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Gareth Stubbs

Biographic Data

ID4431782
NAMEGareth Stubbs
GIVEN NAMESGareth
FAMILY NAMEStubbs
SIGNATURESTUBBS G
AFFILIATIONSRabdan Academy
ORCID0000-0002-7631-2823
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS11
TOTAL CITATIONS4
AUTHOR COUNT11
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2023
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX2
  • Exploring predictive disciplinary exposure in police recruitment

    Open Access•Ian Gibson, Gareth Stubbs•ARTICLE•The Police Journal Theory…•2026

    This exploratory study examines the connection between initial motivations for joining the police, social connections and subsequent misconduct investigation using a random forest machine learning model. Drawing upon a survey of retired officers from the US and the UK ( n = 228), this research assesses how pre-entry motivations and social exposure may influence later exposure to misconduct investigation. For analyses requiring complete cases acro…

  • Social identity, prior exposure, and hiring outcomes in police recruitment

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, Ian Gibson•ARTICLE•International journal of law,…•2026

    Police recruitment is commonly framed as a process of identifying individuals who possess the traits and competencies associated with effective police work. Less attention has been paid to how differential exposure to policing, organisational familiarity, and anticipated identification with the occupation shape progression through recruitment systems. Drawing on data from a large recruitment campaign within an English police constabulary (n = 886…

  • The map and the territory

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs•ARTICLE•Criminology & Criminal Justice•2026

    This study examines how decisions to report crime vary across population groups, testing the hypothesis that individuals possess “windows of surprise” – learned thresholds for institutional engagement – shaped by social, economic, and psychological factors. A cross-sectional online survey (n = 1948) presented participants with crime vignettes of increasing severity. K-means clustering identified three latent reporting profiles, with entropy value…

  • Presocialisation and police misconduct

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, M R Haberfeld et al.•ARTICLE•The Police Journal Theory…•2025

    Police literature in the area of presocialisation for police recruits is sparse, with growing but limited empirical evidence as to its effect upon police performance and conduct. There are studies that measure the influence of police personality within recruitment processes, and subsequent studies that address the potential for misconduct prediction in serving officers, but this has not been developed to a level that justifies widespread operatio…

  • Identity fracture

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, Stephen Tong•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2025•Cited by: 2•References: 14

  • Safety and security in Abu Dhabi

    Open Access•Jacqueline Sebire, Gareth Stubbs et al.•ARTICLE•International journal of law,…•2025•References: 1

  • Positive action paradox in UK police recruitment

    Open Access•Ian Hesketh, Gareth Stubbs•ARTICLE•The Police Journal Theory…•2024

    Police recruitment across the UK is under intense political and social pressure to increase representation and legitimacy. This layered in to a quest to raise the number of police officers in England and Wales by 20,000. However, despite decades of reform initiatives, police recruitment continues to be a challenging and potentially exclusionary process for candidates from ethnic minority backgrounds. Research in this area mainly comprises macro-l…

  • Understanding the nature of social embeddedness in police recruitment in England and Wales

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, Elarbi Ben Ayed Elkaroui et al.•ARTICLE•The Police Journal Theory…•2024

    Recent research in England and Wales indicates that there may be a significant proportion of social embeddedness within policing recruitment. This suggests that there is a significant amount of support sought by potential recruits through their existing social networks. Existing studies have been qualitative and therefore do not assess scale. This study aims to address this research gap by gathering data from a single cohort n = 987 of police rec…

  • A machine learning approach to police recruitment

    Open Access•Ian Gibson, Gareth Stubbs•ARTICLE•The Police Journal Theory…•2024

    Existing research on police recruitment is eclectic, with examples of multiple methodologies in multiple police-related settings. These methods often resemble psychological measurement of individual traits yet neglect the potential recruits’ social resources or network-based influence. More recent research has utilised social identity and social network theory to understand the route to a police candidate’s eventual recruitment, but this is under…

  • The ‘haves and have-nots’ of social support during police recruitment

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, Stephen Tong•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 11

    Current police recruitment research is often focused on disproportionate outcomes based upon identity-based categories such as race, ethnicity, or gender. National government statistics and political discourse support this research agenda, indicating a significant recruitment gap in representation in England and Wales. This gap has resulted in the design and use of 'in-house' positive action initiatives for police recruitment, with little examina…

  • Whenever big changes come, big talks don't” – An examination of the police experience of recruitment and promotion positive action processes

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs•ARTICLE•International journal of law,…•2023•References: 22

  • Identity fracture

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, Stephen Tong•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2025•Cited by: 2•References: 14

  • The ‘haves and have-nots’ of social support during police recruitment

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, Stephen Tong•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 11

    Current police recruitment research is often focused on disproportionate outcomes based upon identity-based categories such as race, ethnicity, or gender. National government statistics and political discourse support this research agenda, indicating a significant recruitment gap in representation in England and Wales. This gap has resulted in the design and use of 'in-house' positive action initiatives for police recruitment, with little examina…

  • Whenever big changes come, big talks don't” – An examination of the police experience of recruitment and promotion positive action processes

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs•ARTICLE•International journal of law,…•2023•References: 22

  • Positive action paradox in UK police recruitment

    Open Access•Ian Hesketh, Gareth Stubbs•ARTICLE•The Police Journal Theory…•2024

    Police recruitment across the UK is under intense political and social pressure to increase representation and legitimacy. This layered in to a quest to raise the number of police officers in England and Wales by 20,000. However, despite decades of reform initiatives, police recruitment continues to be a challenging and potentially exclusionary process for candidates from ethnic minority backgrounds. Research in this area mainly comprises macro-l…

  • Understanding the nature of social embeddedness in police recruitment in England and Wales

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, Elarbi Ben Ayed Elkaroui et al.•ARTICLE•The Police Journal Theory…•2024

    Recent research in England and Wales indicates that there may be a significant proportion of social embeddedness within policing recruitment. This suggests that there is a significant amount of support sought by potential recruits through their existing social networks. Existing studies have been qualitative and therefore do not assess scale. This study aims to address this research gap by gathering data from a single cohort n = 987 of police rec…

  • A machine learning approach to police recruitment

    Open Access•Ian Gibson, Gareth Stubbs•ARTICLE•The Police Journal Theory…•2024

    Existing research on police recruitment is eclectic, with examples of multiple methodologies in multiple police-related settings. These methods often resemble psychological measurement of individual traits yet neglect the potential recruits’ social resources or network-based influence. More recent research has utilised social identity and social network theory to understand the route to a police candidate’s eventual recruitment, but this is under…

  • The ‘haves and have-nots’ of social support during police recruitment

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, Stephen Tong•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 11

    Current police recruitment research is often focused on disproportionate outcomes based upon identity-based categories such as race, ethnicity, or gender. National government statistics and political discourse support this research agenda, indicating a significant recruitment gap in representation in England and Wales. This gap has resulted in the design and use of 'in-house' positive action initiatives for police recruitment, with little examina…

  • Presocialisation and police misconduct

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, M R Haberfeld et al.•ARTICLE•The Police Journal Theory…•2025

    Police literature in the area of presocialisation for police recruits is sparse, with growing but limited empirical evidence as to its effect upon police performance and conduct. There are studies that measure the influence of police personality within recruitment processes, and subsequent studies that address the potential for misconduct prediction in serving officers, but this has not been developed to a level that justifies widespread operatio…

  • Identity fracture

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, Stephen Tong•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2025•Cited by: 2•References: 14

  • Safety and security in Abu Dhabi

    Open Access•Jacqueline Sebire, Gareth Stubbs et al.•ARTICLE•International journal of law,…•2025•References: 1

  • Exploring predictive disciplinary exposure in police recruitment

    Open Access•Ian Gibson, Gareth Stubbs•ARTICLE•The Police Journal Theory…•2026

    This exploratory study examines the connection between initial motivations for joining the police, social connections and subsequent misconduct investigation using a random forest machine learning model. Drawing upon a survey of retired officers from the US and the UK ( n = 228), this research assesses how pre-entry motivations and social exposure may influence later exposure to misconduct investigation. For analyses requiring complete cases acro…

  • Social identity, prior exposure, and hiring outcomes in police recruitment

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs, Ian Gibson•ARTICLE•International journal of law,…•2026

    Police recruitment is commonly framed as a process of identifying individuals who possess the traits and competencies associated with effective police work. Less attention has been paid to how differential exposure to policing, organisational familiarity, and anticipated identification with the occupation shape progression through recruitment systems. Drawing on data from a large recruitment campaign within an English police constabulary (n = 886…

  • The map and the territory

    Open Access•Gareth Stubbs•ARTICLE•Criminology & Criminal Justice•2026

    This study examines how decisions to report crime vary across population groups, testing the hypothesis that individuals possess “windows of surprise” – learned thresholds for institutional engagement – shaped by social, economic, and psychological factors. A cross-sectional online survey (n = 1948) presented participants with crime vignettes of increasing severity. K-means clustering identified three latent reporting profiles, with entropy value…

Policing Practices and Perceptions (10 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (7 works) · Political science (7 works) · Criminology (6 works) · Psychology (5 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Computer Science (4 works) · Public relations (4 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (4 works) · Deception detection and forensic psychology (3 works)

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