Marietta Haffner
Biographic Data
| ID | 4417702 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Marietta Haffner |
| GIVEN NAMES | Marietta |
| FAMILY NAME | Haffner |
| SIGNATURE | HAFFNER M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Delft University of Technology |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5001-2056 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 131 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Unequal rewards to decarbonisation: A diff-in-diffs approach to measuring housing costs across tenures
The large-scale transformation of the housing stock towards net-zero energy has already mobilised substantial public and private investment and is set to accelerate in the coming decades. While many studies examine the effects of decarbonisation on rents and prices, less is known about cost-reducing benefits for households, how these gains are distributed across tenures and whether they ultimately improve affordability. These distributional quest…
The Politics of Changes in Housing Supply and Tenure: Illustrations from Australia and the Netherlands
Almost regardless of the welfare system and market context, the changing housing landscapes in Western countries show a number of similar trends. Households are confronted with decreasing access to homeownership and social renting, and increased reliance on private renting in combination with growing housing shortages and housing affordability problems. This article reflects—from the perspectives of governance and politics—on recent housing tenur…
When land is not enough: Drawing in private investment to increase social rental housing in Spain
Compact Housing for Incremental Growth: The K206 RDP Project in Alexandra, Johannesburg
The South African Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) was initiated to provide subsidised housing for low-income families. However, the programme faced challenges in establishing adequate technical guidelines and standards, resulting in subpar housing quality. This article discusses the multifaceted nature of subsidised housing design, emphasising the importance of incorporating technical housing standards as well as the spatial needs …
Subsidies or green taxes? Evaluating the distributional effects of housing renovation policies among Dutch households
Despite persistent housing affordability issues, energy policy and housing renovation are usually investigated separately from housing costs other than energy. Researchers have examined the financial viability of renovation attending to building conditions and the socio-economic characteristics of their occupants. However, the distributional impacts of renovation incentives and the potential of fiscal policy to redistribute housing costs remain u…
Housing wealth and aged care: Asset-based welfare in practice in three OECD countries
The transition of the baby boomer bulge into old age and their increasing longevity will lift the numbers of elderly in residential aged care. Population ageing and associated fiscal pressures have motivated governments to shift responsibility for the financing of aged care to the individual. We consider policies that include owner-occupiers’ housing wealth and imputed rental incomes in means tests that determine co-contribution charges for resid…
Embracing market and civic actor participation in public rental housing governance: New insights about power distribution
In recent decades, government intervention in welfare states has witnessed a shift from ‘government’ to ‘governance’: policy making shifted from hierarchical government steering to mixed forms involving government, market and civic actors. Such terminology has also entered Chinese policy language on public rental housing (PRH) provision. To unravel the perceived power distribution in the relationships between the involved actors, this article dra…
Effective Public Rental Housing governance: Tenants’ perspective from the pilot city Chongqing, China
In the past decade, Public Rental Housing (PRH) has become the program of providing affordable rental housing to low- and middle-income households in China. Even though descriptions of the governance results are numerous, the previous studies are not underpinned by a theoretical foundation from a governance perspective, nor have they empirically examined whether PRH governance works on the ground. This explorative and empirical paper aims to fill…
How to redesign a rent rebate system? Experience in the Netherlands
In 2006, responsibility for implementing the Dutch housing allowance system was transferred from the Ministry of Housing to the Tax Authority. It has since been renamed, and is now known as the ‘rent rebate system’. A number of dilemmas have become evident since the 2006 changes. Attention has shifted to how to implement the system effectively: how to limit the overconsumption of housing services, how to avoid moral hazard, how to reduce outright…
Housing Equity Withdrawal: Perceptions of Obstacles among Older Australian Home Owners and associated Service Providers
Housing wealth dominates the asset portfolios of the older population in Australia and many other countries. Given the anticipated spike in fiscal costs associated with population ageing, there is growing policy interest in housing equity withdrawal (HEW) to finance living needs in retirement. This paper sheds light on homeowners' perceptions of the obstacles associated with two forms of HEW: mortgage equity withdrawal (where thein situhome owner…
Aides et financements de projets de logements (Subsidies and finance of housing projects)
Subsidies and Finance of Housing Projects is a French book on housing finance and subsidization in France. The book, which stems from a professional course at the Reseau Immobilier, Construction, H
Housing Equity Withdrawal in Australia: Prevalence, Patterns and Motivations in Mid-to-late Life
In an era of population ageing, the primary home is increasingly viewed as a personal resource that can perform a pension role in retirement. This article assesses the extent to which Australians aged 45 years and over withdraw housing equity through in situ mortgage equity withdrawal (MEW), downsizing and selling up. We find that the incidence of housing equity withdrawal has increased over the last decade despite a global financial crisis. MEW …
Bridging the Gap between Housing Stress and Financial Stress: The Case of Australia
In recent decades, housing affordability has been increasingly linked to household financial outcomes where high housing costs relative to income are perceived to negatively affect financial well-being. However, the traditional measure of housing affordability in Australia is housing stress, which is subject to widespread criticism as an inadequate representation of overall financial stress. This methodological paper first determines the extent t…
Housing affordability in the Netherlands: The impact of rent and energy costs
Security and Rental Housing: New Perspectives
A review of housing journals indicates that the level and type of security available to, and experienced by, households living in rented housing is under-theorized and under-researched in contrast
A ratio or budget benchmark for comparing affordability across countries
Competition between social and market renting: A theoretical application of the structure-conduct-performance paradigm
Housing policies in many countries have become more market orientated as the role of governments has shifted from the direct supply and funding of non-market housing towards the role of a regulator and facilitator. Central to this development is the notion that providers of social housing have to become more competitive. Arguably, these social housing changes have important implications for the relationship between social and market rented housin…
The Effect of Housing Expenses and Subsidies on the Income Distribution in Flanders and the Netherlands
This study explores the role of housing expenses and subsidies with respect to income distribution in Flanders (the northern part of Belgium) and the Netherlands in 2005-2006. It analyses income poverty and inequality by comparing equivalent disposable income before and after housing expenses with a relative poverty threshold and the Gini coefficient. Poverty and income inequality increase in both 'countries' when equivalent disposable income is …
User Costs and Housing Expenses. Towards a more Comprehensive Approach to Affordability
Recently housing affordability has reached the agenda in Flanders and the Netherlands, giving a good reason to present a review of the concept of affordability and different definitions. The concept of short-term affordability, which is concerned with financial access to a dwelling and is based on cash flows, is combined with the concept of long-term affordability, which is about the costs of housing consumption. The use of these concepts is illu…
Providing Cheap Land for Social Housing: Breaching the State Aid Regulations of the Single European Market
Tasan-Kok T., Groetelaers D. A., Haffner M. E. A., van der Heijden H. M. H. and Korthals Altes W. K. Providing cheap land for social housing: breaching the state aid regulations of the single European Market?, Regional Studies. European Union member states are not permitted to provide aid that will distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods which may then undermine trading in the European market. This…
Competition and Social Rented Housing
This paper aims to make a contribution to the debate about the meaning of competition as applied to social housing and the usefulness of a competitive paradigm as a comparative analytical tool. Social housing providers have been asked to become more competitive and more market orientated in Europe. But what exactly do these terms mean and what are the defining features of competitiveness? And how can concepts of competition be applied to social h…
The Affordability of Housing in the Netherlands: An Increasing Income Gap Between Renting and Owning
Housing became more expensive in the Netherlands between 2002 and 2006, a trend which has been demonstrated using various measures of affordability. The expenditure-to-income ratios calculated for households confirm that the average cost of housing rose for tenants and homeowners, as well as for most income groups generally. This contribution analyses the development of various components of household expenditure which contributed to these higher…
Housing Market Challenges in Europe and the United States
Performance assessment of housing associations
This article analyzes the function, design, and effects of a method to assess the performance of housing associations in the Netherlands. First, the roles of performance assessment are discussed from three perspectives: the association as an agent for the central government; the association as a facilitator of local stakeholders’ needs; and the association as an autonomous social entrepreneur. From each of these stereotypical perspectives, we der…
Deadlocks and breakthroughs in urban renewal: A network analysis in Amsterdam
Urban renewal in the Netherlands has become a matter of ‘networking’. Housing associations, Dutch social landlords, became financially independent in the 1990s and have a responsibility in urban renewal. It is a joint responsibility in which local authority, social landlord and tenants are dependent on each other. This situation is rather new and needs some getting used to, as the two case studies show. The paper concludes that taking account of …
User Costs and Housing Expenses. Towards a more Comprehensive Approach to Affordability
Recently housing affordability has reached the agenda in Flanders and the Netherlands, giving a good reason to present a review of the concept of affordability and different definitions. The concept of short-term affordability, which is concerned with financial access to a dwelling and is based on cash flows, is combined with the concept of long-term affordability, which is about the costs of housing consumption. The use of these concepts is illu…
Savings for Old Age? Housing Wealth of the Dutch Elderly
A combination of the demographic trend of an ageing population and the increase in wealth in owner‐occupied dwellings over the last decade raises a new research question in the Netherlands. How do the Dutch elderly spend their housing wealth and what can be predicted about their future behaviour? They may use their housing equity to provide an income in old age, or they may pass on their housing wealth to descendants. By compiling evidence availa…
Bridging the Gap between Housing Stress and Financial Stress: The Case of Australia
In recent decades, housing affordability has been increasingly linked to household financial outcomes where high housing costs relative to income are perceived to negatively affect financial well-being. However, the traditional measure of housing affordability in Australia is housing stress, which is subject to widespread criticism as an inadequate representation of overall financial stress. This methodological paper first determines the extent t…
Housing affordability in the Netherlands: The impact of rent and energy costs
A ratio or budget benchmark for comparing affordability across countries
Dutch Personal Income Tax Reform 2001: An Exceptional Position for Owner-occupied Housing
This paper examines how personal income taxation has changed across countries and whether and how this has affected the taxation of owner-occupied dwellings. It presents a partial analysis as it focuses on imputed rent taxation and the mortgage interest deduction. Furthermore, the paper places housing taxation in a wider context by describing different benchmarks which could be used to assess the taxation of owner-occupied housing in different ty…
Housing Equity Withdrawal: Perceptions of Obstacles among Older Australian Home Owners and associated Service Providers
Housing wealth dominates the asset portfolios of the older population in Australia and many other countries. Given the anticipated spike in fiscal costs associated with population ageing, there is growing policy interest in housing equity withdrawal (HEW) to finance living needs in retirement. This paper sheds light on homeowners' perceptions of the obstacles associated with two forms of HEW: mortgage equity withdrawal (where thein situhome owner…
Housing Subsidies: Definitions and Comparisons
In this paper the meaning of the term 'housing subsidy' is reviewed and the theoretical and practical problems of measuring the value of housing subsidies and making comparisonsbetween countries is demonstrated.The definitions of both 'subsidy' and 'housing subsidy' are questioned. The paper shows that what is and is not a housing subsidy is often ill defined. More rigorous analysis, it is argued, requires the use of 'benchmarks' against which th…
Housing Equity Withdrawal in Australia: Prevalence, Patterns and Motivations in Mid-to-late Life
In an era of population ageing, the primary home is increasingly viewed as a personal resource that can perform a pension role in retirement. This article assesses the extent to which Australians aged 45 years and over withdraw housing equity through in situ mortgage equity withdrawal (MEW), downsizing and selling up. We find that the incidence of housing equity withdrawal has increased over the last decade despite a global financial crisis. MEW …
Security and Rental Housing: New Perspectives
A review of housing journals indicates that the level and type of security available to, and experienced by, households living in rented housing is under-theorized and under-researched in contrast
The Effect of Housing Expenses and Subsidies on the Income Distribution in Flanders and the Netherlands
This study explores the role of housing expenses and subsidies with respect to income distribution in Flanders (the northern part of Belgium) and the Netherlands in 2005-2006. It analyses income poverty and inequality by comparing equivalent disposable income before and after housing expenses with a relative poverty threshold and the Gini coefficient. Poverty and income inequality increase in both 'countries' when equivalent disposable income is …
Providing Cheap Land for Social Housing: Breaching the State Aid Regulations of the Single European Market
Tasan-Kok T., Groetelaers D. A., Haffner M. E. A., van der Heijden H. M. H. and Korthals Altes W. K. Providing cheap land for social housing: breaching the state aid regulations of the single European Market?, Regional Studies. European Union member states are not permitted to provide aid that will distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods which may then undermine trading in the European market. This…
Tenure Neutrality, a Financial-Economic Interpretation
This contribution evaluates ways to compare financially renting and owning in order to measure tenure neutrality. Tenure neutrality is defined as the situation in which the consumer is financially indifferent between owning and renting a dwelling. This paper discusses the possibilities of defining tenure neutrality via government spending on housing, household housing cash flows and household housing costs. The Dutch situation delivers the numeri…
Housing expenditure and housing policy in the West European rental sector
Housing wealth and aged care: Asset-based welfare in practice in three OECD countries
The transition of the baby boomer bulge into old age and their increasing longevity will lift the numbers of elderly in residential aged care. Population ageing and associated fiscal pressures have motivated governments to shift responsibility for the financing of aged care to the individual. We consider policies that include owner-occupiers’ housing wealth and imputed rental incomes in means tests that determine co-contribution charges for resid…
The Affordability of Housing in the Netherlands: An Increasing Income Gap Between Renting and Owning
Housing became more expensive in the Netherlands between 2002 and 2006, a trend which has been demonstrated using various measures of affordability. The expenditure-to-income ratios calculated for households confirm that the average cost of housing rose for tenants and homeowners, as well as for most income groups generally. This contribution analyses the development of various components of household expenditure which contributed to these higher…
Housing Allowances in Comparative Perspective
Housing allowances in context ~ Peter A. Kemp Housing allowances and the restructuring of the Australian welfare state ~ Kath Hulse The New Zealand experience of housing allowances ~ David Thorns Canadian housing allowances ~ Marion Steele Housing allowances American style: the Housing Choice Voucher Programme ~ Sandra J. Newman Housing allowances in Britain: a troubled history and uncertain future ~ Peter A. Kemp Housing allowances in France ~ M…
Housing Allowances and Economic Efficiency
Housing allowances aim to make rental housing affordable for the recipients. Whether affordability for tenants is achieved in an economically efficient way is the question that is discussed in this essay. Three aspects of efficiency are focused on: disincentives to work, over-consumption of housing and horizontal inefficiency. These topics are tackled through a discussion that focuses mainly on the principles, but also on some of the outcomes, of…
When land is not enough: Drawing in private investment to increase social rental housing in Spain
Subsidies or green taxes? Evaluating the distributional effects of housing renovation policies among Dutch households
Despite persistent housing affordability issues, energy policy and housing renovation are usually investigated separately from housing costs other than energy. Researchers have examined the financial viability of renovation attending to building conditions and the socio-economic characteristics of their occupants. However, the distributional impacts of renovation incentives and the potential of fiscal policy to redistribute housing costs remain u…
How to redesign a rent rebate system? Experience in the Netherlands
In 2006, responsibility for implementing the Dutch housing allowance system was transferred from the Ministry of Housing to the Tax Authority. It has since been renamed, and is now known as the ‘rent rebate system’. A number of dilemmas have become evident since the 2006 changes. Attention has shifted to how to implement the system effectively: how to limit the overconsumption of housing services, how to avoid moral hazard, how to reduce outright…
Competition between social and market renting: A theoretical application of the structure-conduct-performance paradigm
Housing policies in many countries have become more market orientated as the role of governments has shifted from the direct supply and funding of non-market housing towards the role of a regulator and facilitator. Central to this development is the notion that providers of social housing have to become more competitive. Arguably, these social housing changes have important implications for the relationship between social and market rented housin…
Competition and Social Rented Housing
This paper aims to make a contribution to the debate about the meaning of competition as applied to social housing and the usefulness of a competitive paradigm as a comparative analytical tool. Social housing providers have been asked to become more competitive and more market orientated in Europe. But what exactly do these terms mean and what are the defining features of competitiveness? And how can concepts of competition be applied to social h…
Deadlocks and breakthroughs in urban renewal: A network analysis in Amsterdam
Urban renewal in the Netherlands has become a matter of ‘networking’. Housing associations, Dutch social landlords, became financially independent in the 1990s and have a responsibility in urban renewal. It is a joint responsibility in which local authority, social landlord and tenants are dependent on each other. This situation is rather new and needs some getting used to, as the two case studies show. The paper concludes that taking account of …
Embracing market and civic actor participation in public rental housing governance: New insights about power distribution
In recent decades, government intervention in welfare states has witnessed a shift from ‘government’ to ‘governance’: policy making shifted from hierarchical government steering to mixed forms involving government, market and civic actors. Such terminology has also entered Chinese policy language on public rental housing (PRH) provision. To unravel the perceived power distribution in the relationships between the involved actors, this article dra…
Effects of financial policy on housing expenses for owner occupiers of newly‐built dwellings: A comparison of six countries in North‐Western Europe
In this paper the impact of taxation and arrangements for owner occupiers on household finance expenses are compared. The countries included are the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, France, the UK and (West) Germany. To achieve this comparison, taxation, subsidies and prevalent financing possibilities for owner occupiers are discussed. The comparison is made on a micro‐level: four representative fictitious owner occupiers in each country are taken …
Housing Subsidies: Definitions and Comparisons
In this paper the meaning of the term 'housing subsidy' is reviewed and the theoretical and practical problems of measuring the value of housing subsidies and making comparisonsbetween countries is demonstrated.The definitions of both 'subsidy' and 'housing subsidy' are questioned. The paper shows that what is and is not a housing subsidy is often ill defined. More rigorous analysis, it is argued, requires the use of 'benchmarks' against which th…
Putting comparative housing research into practice
Housing expenditure and housing policy in the West European rental sector
Costs and fiscal subsidies in owner occupation: Method and outcomes
Dutch Personal Income Tax Reform 2001: An Exceptional Position for Owner-occupied Housing
This paper examines how personal income taxation has changed across countries and whether and how this has affected the taxation of owner-occupied dwellings. It presents a partial analysis as it focuses on imputed rent taxation and the mortgage interest deduction. Furthermore, the paper places housing taxation in a wider context by describing different benchmarks which could be used to assess the taxation of owner-occupied housing in different ty…
Tenure Neutrality, a Financial-Economic Interpretation
This contribution evaluates ways to compare financially renting and owning in order to measure tenure neutrality. Tenure neutrality is defined as the situation in which the consumer is financially indifferent between owning and renting a dwelling. This paper discusses the possibilities of defining tenure neutrality via government spending on housing, household housing cash flows and household housing costs. The Dutch situation delivers the numeri…
House prices and income tax in the Netherlands: An international perspective
A sharp drop in prices on the home owner market is not only hard to predict but also the reason why many politicians would prefer to implement any tax changes gradually, if at all. Against this backdrop, the present study explores the relationship between a change in the personal income tax treatment of home ownership and a change in house prices. First, based on a literature study, it identifies the factors in the development of house prices. Th…
Housing Allocation and Freedom of Movement: A European Comparison
The allocation of social rental dwellings has been the subject of a fair amount of research recently, certainly in Britain and the Netherlands (Smith et al. 1997; Fitzpatrick & Stephens 1999; Cowan 2001; Pawson & Kintrea 2002). Within this literature, the introduction of the so-called Delft model has received attention (see Kullberg 1997, 2002; Van Kempen & Idamir 2003). This model was first introduced in 1990 in the Dutch city of Delft. Since th…
Housing Allowances and Economic Efficiency
Housing allowances aim to make rental housing affordable for the recipients. Whether affordability for tenants is achieved in an economically efficient way is the question that is discussed in this essay. Three aspects of efficiency are focused on: disincentives to work, over-consumption of housing and horizontal inefficiency. These topics are tackled through a discussion that focuses mainly on the principles, but also on some of the outcomes, of…
Subsidization as motor to residential mortgage securitization in the US
Residential mortgage securitization on the secondary mortgage market in the United States has grown enormously since 1970. This contribution describes the growth, especially the growth of the large special circuit housing finance system within the secondary mortgage market. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are at the heart of it. Different housing finance systems are introduced first in order to position the system of securitization. The technicalities…
Housing Allowances in Comparative Perspective
Housing allowances in context ~ Peter A. Kemp Housing allowances and the restructuring of the Australian welfare state ~ Kath Hulse The New Zealand experience of housing allowances ~ David Thorns Canadian housing allowances ~ Marion Steele Housing allowances American style: the Housing Choice Voucher Programme ~ Sandra J. Newman Housing allowances in Britain: a troubled history and uncertain future ~ Peter A. Kemp Housing allowances in France ~ M…
Savings for Old Age? Housing Wealth of the Dutch Elderly
A combination of the demographic trend of an ageing population and the increase in wealth in owner‐occupied dwellings over the last decade raises a new research question in the Netherlands. How do the Dutch elderly spend their housing wealth and what can be predicted about their future behaviour? They may use their housing equity to provide an income in old age, or they may pass on their housing wealth to descendants. By compiling evidence availa…
Performance assessment of housing associations
This article analyzes the function, design, and effects of a method to assess the performance of housing associations in the Netherlands. First, the roles of performance assessment are discussed from three perspectives: the association as an agent for the central government; the association as a facilitator of local stakeholders’ needs; and the association as an autonomous social entrepreneur. From each of these stereotypical perspectives, we der…
Deadlocks and breakthroughs in urban renewal: A network analysis in Amsterdam
Urban renewal in the Netherlands has become a matter of ‘networking’. Housing associations, Dutch social landlords, became financially independent in the 1990s and have a responsibility in urban renewal. It is a joint responsibility in which local authority, social landlord and tenants are dependent on each other. This situation is rather new and needs some getting used to, as the two case studies show. The paper concludes that taking account of …
Competition and Social Rented Housing
This paper aims to make a contribution to the debate about the meaning of competition as applied to social housing and the usefulness of a competitive paradigm as a comparative analytical tool. Social housing providers have been asked to become more competitive and more market orientated in Europe. But what exactly do these terms mean and what are the defining features of competitiveness? And how can concepts of competition be applied to social h…
The Affordability of Housing in the Netherlands: An Increasing Income Gap Between Renting and Owning
Housing became more expensive in the Netherlands between 2002 and 2006, a trend which has been demonstrated using various measures of affordability. The expenditure-to-income ratios calculated for households confirm that the average cost of housing rose for tenants and homeowners, as well as for most income groups generally. This contribution analyses the development of various components of household expenditure which contributed to these higher…
Housing Market Challenges in Europe and the United States
User Costs and Housing Expenses. Towards a more Comprehensive Approach to Affordability
Recently housing affordability has reached the agenda in Flanders and the Netherlands, giving a good reason to present a review of the concept of affordability and different definitions. The concept of short-term affordability, which is concerned with financial access to a dwelling and is based on cash flows, is combined with the concept of long-term affordability, which is about the costs of housing consumption. The use of these concepts is illu…
Providing Cheap Land for Social Housing: Breaching the State Aid Regulations of the Single European Market
Tasan-Kok T., Groetelaers D. A., Haffner M. E. A., van der Heijden H. M. H. and Korthals Altes W. K. Providing cheap land for social housing: breaching the state aid regulations of the single European Market?, Regional Studies. European Union member states are not permitted to provide aid that will distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods which may then undermine trading in the European market. This…
A ratio or budget benchmark for comparing affordability across countries
Competition between social and market renting: A theoretical application of the structure-conduct-performance paradigm
Housing policies in many countries have become more market orientated as the role of governments has shifted from the direct supply and funding of non-market housing towards the role of a regulator and facilitator. Central to this development is the notion that providers of social housing have to become more competitive. Arguably, these social housing changes have important implications for the relationship between social and market rented housin…
The Effect of Housing Expenses and Subsidies on the Income Distribution in Flanders and the Netherlands
This study explores the role of housing expenses and subsidies with respect to income distribution in Flanders (the northern part of Belgium) and the Netherlands in 2005-2006. It analyses income poverty and inequality by comparing equivalent disposable income before and after housing expenses with a relative poverty threshold and the Gini coefficient. Poverty and income inequality increase in both 'countries' when equivalent disposable income is …
Housing affordability in the Netherlands: The impact of rent and energy costs
Security and Rental Housing: New Perspectives
A review of housing journals indicates that the level and type of security available to, and experienced by, households living in rented housing is under-theorized and under-researched in contrast
Economics (34 works) · Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism (31 works) · Business (26 works) · Housing Market and Economics (23 works) · Political science (20 works) · Finance (17 works) · Public economics (17 works) · Renting (11 works) · Economic growth (10 works) · Labour economics (10 works)