remarkable progress on AIDS while others see expanding epidemics. We describe the structure and findings of a new dataset and research platform, the HIV Policy Lab, which fills an important knowledge gap by measuring the HIV-related policy environment across 33 indicators and 194 countries over time, with online access and visual…
Global Policy Surveillance
Throughout the world, laws play an important role in shaping population health. Law making is an intervention with measurable effects yet often unfolds without evaluation or monitoring. Policy surveillance—the systematic, scientific collection and analysis of laws of public health significance—can help bridge this gap by capturing important features of law in numeric form in structured longitudinal data sets. Currently deployed primarily in high-…
Law, criminalisation and HIV in the world
How do choices in criminal law and rights protections affect disease-fighting efforts? This long-standing question facing governments around the world is acute in the context of pandemics like HIV and COVID-19. The Global AIDS Strategy of the last 5 years sought to prevent mortality and HIV transmission in part through ensuring people living with HIV (PLHIV) knew their HIV status and could suppress the HIV virus through antiretroviral treatment. …
Common patterns in the public reporting of waiting time and waiting list information
We present findings from a review of published literature and administrative documentation on waiting time and waiting list reporting models for elective treatment in a sample of international jurisdictions (a subset of OECD countries, with regional reporting regimes treated as distinct jurisdictions). In this paper we identified common patterns in the measurement and reporting of waiting time and waiting list information for elective treatment. …
Planning for health equity in the Americas
There is growing recognition that health and well-being improvements have not been shared across populations in the Americas. This article analyzes 32 national health sector policies, strategies, and plans across 10 different areas of health equity to understand, from one perspective, how equity is being addressed in the region. It finds significant variation in the substance and structure of how the health plans handle the issue. Nearly all coun…
Planificación para la equidad en la salud en la Región de las Américas
Cada vez más se reconoce que las mejoras en la salud y el bienestar no se han registrado por igual en las poblaciones de la Región de las Américas. En este artículo se analizan 32 políticas, estrategias y planes nacionales del sector de la salud en diez áreas diferentes de la equidad en la salud para comprender, desde una perspectiva, cómo se está abordando el tema de la equidad en la Región. Se encontraron variaciones significativas en la sustan…
Drivers of health policy adoption
Why do some countries rapidly adopt policies suggested by scientific consensus while others are slow to do so? Through a mixed methods study, we show that the institutional political economy of countries is a stronger and more robust predictor of health policy adoption than either disease burden or national wealth. Our findings challenge expectations in scholarship and among many international actors that policy divergence is best addressed throu…
Equalizing the response to Aids and other pandemics
The Global AIDS response is in danger. Colliding HIV and COVID-19 pandemics, war, and economic and humanitarian crises have knocked the AIDS response off course and deepened some of the key inequalities driving the pandemic. New HIV infections are rising in Latin America, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. New infections are now increasing in Asia, where they had been falling, and while still declining in Eastern a…
Income inequality and pandemics
OBJECTIVES: Assess the relationship between income inequality and HIV incidence, AIDS mortality and COVID-19 mortality. DESIGN: Multicountry observational study. SETTING: 217 countries for HIV/AIDS analysis, 151 countries for COVID-19 analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Used three samples of national-level data: a sample of all countries with available data (global sample), a subsample of African countries (African sample) and a subsample excluding African c…
The health inequity and socioeconomic inequality faced by adolescent girls and women on the move living with or at high risk of HIV infection, during the Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria
BACKGROUND: We assessed if women and girls on the move living with or at high risk of HIV faced increased health inequity and socioeconomic inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with other vulnerable women and girls. METHODS: We used data collected through a survey conducted in Nigeria between June and October 2021. Women and girls living with or at risk of HIV were recruited voluntarily, using a combination of venue-based and snowba…
Vaccine politics
International mechanisms failed to achieve equitable distribution of COVID‐19 vaccines—prolonging and deepening the pandemic. To understand why, we conduct process tracing of the first year of international policymaking on vaccine equity. We find that, in the absence of a single venue for global negotiation, two competing law and policy paradigms emerged. One focused on demand and voluntary action by states and firms, while the alternative focuse…
Laws for health and care worker protection and rights
The unprecedented and multi-faceted challenges health and care workers faced during the COVID-19 pandemic inspired the world’s health ministers to call for a new Global Health and Care Worker Compact at the 74 th World Health Assembly in 2021. The Care Compact identifies key areas where governments can use law and policy to prevent harm, provide support, ensure inclusivity, and safeguard rights of health and care workers toward improving populati…
Facilitators and barriers to community-led monitoring of health programs
Achieving the global HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria targets will require innovative strategies to deliver high quality and person-centered health services. Community-led monitoring (CLM) is a rapidly proliferating health systems strengthening intervention for improving healthcare services and documenting human rights violations, through social empowerment and political accountability. Driven in part by increasing financial support from donors, a …
Intersectional forces of urban inequality and the global HIV pandemic
To determine how the intersection of increased urban growth and poverty has impacted HIV incidence and prevalence, given growing HIV inequalities globally. Retrospective analysis using combined data from five publicly available, population-level datasets to determine city- and within-urban countrywide estimates of 95-95-95 treatment targets, prevalence and incidence rates from 2015 to 2019. For city-level estimates, we analysed combined data from…
Law and power in pandemic negotiations
COVID-19 vaccine distribution was marked by deeply unequal access for Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This article analyzes negotiations between government and pharmaceutical companies, through the case of South Africa, to better understand the mechanisms through which the international order produced this inequality. A process we label policymaking via contract undermined state power during the pandemic. Using a unique archive of unredacted con…
Political science (15 obras) · Medicine (14 obras) · Economics (10 obras) · Law (9 obras) · Economic growth (8 obras) · Health care (8 obras) · Pandemic (7 obras) · Politics (7 obras) · Business (6 obras) · Disease (6 obras)