Daniel K W Young
Biographic Data
| ID | 4457370 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Daniel K W Young |
| GIVEN NAMES | Daniel K W |
| FAMILY NAME | Young |
| SIGNATURE | YOUNG D K W |
| AFFILIATIONS | Hong Kong Baptist University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6136-7389 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 16 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Charting the Pathway to STEM: How Middle School Socialization and Science Growth Trajectories Predict Adult Career Success
Middle school is a critical period for science education, yet the collective impact of socialization agents on students’ longitudinal science learning trajectories and subsequent STEM careers remains underexplored. This study investigates how seventh-grade (typically aged 12–13) socialization agents—parental educational encouragement, peer academic support, constructive school learning environment, and student self-esteem—collectively shape the d…
Effect of a blended indoor and outdoor multicomponent structured exercise on depressive symptoms in Hong Kong older adults: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
This trial is prospectively registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial registration number NCT06190327 registered 19 December 2023
Multicomponent Intervention on Improving Cognitive Impairment: Randomized Control Trial with 6-Month Follow-Up
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 16-session multicomponent intervention to improve the cognitive abilities of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through the promotion of healthy lifestyle, cognitive skills, tai chi, and mindfulness exercises delivered by a social worker 6 months after the intervention. Method: This study was a 6-month follow-up of a pilot randomized controlled trial of 57 community-dw…
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Group for Left-behind Older Parents With Depression
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group for left-behind older parents with depression. Method: Using a quasi-experimental research design with a three-arm study, participants with depression ( n = 17) and participants without depression ( n = 13) received the same eight-session CBT group covering the skills of acceptance and commitment therapy in addition to treatment-as-u…
Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Perceived Stress—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for people with mental health problems. Methods: Participants ( n = 57) recruited from collaborating mental health and counseling centers in Hong Kong and Shenzhen were randomly assigned to a control group receiving standardized educational information about COVID-19 or an intervention group receiving the guided iCBT with eight online…
Randomized Controlled Trial of Expanded Coming Out Group on Reducing Self-Stigma of Schizophrenia People
Purpose: This study evaluates the efficacy of the expanded coming out proud (ECOP) group intervention in mitigating self-stigma among individuals with schizophrenia in Hong Kong. Methods: Eighty participants in recovery from mental illness were recruited and randomly assigned to the treatment and control group using a single-blind, multi-center randomized controlled trial. The treatment group underwent a 12-session ECOP intervention alongside the…
Guided Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Community Residents with Emotional Distress during the Covid-19 Pandemic
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a guided online mindfulness-based intervention (iMBI) for community residents experiencing emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. In a randomized controlled trial, 64 participants were recruited from collaborating community-based mental health service units in Hong Kong and assigned to either the treatment (n = 32) or control (n = 32) groups. The treatment group received a guided i…
A multi-site randomized controlled trial of a brief daily workplace well-being program for community mental health workers —an integrative body-mind-spirit approach
A brief daily body-mind-spirit (BMS) workplace well-being program has been developed for community mental health workers (CMHW). Aiming to evaluate the program’s efficacy, this study adopted a multi-site randomized controlled trial design. Primary outcome measures included work engagement and burnout. The data analysis included 175 participants. ANOVA revealed significant group x time interaction effects on work engagement (η2 = 0.037, p = 0.039)…
Feasibility of Self-Guided Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for University Students During Covid-19
Objective: This study aimed to test the feasibility and efficacy of a self-guided online cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT) for university students in Hong Kong during COVID-19. Method: One group pre-post-test design with convenient sampling was adopted in this study, involving 84 university students who received a newly developed iCBT within an 8 week intervention period. The iCBT offered eight online modules for students to learn the skills of …
Feasibility of Supported Education for Youth with Mental Illness in Hong Kong
Background: Youth with mental illness face many challenges in educational attainment, including a high school dropout rate. Objectives: This study aims to explore the feasibility of a supported education program for youth with mental illness in Hong Kong. Research Method: Mixed research method was conducted. The quantitative study adopted one group pre- and posttest design involving 34 participants, while the qualitative study involved conducting…
Facilitating Personal Recovery Through Mindfulness-Based Intervention Among People With Mental Illness
Purpose: This pre-pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI, “REMIND1.0”) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Twenty mental health service users were allocated to either 8 weekly mixed-mode MBI ( n = 10) or treatment-as-usual (TAU) ( n = 10). Results: There were significant interactions between group and time (baseline T0, post-intervention T1, and 1-month follow-up T2) across all quantitative outco…
Telephone-Supported Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for People With Depression: Users’ Perspective
Background Little is known from the perspective of service users on the quality and benefits of receiving telephone counseling in a guided Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT). Purpose This study aimed to investigate, from the user’s perspective, the feasibility, quality, and benefits of a telephone-supported iCBT which provided eight self-learned online modules and weekly telephone counseling from a social worker for people with de…
A Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Objective This study aimed to evaluate a culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) group for Chinese people with depression that aimed to alter participants’ negative beliefs of themselves, which were influenced by traditional Chinese cultural values. Method In this randomized controlled trial, 43 participants diagnosed with depression were randomly allocated to a 10-session culturally adapted CBT group or treatment as usual (TAU). A re…
Self-Stigma Reduction Group for People With Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) on reducing self-stigma in Chinese people with depression. Methods: By adopting a randomized controlled trial design, 62 participants with clinical depression were randomly assigned to a 10-session CBT or treatment as usual. Standardized assessment tools were used to assess the self-stigma and depressive symptoms in the pre- and posttreatment periods by a …
Predictors of Personal Recovery of People with Severe Mental Illness in a Chinese Society: A Cross-Sectional Study with a Random Sample
Destigmatized Group Intervention on Promoting Hope of Recovery: A Quasi-Experiment Study
Objective: This research project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a destigmatized group intervention in promoting hope of recovery for adults with mental illness. Methods: A quasi-experimental research method was adopted. In addition to treatment as usual (TAU), the treatment group ( n = 36) participated in a 10-session destigmatized group intervention, which was based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), while the control group ( n = 42) …
Outcomes of Expanded Cognitive Stimulation Therapy Group for Mild-Stage Dementia: Four-Month Follow-Up
Purposes: This research aims to report the results of a 4-month follow-up study of an expanded cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) group that combines CST and Tai Chi on improving the cognitive abilities of community-dwelling Chinese elderly with mild-stage dementia (EwMD). Methods: Two-group pretest–posttest design was adopted in this study, involving 101 Chinese community-dwelling EwMD who had completed an expanded CST group conducted at a loca…
Effects of Physical Activity Intervention for Chinese People With Severe Mental Illness
Purpose: This research project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a physical activity (PA) intervention model for people with severe mental illness in a Chinese society. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study. In addition to treatment-as-usual (TAU), the treatment group ( n = 52) participated in a supervised jogging activity twice a week for a total of eight sessions, followed by four sessions of psychoeducation on nutr…
A Vocational Recovery Model for Young People With Mental Illness: A Pretest–Posttest
Purpose: This research project aims to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a vocational recovery model promoting both vocational and personal recovery for young people with mental illness. Methods: In this study, a one group pre–posttest design was conducted, involving 37 young people with mental illness who received a vocational recovery program that consisted of a psychoeducation group on recovery, social skills and job-related skills train…
Psychoeducation Group on Improving Quality of Life of Mild Cognitive Impaired Elderly
Purpose: This research study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducation group, which is founded on an Eastern approach to health care, in improving the quality of life of Chinese people with mild cognitive impairment (PwMCI). Method: In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 40 Chinese PwMCI were randomly assigned to either a 10-session psychoeducation group or the control group. Results: A paired sample t test indicated that the treat…
The effects of a community mental health intervention project upon family caregivers of persons with suspected mental illness in the Chinese cultural context
Family members play an important role in caregiving with more emphasis on early intervention for people suffering from mental illness. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, this study examines the effects of a community mental health intervention project (CoMHIP) on burdens of caregivers who have family members with suspected mental illness. Results showed that family caregivers’ burden and psychological stress level had been reduced (…
The prevalence and predictors of self-stigma of individuals with mental health illness in two Chinese cities
BACKGROUND: Although self-stigma is found to have adverse effects on the lives of persons with mental illness, little is known on the self-stigma of these individuals in Chinese societies. OBJECTIVE: This research study explores the prevalence rate and predicting factors of self-stigma of consumers in two Chinese cities, Hong Kong and Guangzhou. METHODS: A cross-sectional research design is adopted which involves a random sample of 266 consumers …
Validity and Reliability of Recovery Assessment Scale for Cantonese Speaking Chinese Consumers with Mental Illness
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group for Reducing Self-Stigma for People With Mental Illness
This research project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapeutic (CBT) group in reducing self-stigma for people with mental illness in Chinese society. In this study, a quasi-experimental research method was adopted involving 71 people with mental illness receiving community-based mental health services. In total, 33 treatment group participants were assigned to a 10-session CBT group, while 38 control group particip…
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention on Acculturation: A Study of Students in Hong Kong from Mainland China
Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI) in improving mental health and promoting postmigration growth for Mainland university students in Hong Kong. Methods: Thirty-six Mainland students with mild-to-moderate levels of psychological distress have completed a 8-session CBI group. Various mental health measures have been administered at the pre-, post-, and 3-month follow-up tests. Results: …
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention on Acculturation: A Study of Students in Hong Kong from Mainland China
Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI) in improving mental health and promoting postmigration growth for Mainland university students in Hong Kong. Methods: Thirty-six Mainland students with mild-to-moderate levels of psychological distress have completed a 8-session CBI group. Various mental health measures have been administered at the pre-, post-, and 3-month follow-up tests. Results: …
Self-Stigma Reduction Group for People With Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) on reducing self-stigma in Chinese people with depression. Methods: By adopting a randomized controlled trial design, 62 participants with clinical depression were randomly assigned to a 10-session CBT or treatment as usual. Standardized assessment tools were used to assess the self-stigma and depressive symptoms in the pre- and posttreatment periods by a …
Telephone-Supported Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for People With Depression: Users’ Perspective
Background Little is known from the perspective of service users on the quality and benefits of receiving telephone counseling in a guided Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT). Purpose This study aimed to investigate, from the user’s perspective, the feasibility, quality, and benefits of a telephone-supported iCBT which provided eight self-learned online modules and weekly telephone counseling from a social worker for people with de…
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group for Reducing Self-Stigma for People With Mental Illness
This research project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapeutic (CBT) group in reducing self-stigma for people with mental illness in Chinese society. In this study, a quasi-experimental research method was adopted involving 71 people with mental illness receiving community-based mental health services. In total, 33 treatment group participants were assigned to a 10-session CBT group, while 38 control group particip…
Psychoeducation Group on Improving Quality of Life of Mild Cognitive Impaired Elderly
Purpose: This research study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducation group, which is founded on an Eastern approach to health care, in improving the quality of life of Chinese people with mild cognitive impairment (PwMCI). Method: In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 40 Chinese PwMCI were randomly assigned to either a 10-session psychoeducation group or the control group. Results: A paired sample t test indicated that the treat…
The effects of a community mental health intervention project upon family caregivers of persons with suspected mental illness in the Chinese cultural context
Family members play an important role in caregiving with more emphasis on early intervention for people suffering from mental illness. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, this study examines the effects of a community mental health intervention project (CoMHIP) on burdens of caregivers who have family members with suspected mental illness. Results showed that family caregivers’ burden and psychological stress level had been reduced (…
Coping with bereavement of widows in the Chinese cultural context of Hong Kong
Although Hong Kong has developed into a Westernized city, many widows still feel the strong pull of cultural demands in coping with the loss of their husbands. The purpose of this study was to explore how Chinese women in Hong Kong cope with bereavement and widowhood. Results reveal that the coping methods of the 26 participants are pragmatic and culturally dependent, and can be grouped into four categories, namely, remaining lonely and stigmatiz…
Spirituality and Quality of Life for Chinese People with Severe Mental Illness
This study explores spirituality in relation to quality of life for Chinese people with severe mental illness whose spiritual orientations are either similar to or different from Western traditions. 117 Chinese people with severe mental illness who were involved in community‐based supportive services in Hong Kong completed self‐administered questionnaires on spirituality and quality of life. Spirituality was found positively related to individual…
Coping with bereavement of widows in the Chinese cultural context of Hong Kong
Although Hong Kong has developed into a Westernized city, many widows still feel the strong pull of cultural demands in coping with the loss of their husbands. The purpose of this study was to explore how Chinese women in Hong Kong cope with bereavement and widowhood. Results reveal that the coping methods of the 26 participants are pragmatic and culturally dependent, and can be grouped into four categories, namely, remaining lonely and stigmatiz…
Ways of coping of Chinese caregivers for family members with schizophrenia in two metropolitan cities: Guangzhou and Hong Kong, China
BACKGROUND: In Chinese societies, family caregivers play an important role in the recovery of persons with serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia. While family caregivers are often invaluable sources of caregiving in the community, a majority of them lack adequate knowledge and support skills to cope with the tasks involved. AIMS: This study compares the coping strategies and psychological health of caregivers for family members with schiz…
Validity and Reliability of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (Cantonese)
Purpose: This study aims to translate and test the reliability and validity of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness-Cantonese (ISMI-C). Methods: The original English version of ISMI is translated into the ISMI-C by going through forward and backward translation procedure. A cross-sectional research design is adopted that involved 295 participants randomly drawn from a population of Chinese consumers participated in different kinds of communi…
The prevalence and predictors of self-stigma of individuals with mental health illness in two Chinese cities
BACKGROUND: Although self-stigma is found to have adverse effects on the lives of persons with mental illness, little is known on the self-stigma of these individuals in Chinese societies. OBJECTIVE: This research study explores the prevalence rate and predicting factors of self-stigma of consumers in two Chinese cities, Hong Kong and Guangzhou. METHODS: A cross-sectional research design is adopted which involves a random sample of 266 consumers …
Validity and Reliability of Recovery Assessment Scale for Cantonese Speaking Chinese Consumers with Mental Illness
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group for Reducing Self-Stigma for People With Mental Illness
This research project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapeutic (CBT) group in reducing self-stigma for people with mental illness in Chinese society. In this study, a quasi-experimental research method was adopted involving 71 people with mental illness receiving community-based mental health services. In total, 33 treatment group participants were assigned to a 10-session CBT group, while 38 control group particip…
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention on Acculturation: A Study of Students in Hong Kong from Mainland China
Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI) in improving mental health and promoting postmigration growth for Mainland university students in Hong Kong. Methods: Thirty-six Mainland students with mild-to-moderate levels of psychological distress have completed a 8-session CBI group. Various mental health measures have been administered at the pre-, post-, and 3-month follow-up tests. Results: …
Psychoeducation Group on Improving Quality of Life of Mild Cognitive Impaired Elderly
Purpose: This research study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducation group, which is founded on an Eastern approach to health care, in improving the quality of life of Chinese people with mild cognitive impairment (PwMCI). Method: In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 40 Chinese PwMCI were randomly assigned to either a 10-session psychoeducation group or the control group. Results: A paired sample t test indicated that the treat…
The effects of a community mental health intervention project upon family caregivers of persons with suspected mental illness in the Chinese cultural context
Family members play an important role in caregiving with more emphasis on early intervention for people suffering from mental illness. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, this study examines the effects of a community mental health intervention project (CoMHIP) on burdens of caregivers who have family members with suspected mental illness. Results showed that family caregivers’ burden and psychological stress level had been reduced (…
Effects of Physical Activity Intervention for Chinese People With Severe Mental Illness
Purpose: This research project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a physical activity (PA) intervention model for people with severe mental illness in a Chinese society. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study. In addition to treatment-as-usual (TAU), the treatment group ( n = 52) participated in a supervised jogging activity twice a week for a total of eight sessions, followed by four sessions of psychoeducation on nutr…
A Vocational Recovery Model for Young People With Mental Illness: A Pretest–Posttest
Purpose: This research project aims to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a vocational recovery model promoting both vocational and personal recovery for young people with mental illness. Methods: In this study, a one group pre–posttest design was conducted, involving 37 young people with mental illness who received a vocational recovery program that consisted of a psychoeducation group on recovery, social skills and job-related skills train…
Predictors of Personal Recovery of People with Severe Mental Illness in a Chinese Society: A Cross-Sectional Study with a Random Sample
Destigmatized Group Intervention on Promoting Hope of Recovery: A Quasi-Experiment Study
Objective: This research project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a destigmatized group intervention in promoting hope of recovery for adults with mental illness. Methods: A quasi-experimental research method was adopted. In addition to treatment as usual (TAU), the treatment group ( n = 36) participated in a 10-session destigmatized group intervention, which was based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), while the control group ( n = 42) …
Outcomes of Expanded Cognitive Stimulation Therapy Group for Mild-Stage Dementia: Four-Month Follow-Up
Purposes: This research aims to report the results of a 4-month follow-up study of an expanded cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) group that combines CST and Tai Chi on improving the cognitive abilities of community-dwelling Chinese elderly with mild-stage dementia (EwMD). Methods: Two-group pretest–posttest design was adopted in this study, involving 101 Chinese community-dwelling EwMD who had completed an expanded CST group conducted at a loca…
Self-Stigma Reduction Group for People With Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) on reducing self-stigma in Chinese people with depression. Methods: By adopting a randomized controlled trial design, 62 participants with clinical depression were randomly assigned to a 10-session CBT or treatment as usual. Standardized assessment tools were used to assess the self-stigma and depressive symptoms in the pre- and posttreatment periods by a …
A Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Objective This study aimed to evaluate a culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) group for Chinese people with depression that aimed to alter participants’ negative beliefs of themselves, which were influenced by traditional Chinese cultural values. Method In this randomized controlled trial, 43 participants diagnosed with depression were randomly allocated to a 10-session culturally adapted CBT group or treatment as usual (TAU). A re…
Feasibility of Self-Guided Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for University Students During Covid-19
Objective: This study aimed to test the feasibility and efficacy of a self-guided online cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT) for university students in Hong Kong during COVID-19. Method: One group pre-post-test design with convenient sampling was adopted in this study, involving 84 university students who received a newly developed iCBT within an 8 week intervention period. The iCBT offered eight online modules for students to learn the skills of …
Feasibility of Supported Education for Youth with Mental Illness in Hong Kong
Background: Youth with mental illness face many challenges in educational attainment, including a high school dropout rate. Objectives: This study aims to explore the feasibility of a supported education program for youth with mental illness in Hong Kong. Research Method: Mixed research method was conducted. The quantitative study adopted one group pre- and posttest design involving 34 participants, while the qualitative study involved conducting…
Facilitating Personal Recovery Through Mindfulness-Based Intervention Among People With Mental Illness
Purpose: This pre-pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI, “REMIND1.0”) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Twenty mental health service users were allocated to either 8 weekly mixed-mode MBI ( n = 10) or treatment-as-usual (TAU) ( n = 10). Results: There were significant interactions between group and time (baseline T0, post-intervention T1, and 1-month follow-up T2) across all quantitative outco…
Telephone-Supported Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for People With Depression: Users’ Perspective
Background Little is known from the perspective of service users on the quality and benefits of receiving telephone counseling in a guided Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT). Purpose This study aimed to investigate, from the user’s perspective, the feasibility, quality, and benefits of a telephone-supported iCBT which provided eight self-learned online modules and weekly telephone counseling from a social worker for people with de…
A multi-site randomized controlled trial of a brief daily workplace well-being program for community mental health workers —an integrative body-mind-spirit approach
A brief daily body-mind-spirit (BMS) workplace well-being program has been developed for community mental health workers (CMHW). Aiming to evaluate the program’s efficacy, this study adopted a multi-site randomized controlled trial design. Primary outcome measures included work engagement and burnout. The data analysis included 175 participants. ANOVA revealed significant group x time interaction effects on work engagement (η2 = 0.037, p = 0.039)…
Guided Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Community Residents with Emotional Distress during the Covid-19 Pandemic
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a guided online mindfulness-based intervention (iMBI) for community residents experiencing emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. In a randomized controlled trial, 64 participants were recruited from collaborating community-based mental health service units in Hong Kong and assigned to either the treatment (n = 32) or control (n = 32) groups. The treatment group received a guided i…
Effect of a blended indoor and outdoor multicomponent structured exercise on depressive symptoms in Hong Kong older adults: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
This trial is prospectively registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial registration number NCT06190327 registered 19 December 2023
Multicomponent Intervention on Improving Cognitive Impairment: Randomized Control Trial with 6-Month Follow-Up
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 16-session multicomponent intervention to improve the cognitive abilities of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through the promotion of healthy lifestyle, cognitive skills, tai chi, and mindfulness exercises delivered by a social worker 6 months after the intervention. Method: This study was a 6-month follow-up of a pilot randomized controlled trial of 57 community-dw…
Psychology (27 works) · Psychiatry (26 works) · Clinical Psychology (25 works) · Medicine (25 works) · Clinical Psychology (24 works) · Mental health (17 works) · Cognition (12 works) · Mental illness (11 works) · Family Caregiving in Mental Illness (10 works) · Intervention (counseling (10 works)