James Chalmers
Biographic Data
| ID | 4437589 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James Chalmers |
| GIVEN NAMES | James |
| FAMILY NAME | Chalmers |
| SIGNATURE | CHALMERS J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Glasgow |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5423-8917 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 22 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1898 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Consortium‐Based Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement for Long Covid Research: A Pirit‐Focused Impact Evaluation of the PHOSP‐Covid Study
BACKGROUND: At the start of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020, the long-term outcomes for survivors of COVID-19 were unknown. The PHOSP-COVID cohort study was set up at scale and pace in Spring 2020 to determine the short- to long-term health consequences of COVID-19 in post-hospitalisation survivors; to understand the impact of interventions during and after the acute illness on these long-term sequelae and to build …
What do we know about the effectiveness of juror education in rape and serious sexual offence trials
Addressing jurors’ false beliefs in rape and serious sexual offence (RASSO) cases has been a priority for law reformers worldwide. This includes the Law Commission, whose 2025 report Evidence in Sexual Offence Prosecutions recommended that juror misconceptions be addressed in England and Wales by enhanced judicial directions, supplemented by expert evidence where issues are particularly complex. This paper reviews existing evidence on the effecti…
Why we need juror education in rape and serious sexual offence cases
Myths about myths? A commentary on Thomas (2020) and the question of jury rape myth acceptance
This commentary responds to claims that research by Cheryl Thomas ‘shows’ no problem with rape myths in English and Welsh juries. We critique the claim on the basis of ambiguous survey design, a false distinction between ‘real’ jurors and other research participants, the conflation of attitudes in relation to abstract versus applied rape myths, and misleading interpretation of the data. Ultimately, we call for a balanced appraisal of individual s…
Handle with care: Jury deliberation and demeanour-based assessments of witness credibility
It is unclear how effectively jurors perform their task of assessing witness credibility. Drawing on evidence from a mock jury study involving 863 mock jurors deliberating across 64 juries, and building on existing research, this paper explores juries’ reliance on demeanour. While jurors make use of factors which the research literature suggests are often appropriate credibility markers, for example external consistency of accounts, there is caus…
Beyond Doubt: The Case Against ‘Not Proven’
Scotland, unusually, has three verdicts in criminal trials: guilty, not guilty, and not proven. The not proven verdict, regarded by many as an intermediate option between the other two, has been the subject of a long‐running debate as to whether it should be abolished. In this article we argue that it should. Drawing on empirical evidence from two recent studies, we cast doubt on the arguments most often made in its favour – that it serves a valu…
The provenance of what is proven: Exploring (mock) jury deliberation in Scottish rape trials
This article presents findings from the largest research study of the nature of mock jury deliberations in rape cases undertaken in the UK to date – and the first such study to be undertaken in the Scottish context. The study found considerable evidence of the expression of problematic attitudes towards rape complainers. These included the belief that a ‘real’ rape victim would have extensive external and internal injuries and would resist attack…
Informing the ‘early years’ agenda in Scotland: Understanding infant feeding patterns using linked datasets
BACKGROUND: Providing infants with the 'best possible start in life' is a priority for the Scottish Government. This is reflected in policy and health promotion strategies to increase breast feeding, which gives the best source of nutrients for healthy infant growth and development. However, the rate of breast feeding in Scotland remains one of the lowest in Europe. Information is needed to provide a better understanding of infant feeding and its…
Cardiovascular disease and air pollution in Scotland: No association or insufficient data and study design
This study suggests that in small cities, where air quality is relatively good, then either PM10 concentrations have no effect on cardiovascular ill health, or that the routinely available data and the corresponding study design are not sufficient to detect an association
Substantial and Radical Change’: A New Dawn for Scottish Criminal Procedure
This paper discusses the recommendations of the Carloway Review, which was established to review law and practice in criminal cases following the introduction in Scotland of a right to legal assistance during detention. A number of recommendations are made in the Review, including the introduction of stricter time limits governing the detention of suspects, the removal of the corroboration requirement, the rejection of adverse inference provision…
O3-2.1 Linkage of data in the study of ethnic inequalities and inequities in health outcomes in Scotland: The Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study (SHELS)
Background There are striking ethnic variations in health status, outcomes, and health service utilisation. Quantifying and understanding this variation is essential to identify the health needs of ethnically diverse populations and assess the extent to which healthcare is equitable. Incomplete ethnic coding in routine data collection in Scotland undermines these efforts. Methods We examined ethnic variations in cardiovascular, cancer, maternal a…
When Should a Retrial be Permitted After a Conviction is Quashed on Appeal
The power to permit a retrial after a conviction has been quashed on appeal is an established part of criminal procedure, with over a third of successful appeals against conviction in England and Wales now resulting in a retrial being ordered. Despite this, relatively little attention has been paid to the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such permission to be granted. This article reviews the practice of the courts, offering a rationa…
Fair Labelling in Criminal Law
‘Fair labelling’ has become common currency in criminal law scholarship over recent decades, but the principle's scope and justification has never been analysed in detail. Basic questions remain unanswered, such as the intended audience for these labels and whether they assume the same importance in respect of both offences and defences. This article traces the intellectual history of the principle and examines its possible justifications in resp…
Intimacy and Responsibility: The Criminalisation of HIV Transmission by Matthew Weait
Record linked retrospective cohort study of 4.6 million people exploring ethnic variations in disease: Myocardial infarction in South Asians
The technique met ethical, professional and legal concerns about the linkage of census and health data and is transferable internationally wherever the census (or population register) contains ethnic group or race data. The outcome is a retrospective cohort study. Our results point to increased incidence rather than increased case fatality in explaining high CHD mortality rate. The findings open up new methods for researchers and health planners
Notes on the Bugilai, British New Guinea
Notes on the Natives of Kiwai Island, Fly River, British New Guinea
Toaripi
Vocabularies of the Bugilai and Tagota Dialects, British New Guinea
Anthropometrical Observations on Some Natives of the Papuan Gulf
Fair Labelling in Criminal Law
‘Fair labelling’ has become common currency in criminal law scholarship over recent decades, but the principle's scope and justification has never been analysed in detail. Basic questions remain unanswered, such as the intended audience for these labels and whether they assume the same importance in respect of both offences and defences. This article traces the intellectual history of the principle and examines its possible justifications in resp…
Why we need juror education in rape and serious sexual offence cases
Handle with care: Jury deliberation and demeanour-based assessments of witness credibility
It is unclear how effectively jurors perform their task of assessing witness credibility. Drawing on evidence from a mock jury study involving 863 mock jurors deliberating across 64 juries, and building on existing research, this paper explores juries’ reliance on demeanour. While jurors make use of factors which the research literature suggests are often appropriate credibility markers, for example external consistency of accounts, there is caus…
The provenance of what is proven: Exploring (mock) jury deliberation in Scottish rape trials
This article presents findings from the largest research study of the nature of mock jury deliberations in rape cases undertaken in the UK to date – and the first such study to be undertaken in the Scottish context. The study found considerable evidence of the expression of problematic attitudes towards rape complainers. These included the belief that a ‘real’ rape victim would have extensive external and internal injuries and would resist attack…
Beyond Doubt: The Case Against ‘Not Proven’
Scotland, unusually, has three verdicts in criminal trials: guilty, not guilty, and not proven. The not proven verdict, regarded by many as an intermediate option between the other two, has been the subject of a long‐running debate as to whether it should be abolished. In this article we argue that it should. Drawing on empirical evidence from two recent studies, we cast doubt on the arguments most often made in its favour – that it serves a valu…
Notes on the Natives of Kiwai Island, Fly River, British New Guinea
Informing the ‘early years’ agenda in Scotland: Understanding infant feeding patterns using linked datasets
BACKGROUND: Providing infants with the 'best possible start in life' is a priority for the Scottish Government. This is reflected in policy and health promotion strategies to increase breast feeding, which gives the best source of nutrients for healthy infant growth and development. However, the rate of breast feeding in Scotland remains one of the lowest in Europe. Information is needed to provide a better understanding of infant feeding and its…
When Should a Retrial be Permitted After a Conviction is Quashed on Appeal
The power to permit a retrial after a conviction has been quashed on appeal is an established part of criminal procedure, with over a third of successful appeals against conviction in England and Wales now resulting in a retrial being ordered. Despite this, relatively little attention has been paid to the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such permission to be granted. This article reviews the practice of the courts, offering a rationa…
Notes on the Bugilai, British New Guinea
Toaripi
Vocabularies of the Bugilai and Tagota Dialects, British New Guinea
Anthropometrical Observations on Some Natives of the Papuan Gulf
Notes on the Bugilai, British New Guinea
Notes on the Natives of Kiwai Island, Fly River, British New Guinea
Record linked retrospective cohort study of 4.6 million people exploring ethnic variations in disease: Myocardial infarction in South Asians
The technique met ethical, professional and legal concerns about the linkage of census and health data and is transferable internationally wherever the census (or population register) contains ethnic group or race data. The outcome is a retrospective cohort study. Our results point to increased incidence rather than increased case fatality in explaining high CHD mortality rate. The findings open up new methods for researchers and health planners
Fair Labelling in Criminal Law
‘Fair labelling’ has become common currency in criminal law scholarship over recent decades, but the principle's scope and justification has never been analysed in detail. Basic questions remain unanswered, such as the intended audience for these labels and whether they assume the same importance in respect of both offences and defences. This article traces the intellectual history of the principle and examines its possible justifications in resp…
Intimacy and Responsibility: The Criminalisation of HIV Transmission by Matthew Weait
O3-2.1 Linkage of data in the study of ethnic inequalities and inequities in health outcomes in Scotland: The Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study (SHELS)
Background There are striking ethnic variations in health status, outcomes, and health service utilisation. Quantifying and understanding this variation is essential to identify the health needs of ethnically diverse populations and assess the extent to which healthcare is equitable. Incomplete ethnic coding in routine data collection in Scotland undermines these efforts. Methods We examined ethnic variations in cardiovascular, cancer, maternal a…
When Should a Retrial be Permitted After a Conviction is Quashed on Appeal
The power to permit a retrial after a conviction has been quashed on appeal is an established part of criminal procedure, with over a third of successful appeals against conviction in England and Wales now resulting in a retrial being ordered. Despite this, relatively little attention has been paid to the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such permission to be granted. This article reviews the practice of the courts, offering a rationa…
Cardiovascular disease and air pollution in Scotland: No association or insufficient data and study design
This study suggests that in small cities, where air quality is relatively good, then either PM10 concentrations have no effect on cardiovascular ill health, or that the routinely available data and the corresponding study design are not sufficient to detect an association
Substantial and Radical Change’: A New Dawn for Scottish Criminal Procedure
This paper discusses the recommendations of the Carloway Review, which was established to review law and practice in criminal cases following the introduction in Scotland of a right to legal assistance during detention. A number of recommendations are made in the Review, including the introduction of stricter time limits governing the detention of suspects, the removal of the corroboration requirement, the rejection of adverse inference provision…
Informing the ‘early years’ agenda in Scotland: Understanding infant feeding patterns using linked datasets
BACKGROUND: Providing infants with the 'best possible start in life' is a priority for the Scottish Government. This is reflected in policy and health promotion strategies to increase breast feeding, which gives the best source of nutrients for healthy infant growth and development. However, the rate of breast feeding in Scotland remains one of the lowest in Europe. Information is needed to provide a better understanding of infant feeding and its…
The provenance of what is proven: Exploring (mock) jury deliberation in Scottish rape trials
This article presents findings from the largest research study of the nature of mock jury deliberations in rape cases undertaken in the UK to date – and the first such study to be undertaken in the Scottish context. The study found considerable evidence of the expression of problematic attitudes towards rape complainers. These included the belief that a ‘real’ rape victim would have extensive external and internal injuries and would resist attack…
Myths about myths? A commentary on Thomas (2020) and the question of jury rape myth acceptance
This commentary responds to claims that research by Cheryl Thomas ‘shows’ no problem with rape myths in English and Welsh juries. We critique the claim on the basis of ambiguous survey design, a false distinction between ‘real’ jurors and other research participants, the conflation of attitudes in relation to abstract versus applied rape myths, and misleading interpretation of the data. Ultimately, we call for a balanced appraisal of individual s…
Handle with care: Jury deliberation and demeanour-based assessments of witness credibility
It is unclear how effectively jurors perform their task of assessing witness credibility. Drawing on evidence from a mock jury study involving 863 mock jurors deliberating across 64 juries, and building on existing research, this paper explores juries’ reliance on demeanour. While jurors make use of factors which the research literature suggests are often appropriate credibility markers, for example external consistency of accounts, there is caus…
Beyond Doubt: The Case Against ‘Not Proven’
Scotland, unusually, has three verdicts in criminal trials: guilty, not guilty, and not proven. The not proven verdict, regarded by many as an intermediate option between the other two, has been the subject of a long‐running debate as to whether it should be abolished. In this article we argue that it should. Drawing on empirical evidence from two recent studies, we cast doubt on the arguments most often made in its favour – that it serves a valu…
Why we need juror education in rape and serious sexual offence cases
Consortium‐Based Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement for Long Covid Research: A Pirit‐Focused Impact Evaluation of the PHOSP‐Covid Study
BACKGROUND: At the start of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020, the long-term outcomes for survivors of COVID-19 were unknown. The PHOSP-COVID cohort study was set up at scale and pace in Spring 2020 to determine the short- to long-term health consequences of COVID-19 in post-hospitalisation survivors; to understand the impact of interventions during and after the acute illness on these long-term sequelae and to build …
What do we know about the effectiveness of juror education in rape and serious sexual offence trials
Addressing jurors’ false beliefs in rape and serious sexual offence (RASSO) cases has been a priority for law reformers worldwide. This includes the Law Commission, whose 2025 report Evidence in Sexual Offence Prosecutions recommended that juror misconceptions be addressed in England and Wales by enhanced judicial directions, supplemented by expert evidence where issues are particularly complex. This paper reviews existing evidence on the effecti…
Law (9 works) · Political science (8 works) · Jury Decision Making Processes (6 works) · Psychology (6 works) · History (5 works) · History (5 works) · Medicine (5 works) · Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies (5 works) · Computer Science (4 works) · Criminal Law and Evidence (4 works)