Lenahan O’connell
Biographic Data
| ID | 4453468 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lenahan O’connell |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lenahan |
| FAMILY NAME | O’connell |
| SIGNATURE | O’CONNELL L |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Kentucky |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 95 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
What Difference Does Time Make? Analysis of Driver Behaviors Before and After Toll Implementation
This study examines if and how drivers respond to tolls differently after implementation by analyzing drivers’ intention to pay tolls and toll avoidance behaviors. We apply the Theory of Planned Behavior to connect intention to pay and avoidance behavior to three categories of predictors: attitudes toward tolls, perceptions of toll benefits, and ability to pay. Since the theory does not explicitly consider factors such as past experience and chan…
Getting the toll story about willingness-to-pay tolls
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine drivers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) tolls using data from a survey of drivers in the Hampton Roads region of Southeastern Virginia. The theory of planned behavior is applied to understand the different factors contributing to WTP tolls. The study measures different dimensions of WTP, offers a two-stage approach that aligns correlates of WTP tolls in logical sequence, and assesses the role of price inf…
Beyond new roads and bridges: Understanding public preferences for investing in urban non-automobile transportation infrastructure
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare public preferences for investment and spending on non-automobile infrastructures (mass transit and bicycling) to preferences for new roads and the repair of current highways. The study explores the factors that explain preferences for non-automobile infrastructure using a three-factor model including self-interest (personal transportation benefits), concern for community-wide benefits (political bel…
Two Models of Teacher Accountability: Toward an Explanation for the Disappointing Results of Some Market-Based School Reforms
Accountability is a pivotal concern of applied social science. This article asserts that in many situations a full explanation of the sources of accountability requires the application of concepts from sociology and management science, in addition to those from the market-based approaches inspired by economics. The article describes the market-based approach to accountability exemplified by agency theory, applies it to school reform and derives s…
Becoming More Complete: The Diffusion and Evolution of State-Level Complete Streets Policies
The complete streets movement calls for streetscapes designed for safe and convenient walking, biking, and transit usage by all residents including children, the elderly, and the disabled. This study reviews state-level complete streets policies. Our research questions are: (1) In what ways do the states with a complete streets policy differ from the states without one? (2) Have complete streets policies become more comprehensive over time? (3) D…
How effective is the international fuel tax agreement as a multistate tax administration model? A view from the states
The International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA) was established to reduce the complexities of reporting, allocating, and collecting diesel fuel taxes from interstate commercial carriers operating in multiple jurisdictions. This paper examines IFTA’s effectiveness as a multistate tax administration model from the perspective of the states. We identify three criteria of effectiveness and use a survey of IFTA officials in the member states and provinces…
Improving Revenue Adequacy by Indexing the Gas Tax to Indicators of Need: A Simulation Analysis
The current crisis in highway finance in the United States is mostly driven by greater vehicle fuel efficiency, substantial rises in construction costs and automobile use, and fixed per gallon fuel tax rates that do not increase with inflation. These factors give rise to questions about the adequacy of the gasoline tax (or gas tax) structure to generate sufficient revenue. We argue that the public will be more willing to increase the gas tax if i…
Paying for Locally Owned Roads: A Crisis in Local Government Highway Finance
The past two decades have witnessed substantial changes in the dynamics of state—local relationships for highway funding. We argue that four factors have produced a funding crisis for local governments: an increase in developed land and locally owned roads; a rise in construction and maintenance costs; devolution of highway financing responsibility from the states to localities with a reduction in intergovernmental transfers; and more wear and te…
An Empirical Examination of the Statutory Characteristics and Effects of Highway and Transportation Commissions on DOT Capital Management Capacity
A majority of the states have created, by statute, some type of external body (such as a board or commissions) to oversee their departments of transportation (DOTs). The focus of this research is on two types of commissions: highway-only commissions and multimodal transportation commissions. We review the authorizing statutes that establish these boards and commissions to identify their statutorily defined membership characteristics and roles. We…
Transportation Commissions as Accountability Structures: A Review of their Statutory Roles and Other Attributes
As of 2004, 36 of the 50 states had created, by statute, some type of external body (such as boards or commissions) to work with their departments of transportation (DOTs). The authors review the authorizing statutes that establish these boards and commissions to identify their statutorily defined responsibilities and attributes. From the literature on governance structures and accountability, three propositions are derived about their likely str…
Exploring the Social Roots of Smart Growth Policy Adoption by Cities
Objective. This study identifies: (1) the smart growth policies adopted in a sample of U.S. cities; and (2) the relative impact of four social factors—education, local environmental activism, race, and homeownership on policy adoption. Method. A survey was sent to planning and development officials in a sample of 340 cities. Results. On average, the cities have 4.96 smart growth policies on their books. Adoption of such policies is more associate…
Response to Commentaries on “Exploring the Social Roots of Smart Growth Policy Adoption by Cities”
Emergent Accountability in State–Local Relations: Some Lessons From Solid Waste Policy in Kentucky
Applying Kearns's concept of the “accountability environment, ” this study of a reform of solid waste policy finds that the relationship between the state and local jurisdictions can best be described as structured by mechanisms of emergent accountability. After distinguishing hierarchical from emergent accountability, the author tests the following hypothesis: Under a structure of emergent accountability, progress toward a stated goal will be pa…
Program Accountability as an Emergent Property: The Role of Stakeholders in a Program's Field
This article applies the concepts of organization field and accountability environment to a government-funded program. It argues that the formula for accountability inspired by agency theory—define performance standards, measure performance, and sanction based on measured performance—is frequently impossible to apply because program accountability can be an emergent property arising from the actions of the major actors in a program's field. Study…
Must stereotyping be extreme to be harmful? The relationship between degree of stereotyping and prejudice
Despite the fact that most Whites give liberal responses to survey questions about racial stereotypes, many social scientists believe that most Whites are willing to stereotype African Americans. Many also assume such stereotypes are harmful because they are applied to most members of the out group. With a sample of White college students, this article shows that: (a) Whites who give liberal responses to survey questions are quite willing to ster…
The Role of Inside and Same-Sex Influencers in the Choice of Nontraditional Occupations
The role model approach to occupational choice predicts concern with sex appropriateness and reliance on same-sex influencers when individuals choose nontraditional occupations, while the opportunity structure approach predicts men and women respond equally to opportunity. Using data from male and female engineering and nursing students, this study evaluates both perspectives. Findings suggest the opportunity structure approach is more predictive…
Investigators at Work: How Bureaucratic and Legal Constraints Influence the Enforcement of Discrimination Law
Gender differences in proclivity for unethical behavior
Plans for balancing work and family life: Do women pursuing nontraditional and traditional occupations differ
Ownerbuilt Housing and Resources: Implications for Self-Help Policies
This note looks at the resources used by 101 non-rural people who built their own homes, saving an estimated 34 per cent of the home's market value
Work Orientations of Males and Females: Exploring the Gender Socialization Approach
Earlier surveys show differences in work orientations of males and females, but these were based on mostly sex-segregated workers. Two broad explanations are used to examine differences in work orientations of males and females: namely the socialstructural and the gender-socialization approaches. A secondary analysis of 22 separate sudies of specific occupations are combined and used to determine if the sexes display different patterns on ten wor…
An Exploration of Exchange in Three Social Relationships: Kinship, Friendship and the Marketplace
Exchange norms are analysed within the context of three social relationships: the marketplace, friendship, and kinship. Exchange is treated as a complex, decision-making process that often involves the creation of trust and willingness to accept asymmetries in transactions. When constructing an exchange each partner bases his or her behaviour on: (1) social relationships; (2) norms; (3) the type of comparison - intrapersonal or interpersonal; (4)…
A Research Note on: The Owner-Builder and The Owner-Built Home in Knox County, Tennessee
Despite its potential, little is known about owner-built housing and the process through which it is built. This study concerns 108 owner-builders in Knox county, Tennessee, who applied for building permits in 1979. These owner-builders built large conventional homes and saved 33 percent of market value. The typical owner-builder had the help of 1.4 friends, 1.8 relatives, and 3.8 subcontractors. The friends and relatives donated much skilled wor…
Changing Doctor-Patient Relationships and the Rise in Concern for Accountability
Journal Article Changing Doctor-Patient Relationships and the Rise in Concern for Accountability Get access Michael Betz, Michael Betz University of Tennessee Correspondence to: Betz, Department of Sociology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0490. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lenahan O'Connell Lenahan O'Connell University of Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford A…
Program Accountability as an Emergent Property: The Role of Stakeholders in a Program's Field
This article applies the concepts of organization field and accountability environment to a government-funded program. It argues that the formula for accountability inspired by agency theory—define performance standards, measure performance, and sanction based on measured performance—is frequently impossible to apply because program accountability can be an emergent property arising from the actions of the major actors in a program's field. Study…
Plans for balancing work and family life: Do women pursuing nontraditional and traditional occupations differ
An Exploration of Exchange in Three Social Relationships: Kinship, Friendship and the Marketplace
Exchange norms are analysed within the context of three social relationships: the marketplace, friendship, and kinship. Exchange is treated as a complex, decision-making process that often involves the creation of trust and willingness to accept asymmetries in transactions. When constructing an exchange each partner bases his or her behaviour on: (1) social relationships; (2) norms; (3) the type of comparison - intrapersonal or interpersonal; (4)…
Changing Doctor-Patient Relationships and the Rise in Concern for Accountability
Journal Article Changing Doctor-Patient Relationships and the Rise in Concern for Accountability Get access Michael Betz, Michael Betz University of Tennessee Correspondence to: Betz, Department of Sociology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0490. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lenahan O'Connell Lenahan O'Connell University of Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford A…
Work Orientations of Males and Females: Exploring the Gender Socialization Approach
Earlier surveys show differences in work orientations of males and females, but these were based on mostly sex-segregated workers. Two broad explanations are used to examine differences in work orientations of males and females: namely the socialstructural and the gender-socialization approaches. A secondary analysis of 22 separate sudies of specific occupations are combined and used to determine if the sexes display different patterns on ten wor…
Exploring the Social Roots of Smart Growth Policy Adoption by Cities
Objective. This study identifies: (1) the smart growth policies adopted in a sample of U.S. cities; and (2) the relative impact of four social factors—education, local environmental activism, race, and homeownership on policy adoption. Method. A survey was sent to planning and development officials in a sample of 340 cities. Results. On average, the cities have 4.96 smart growth policies on their books. Adoption of such policies is more associate…
Investigators at Work: How Bureaucratic and Legal Constraints Influence the Enforcement of Discrimination Law
Transportation Commissions as Accountability Structures: A Review of their Statutory Roles and Other Attributes
As of 2004, 36 of the 50 states had created, by statute, some type of external body (such as boards or commissions) to work with their departments of transportation (DOTs). The authors review the authorizing statutes that establish these boards and commissions to identify their statutorily defined responsibilities and attributes. From the literature on governance structures and accountability, three propositions are derived about their likely str…
Improving Revenue Adequacy by Indexing the Gas Tax to Indicators of Need: A Simulation Analysis
The current crisis in highway finance in the United States is mostly driven by greater vehicle fuel efficiency, substantial rises in construction costs and automobile use, and fixed per gallon fuel tax rates that do not increase with inflation. These factors give rise to questions about the adequacy of the gasoline tax (or gas tax) structure to generate sufficient revenue. We argue that the public will be more willing to increase the gas tax if i…
Paying for Locally Owned Roads: A Crisis in Local Government Highway Finance
The past two decades have witnessed substantial changes in the dynamics of state—local relationships for highway funding. We argue that four factors have produced a funding crisis for local governments: an increase in developed land and locally owned roads; a rise in construction and maintenance costs; devolution of highway financing responsibility from the states to localities with a reduction in intergovernmental transfers; and more wear and te…
Becoming More Complete: The Diffusion and Evolution of State-Level Complete Streets Policies
The complete streets movement calls for streetscapes designed for safe and convenient walking, biking, and transit usage by all residents including children, the elderly, and the disabled. This study reviews state-level complete streets policies. Our research questions are: (1) In what ways do the states with a complete streets policy differ from the states without one? (2) Have complete streets policies become more comprehensive over time? (3) D…
Emergent Accountability in State–Local Relations: Some Lessons From Solid Waste Policy in Kentucky
Applying Kearns's concept of the “accountability environment, ” this study of a reform of solid waste policy finds that the relationship between the state and local jurisdictions can best be described as structured by mechanisms of emergent accountability. After distinguishing hierarchical from emergent accountability, the author tests the following hypothesis: Under a structure of emergent accountability, progress toward a stated goal will be pa…
Two Models of Teacher Accountability: Toward an Explanation for the Disappointing Results of Some Market-Based School Reforms
Accountability is a pivotal concern of applied social science. This article asserts that in many situations a full explanation of the sources of accountability requires the application of concepts from sociology and management science, in addition to those from the market-based approaches inspired by economics. The article describes the market-based approach to accountability exemplified by agency theory, applies it to school reform and derives s…
Response to Commentaries on “Exploring the Social Roots of Smart Growth Policy Adoption by Cities”
The Role of Inside and Same-Sex Influencers in the Choice of Nontraditional Occupations
The role model approach to occupational choice predicts concern with sex appropriateness and reliance on same-sex influencers when individuals choose nontraditional occupations, while the opportunity structure approach predicts men and women respond equally to opportunity. Using data from male and female engineering and nursing students, this study evaluates both perspectives. Findings suggest the opportunity structure approach is more predictive…
A Research Note on: The Owner-Builder and The Owner-Built Home in Knox County, Tennessee
Despite its potential, little is known about owner-built housing and the process through which it is built. This study concerns 108 owner-builders in Knox county, Tennessee, who applied for building permits in 1979. These owner-builders built large conventional homes and saved 33 percent of market value. The typical owner-builder had the help of 1.4 friends, 1.8 relatives, and 3.8 subcontractors. The friends and relatives donated much skilled wor…
Changing Doctor-Patient Relationships and the Rise in Concern for Accountability
Journal Article Changing Doctor-Patient Relationships and the Rise in Concern for Accountability Get access Michael Betz, Michael Betz University of Tennessee Correspondence to: Betz, Department of Sociology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0490. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lenahan O'Connell Lenahan O'Connell University of Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford A…
An Exploration of Exchange in Three Social Relationships: Kinship, Friendship and the Marketplace
Exchange norms are analysed within the context of three social relationships: the marketplace, friendship, and kinship. Exchange is treated as a complex, decision-making process that often involves the creation of trust and willingness to accept asymmetries in transactions. When constructing an exchange each partner bases his or her behaviour on: (1) social relationships; (2) norms; (3) the type of comparison - intrapersonal or interpersonal; (4)…
Gender differences in proclivity for unethical behavior
Plans for balancing work and family life: Do women pursuing nontraditional and traditional occupations differ
Ownerbuilt Housing and Resources: Implications for Self-Help Policies
This note looks at the resources used by 101 non-rural people who built their own homes, saving an estimated 34 per cent of the home's market value
Work Orientations of Males and Females: Exploring the Gender Socialization Approach
Earlier surveys show differences in work orientations of males and females, but these were based on mostly sex-segregated workers. Two broad explanations are used to examine differences in work orientations of males and females: namely the socialstructural and the gender-socialization approaches. A secondary analysis of 22 separate sudies of specific occupations are combined and used to determine if the sexes display different patterns on ten wor…
Investigators at Work: How Bureaucratic and Legal Constraints Influence the Enforcement of Discrimination Law
The Role of Inside and Same-Sex Influencers in the Choice of Nontraditional Occupations
The role model approach to occupational choice predicts concern with sex appropriateness and reliance on same-sex influencers when individuals choose nontraditional occupations, while the opportunity structure approach predicts men and women respond equally to opportunity. Using data from male and female engineering and nursing students, this study evaluates both perspectives. Findings suggest the opportunity structure approach is more predictive…
Must stereotyping be extreme to be harmful? The relationship between degree of stereotyping and prejudice
Despite the fact that most Whites give liberal responses to survey questions about racial stereotypes, many social scientists believe that most Whites are willing to stereotype African Americans. Many also assume such stereotypes are harmful because they are applied to most members of the out group. With a sample of White college students, this article shows that: (a) Whites who give liberal responses to survey questions are quite willing to ster…
Program Accountability as an Emergent Property: The Role of Stakeholders in a Program's Field
This article applies the concepts of organization field and accountability environment to a government-funded program. It argues that the formula for accountability inspired by agency theory—define performance standards, measure performance, and sanction based on measured performance—is frequently impossible to apply because program accountability can be an emergent property arising from the actions of the major actors in a program's field. Study…
Emergent Accountability in State–Local Relations: Some Lessons From Solid Waste Policy in Kentucky
Applying Kearns's concept of the “accountability environment, ” this study of a reform of solid waste policy finds that the relationship between the state and local jurisdictions can best be described as structured by mechanisms of emergent accountability. After distinguishing hierarchical from emergent accountability, the author tests the following hypothesis: Under a structure of emergent accountability, progress toward a stated goal will be pa…
An Empirical Examination of the Statutory Characteristics and Effects of Highway and Transportation Commissions on DOT Capital Management Capacity
A majority of the states have created, by statute, some type of external body (such as a board or commissions) to oversee their departments of transportation (DOTs). The focus of this research is on two types of commissions: highway-only commissions and multimodal transportation commissions. We review the authorizing statutes that establish these boards and commissions to identify their statutorily defined membership characteristics and roles. We…
Transportation Commissions as Accountability Structures: A Review of their Statutory Roles and Other Attributes
As of 2004, 36 of the 50 states had created, by statute, some type of external body (such as boards or commissions) to work with their departments of transportation (DOTs). The authors review the authorizing statutes that establish these boards and commissions to identify their statutorily defined responsibilities and attributes. From the literature on governance structures and accountability, three propositions are derived about their likely str…
Exploring the Social Roots of Smart Growth Policy Adoption by Cities
Objective. This study identifies: (1) the smart growth policies adopted in a sample of U.S. cities; and (2) the relative impact of four social factors—education, local environmental activism, race, and homeownership on policy adoption. Method. A survey was sent to planning and development officials in a sample of 340 cities. Results. On average, the cities have 4.96 smart growth policies on their books. Adoption of such policies is more associate…
Response to Commentaries on “Exploring the Social Roots of Smart Growth Policy Adoption by Cities”
Paying for Locally Owned Roads: A Crisis in Local Government Highway Finance
The past two decades have witnessed substantial changes in the dynamics of state—local relationships for highway funding. We argue that four factors have produced a funding crisis for local governments: an increase in developed land and locally owned roads; a rise in construction and maintenance costs; devolution of highway financing responsibility from the states to localities with a reduction in intergovernmental transfers; and more wear and te…
How effective is the international fuel tax agreement as a multistate tax administration model? A view from the states
The International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA) was established to reduce the complexities of reporting, allocating, and collecting diesel fuel taxes from interstate commercial carriers operating in multiple jurisdictions. This paper examines IFTA’s effectiveness as a multistate tax administration model from the perspective of the states. We identify three criteria of effectiveness and use a survey of IFTA officials in the member states and provinces…
Improving Revenue Adequacy by Indexing the Gas Tax to Indicators of Need: A Simulation Analysis
The current crisis in highway finance in the United States is mostly driven by greater vehicle fuel efficiency, substantial rises in construction costs and automobile use, and fixed per gallon fuel tax rates that do not increase with inflation. These factors give rise to questions about the adequacy of the gasoline tax (or gas tax) structure to generate sufficient revenue. We argue that the public will be more willing to increase the gas tax if i…
Becoming More Complete: The Diffusion and Evolution of State-Level Complete Streets Policies
The complete streets movement calls for streetscapes designed for safe and convenient walking, biking, and transit usage by all residents including children, the elderly, and the disabled. This study reviews state-level complete streets policies. Our research questions are: (1) In what ways do the states with a complete streets policy differ from the states without one? (2) Have complete streets policies become more comprehensive over time? (3) D…
Getting the toll story about willingness-to-pay tolls
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine drivers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) tolls using data from a survey of drivers in the Hampton Roads region of Southeastern Virginia. The theory of planned behavior is applied to understand the different factors contributing to WTP tolls. The study measures different dimensions of WTP, offers a two-stage approach that aligns correlates of WTP tolls in logical sequence, and assesses the role of price inf…
Beyond new roads and bridges: Understanding public preferences for investing in urban non-automobile transportation infrastructure
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare public preferences for investment and spending on non-automobile infrastructures (mass transit and bicycling) to preferences for new roads and the repair of current highways. The study explores the factors that explain preferences for non-automobile infrastructure using a three-factor model including self-interest (personal transportation benefits), concern for community-wide benefits (political bel…
Two Models of Teacher Accountability: Toward an Explanation for the Disappointing Results of Some Market-Based School Reforms
Accountability is a pivotal concern of applied social science. This article asserts that in many situations a full explanation of the sources of accountability requires the application of concepts from sociology and management science, in addition to those from the market-based approaches inspired by economics. The article describes the market-based approach to accountability exemplified by agency theory, applies it to school reform and derives s…
What Difference Does Time Make? Analysis of Driver Behaviors Before and After Toll Implementation
This study examines if and how drivers respond to tolls differently after implementation by analyzing drivers’ intention to pay tolls and toll avoidance behaviors. We apply the Theory of Planned Behavior to connect intention to pay and avoidance behavior to three categories of predictors: attitudes toward tolls, perceptions of toll benefits, and ability to pay. Since the theory does not explicitly consider factors such as past experience and chan…
Business (14 works) · Political science (14 works) · Psychology (11 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Law (10 works) · Economics (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Law (7 works) · Public Administration (7 works) · Public Administration (7 works)