Olivia Maynard
Biographic Data
| ID | 4413516 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Olivia Maynard |
| GIVEN NAMES | Olivia |
| FAMILY NAME | Maynard |
| SIGNATURE | MAYNARD O |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Bristol |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9048-6627 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 22 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
A qualitative investigation of women’s experiences of drug use at university and needs within university drug harm reduction services
Aims Women’s unique drug use patterns, motivations, and consequences translate to unique needs within drug-use services. The prevalence of drug use among UK university students has prompted the implementation of harm reduction services in some universities. However, failing to consider women’s needs may limit these services. This qualitative study sought to address the absence of research surrounding women’s drug use at university to enable unive…
Zombie drugs
Our study is the first to show that dehumanising 'zombie' framing frequently used in news reporting is associated with higher public stigma towards people who use drugs. News media is an important source of public education on drugs, so to avoid reinforcing stigma the use of dehumanising language and framing, such as 'zombie' metaphors, should be avoided. Organisations working to reduce stigma towards people who use drugs should encourage news ou…
“They’re doing it anyway, let’s have a conversation about it”
Drug (including alcohol) use among UK university students is estimated to be widespread and associated with adverse social, physical and mental health consequences. Drug Education Programmes (DEPs) may reduce drug-related harm although there is a sparsity of literature exploring their use in higher education settings; a gap our research aimed to fill. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 university students and four individ…
Making sense of drug use and dependence—A scoping review of mass media interventions intended to reduce stigma towards people who use drugs
We found inconsistencies in approaches to reduce and measure stigma, potentially reflecting different motivations for intervention development. The primary motivation of many interventions was seemingly to promote drug service engagement and recovery
Correlates of meat reduction in those taking part in Veganuary
Should I Stay or Should I Go? A Qualitative Exploration of Stigma and Other Factors Influencing Opioid Agonist Treatment Journeys
(1) The harm-reduction benefits of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) are well-established; however, the UK government's emphasis on "recovery" may be contributing to a high proportion of people leaving treatment and low retention rates. We wanted to develop a rich and nuanced understanding of the factors that might influence the treatment journeys of people who use OAT. (2) We explored factors at each level of the socioecological system and consider…
How does the phrasing of house edge information affect gamblers’ perceptions and level of understanding? A Registered Report
The provision of information to consumers is a common input to tackling various public health issues. By comparison to the information given on food and alcohol products, information on gambling products is either not given at all, or shown in low-prominence locations in a suboptimal format, e.g. the ‘return-to-player’ format, ‘this game has an average percentage payout of 90%’. Some previous research suggests that it would be advantageous to com…
Effects of media representations of drug related deaths on public stigma and support for harm reduction
Drug related deaths (DRD) are at historically high levels in the United Kingdom (UK), but some approaches that have the potential to reduce risk of mortality remain controversial. Public support makes an important contribution to drug policy development but there are high levels of public stigma towards people who use drugs (PWUD), and this is partly shaped by media representations. We investigated whether depiction of the characteristics of dece…
How are milk substitutes labelled in the UK? Should the term ‘milk’ be added to milk substitute labelling
Existing regulation in the UK states that the term ‘milk’ can only be used in labelling to describe products that originate from animals. We conducted an observational study, which surveyed the availability and labelling of milk substitutes in UK supermarkets, and an online experimental study, which assessed the impact of using the term ‘milk’ on milk substitute labelling. In the experimental study, 352 UK adults were randomised to one of the two…
Promoting sustainable diets using eco-labelling and social nudges
This randomised online experiment aimed to investigate how eco-labelling and social nudging influenced sustainable food choice, as well as consider the effect of motivation to act sustainably. Participants were UK adults ≥18 years ( n = 1399). Participants were asked to choose a hypothetical meal (beef, chicken or vegetarian burrito) and were randomly allocated to one of three conditions varying in labelling: eco-labelling; social nudge or contro…
Straight-sided beer and cider glasses to reduce alcohol sales for on-site consumption
BACKGROUND: Straight-sided glasses can slow the rate of lager consumption in a laboratory setting compared with curved glasses. Slower drinking rates may lower overall alcohol consumption. Glass shape is therefore a potential target for intervention. The aim of this randomised crossover trial was to estimate the impact of serving draught beer and cider in straight-sided glasses, compared with usual, predominantly curved glasses, on alcohol sales …
The impact on selection of non-alcoholic vs alcoholic drink availability
Greater availability of non-alcoholic drinks, compared to alcoholic drinks, increased their online selection, an effect that may be larger when changing their relative availability, i.e., increasing the proportion of non-alcoholic drinks. Naturalistic studies are needed to determine the impact of availability interventions on reducing alcohol purchasing and consumption
Young people's use of e-cigarettes in Wales, England and Scotland before and after introduction of EU Tobacco Products Directive regulations
This study provides preliminary evidence that young people's e-cigarette experimentation may be plateauing in UK nations. The extent to which this arises from regulatory changes, or due to a fad having begun to lose its appeal among young people in the UK countries, remains unclear. These trends contrast to those observed in North America, where newer products whose EU market entry and marketing have been impacted by TPD, have gained traction amo…
A qualitative study of e-cigarette emergence and the potential for renormalisation of smoking in UK youth
The extent to which participants differentiated between vaping and smoking, including styles and reasons for use in adults and young people; absence of marketing awareness; and continued strong disapproval of smoking provides limited support for some of the potential mechanisms through which e-cigarettes may renormalise smoking. However caution over nicotine exposure is still necessary
Have e-cigarettes renormalised or displaced youth smoking? Results of a segmented regression analysis of repeated cross sectional survey data in England, Scotland and Wales
Research registry number: researchregistry4336
Causal Language in Health Warning Labels and US Adults’ Perception
Objectives. To examine US adults’ reactions to health warnings with strong versus weak causal language. Methods. In 2018, we randomly assigned 1360 US adults to answer an online survey about health warnings for cigarettes, sugar-sweetened beverages, or alcohol. Participants rated 4 warning statements using different causal language variants (“causes,” “contributes to,” “can contribute to,” and “may contribute to”) displayed in random arrangement.…
Severity and susceptibility
Our findings support previous evidence that pictorial HWLs are rated as more effective and believable than text-only warnings, and provide some support for the use of severe or 'grotesque' HWLs on tobacco products. Our data also suggest that HWLs should aim to increase perceived susceptibility to disease, as this was positively related to perceived message effectiveness and believability
Alcohol pictorial health warning labels
These findings call into question the validity of the self-affirmation manipulation, which is purported to reduce defensive reactions to threatening warnings. We discuss possible explanations for this null effect, including the impact of participants' low perceived susceptibility to the risks shown on these pictorial health warning labels. Our finding that highly-severe health warnings increase avoidance and reactance but are also perceived as be…
Nudging transparent behavioural science and policy
There are inherent differences in the priorities of academics and policy-makers. These pose unique challenges for teams such as the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT), which has positioned itself as an organisation conducting academically rigorous behavioural science research in policy settings. Here we outline the threats to research transparency and reproducibility that stem from working with policy-makers and other non-academic stakeholders. Thes…
Effects of first exposure to plain cigarette packaging on smoking behaviour and attitudes
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52982308. Registered 27 June 2013
Mindful eating
Expected satiety influences actual satiety
Promoting sustainable diets using eco-labelling and social nudges
This randomised online experiment aimed to investigate how eco-labelling and social nudging influenced sustainable food choice, as well as consider the effect of motivation to act sustainably. Participants were UK adults ≥18 years ( n = 1399). Participants were asked to choose a hypothetical meal (beef, chicken or vegetarian burrito) and were randomly allocated to one of three conditions varying in labelling: eco-labelling; social nudge or contro…
Causal Language in Health Warning Labels and US Adults’ Perception
Objectives. To examine US adults’ reactions to health warnings with strong versus weak causal language. Methods. In 2018, we randomly assigned 1360 US adults to answer an online survey about health warnings for cigarettes, sugar-sweetened beverages, or alcohol. Participants rated 4 warning statements using different causal language variants (“causes,” “contributes to,” “can contribute to,” and “may contribute to”) displayed in random arrangement.…
Nudging transparent behavioural science and policy
There are inherent differences in the priorities of academics and policy-makers. These pose unique challenges for teams such as the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT), which has positioned itself as an organisation conducting academically rigorous behavioural science research in policy settings. Here we outline the threats to research transparency and reproducibility that stem from working with policy-makers and other non-academic stakeholders. Thes…
Expected satiety influences actual satiety
Expected satiety influences actual satiety
Mindful eating
Effects of first exposure to plain cigarette packaging on smoking behaviour and attitudes
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52982308. Registered 27 June 2013
Severity and susceptibility
Our findings support previous evidence that pictorial HWLs are rated as more effective and believable than text-only warnings, and provide some support for the use of severe or 'grotesque' HWLs on tobacco products. Our data also suggest that HWLs should aim to increase perceived susceptibility to disease, as this was positively related to perceived message effectiveness and believability
Alcohol pictorial health warning labels
These findings call into question the validity of the self-affirmation manipulation, which is purported to reduce defensive reactions to threatening warnings. We discuss possible explanations for this null effect, including the impact of participants' low perceived susceptibility to the risks shown on these pictorial health warning labels. Our finding that highly-severe health warnings increase avoidance and reactance but are also perceived as be…
Nudging transparent behavioural science and policy
There are inherent differences in the priorities of academics and policy-makers. These pose unique challenges for teams such as the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT), which has positioned itself as an organisation conducting academically rigorous behavioural science research in policy settings. Here we outline the threats to research transparency and reproducibility that stem from working with policy-makers and other non-academic stakeholders. Thes…
Have e-cigarettes renormalised or displaced youth smoking? Results of a segmented regression analysis of repeated cross sectional survey data in England, Scotland and Wales
Research registry number: researchregistry4336
Causal Language in Health Warning Labels and US Adults’ Perception
Objectives. To examine US adults’ reactions to health warnings with strong versus weak causal language. Methods. In 2018, we randomly assigned 1360 US adults to answer an online survey about health warnings for cigarettes, sugar-sweetened beverages, or alcohol. Participants rated 4 warning statements using different causal language variants (“causes,” “contributes to,” “can contribute to,” and “may contribute to”) displayed in random arrangement.…
The impact on selection of non-alcoholic vs alcoholic drink availability
Greater availability of non-alcoholic drinks, compared to alcoholic drinks, increased their online selection, an effect that may be larger when changing their relative availability, i.e., increasing the proportion of non-alcoholic drinks. Naturalistic studies are needed to determine the impact of availability interventions on reducing alcohol purchasing and consumption
Young people's use of e-cigarettes in Wales, England and Scotland before and after introduction of EU Tobacco Products Directive regulations
This study provides preliminary evidence that young people's e-cigarette experimentation may be plateauing in UK nations. The extent to which this arises from regulatory changes, or due to a fad having begun to lose its appeal among young people in the UK countries, remains unclear. These trends contrast to those observed in North America, where newer products whose EU market entry and marketing have been impacted by TPD, have gained traction amo…
A qualitative study of e-cigarette emergence and the potential for renormalisation of smoking in UK youth
The extent to which participants differentiated between vaping and smoking, including styles and reasons for use in adults and young people; absence of marketing awareness; and continued strong disapproval of smoking provides limited support for some of the potential mechanisms through which e-cigarettes may renormalise smoking. However caution over nicotine exposure is still necessary
Straight-sided beer and cider glasses to reduce alcohol sales for on-site consumption
BACKGROUND: Straight-sided glasses can slow the rate of lager consumption in a laboratory setting compared with curved glasses. Slower drinking rates may lower overall alcohol consumption. Glass shape is therefore a potential target for intervention. The aim of this randomised crossover trial was to estimate the impact of serving draught beer and cider in straight-sided glasses, compared with usual, predominantly curved glasses, on alcohol sales …
Promoting sustainable diets using eco-labelling and social nudges
This randomised online experiment aimed to investigate how eco-labelling and social nudging influenced sustainable food choice, as well as consider the effect of motivation to act sustainably. Participants were UK adults ≥18 years ( n = 1399). Participants were asked to choose a hypothetical meal (beef, chicken or vegetarian burrito) and were randomly allocated to one of three conditions varying in labelling: eco-labelling; social nudge or contro…
Should I Stay or Should I Go? A Qualitative Exploration of Stigma and Other Factors Influencing Opioid Agonist Treatment Journeys
(1) The harm-reduction benefits of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) are well-established; however, the UK government's emphasis on "recovery" may be contributing to a high proportion of people leaving treatment and low retention rates. We wanted to develop a rich and nuanced understanding of the factors that might influence the treatment journeys of people who use OAT. (2) We explored factors at each level of the socioecological system and consider…
How does the phrasing of house edge information affect gamblers’ perceptions and level of understanding? A Registered Report
The provision of information to consumers is a common input to tackling various public health issues. By comparison to the information given on food and alcohol products, information on gambling products is either not given at all, or shown in low-prominence locations in a suboptimal format, e.g. the ‘return-to-player’ format, ‘this game has an average percentage payout of 90%’. Some previous research suggests that it would be advantageous to com…
Effects of media representations of drug related deaths on public stigma and support for harm reduction
Drug related deaths (DRD) are at historically high levels in the United Kingdom (UK), but some approaches that have the potential to reduce risk of mortality remain controversial. Public support makes an important contribution to drug policy development but there are high levels of public stigma towards people who use drugs (PWUD), and this is partly shaped by media representations. We investigated whether depiction of the characteristics of dece…
How are milk substitutes labelled in the UK? Should the term ‘milk’ be added to milk substitute labelling
Existing regulation in the UK states that the term ‘milk’ can only be used in labelling to describe products that originate from animals. We conducted an observational study, which surveyed the availability and labelling of milk substitutes in UK supermarkets, and an online experimental study, which assessed the impact of using the term ‘milk’ on milk substitute labelling. In the experimental study, 352 UK adults were randomised to one of the two…
“They’re doing it anyway, let’s have a conversation about it”
Drug (including alcohol) use among UK university students is estimated to be widespread and associated with adverse social, physical and mental health consequences. Drug Education Programmes (DEPs) may reduce drug-related harm although there is a sparsity of literature exploring their use in higher education settings; a gap our research aimed to fill. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 university students and four individ…
Making sense of drug use and dependence—A scoping review of mass media interventions intended to reduce stigma towards people who use drugs
We found inconsistencies in approaches to reduce and measure stigma, potentially reflecting different motivations for intervention development. The primary motivation of many interventions was seemingly to promote drug service engagement and recovery
Correlates of meat reduction in those taking part in Veganuary
A qualitative investigation of women’s experiences of drug use at university and needs within university drug harm reduction services
Aims Women’s unique drug use patterns, motivations, and consequences translate to unique needs within drug-use services. The prevalence of drug use among UK university students has prompted the implementation of harm reduction services in some universities. However, failing to consider women’s needs may limit these services. This qualitative study sought to address the absence of research surrounding women’s drug use at university to enable unive…
Zombie drugs
Our study is the first to show that dehumanising 'zombie' framing frequently used in news reporting is associated with higher public stigma towards people who use drugs. News media is an important source of public education on drugs, so to avoid reinforcing stigma the use of dehumanising language and framing, such as 'zombie' metaphors, should be avoided. Organisations working to reduce stigma towards people who use drugs should encourage news ou…
Psychology (17 works) · Medicine (15 works) · Public health (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (7 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (6 works) · Environmental health (6 works) · Psychiatry (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Sociology (6 works)