J Chu
Biographic Data
| ID | 44595 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J Chu |
| GIVEN NAMES | J |
| FAMILY NAME | Chu |
| SIGNATURE | CHU J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Columbia University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2702-470X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 38 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
The place of deemed fulfilment of condition
Where, on the face of a contract, the existence of a debt is conditional on the occurrence of a particular fact, and that fact has not occurred, because the person who promised payment has prevented it from occurring, does the debt arise nevertheless on the notion that the condition is then to be deemed fulfilled? In King Crude Carriers SA v Ridgebury November LLC , 1 a unanimous Court of Appeal, reversing the judge, endorsed the effect of that n…
How Beneficiaries Become Sources of Normative Control
Organizations can motivate and coordinate work by socializing members to internalize organizational values. Existing theories posit that organizations achieve normative control through encapsulation, wherein peers and managers are primary sources of members’ socialization. Drawing on ethnographic data from a not-for-profit school, I show how an external actor—beneficiaries—can become a source of normative control. I develop a multistage process t…
How Americans Judge
Despite research on differences in moral logics across demographic categories, the overall community structure in how Americans share standards of judgment, and hence a fundamental basis for categorical inequalities, remains unclear. To identify communities of shared moral logics, we inductively code judgments in interview transcripts from a probability sample of Americans. We then identify clusters in a network induced by similarities in how Ame…
How to design and conduct a megastudy
Clarity from Violence? Intragroup Aggression and the Structure of Status Hierarchies
Status hierarchies are fundamental forms of social order that structure peer interactions like intragroup aggression. The reciprocal relationship, however, remains unclear. Does intragroup aggression strengthen, or weaken, status hierarchies? Under what conditions? To answer these questions, I analyze an original dataset containing victimization and directed friendship networks of 8,229 adolescents across 256 classes and three semesters. Measurin…
Labor conflict within foreign, domestic, and Chinese-owned manufacturing firms in Ethiopia
Elite party cues increase vaccination intentions among Republicans
Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic requires motivating the vast majority of Americans to get vaccinated. However, vaccination rates have become politically polarized, and a substantial proportion of Republicans have remained vaccine hesitant for months. Here, we explore how endorsements by party elites affect Republicans’ COVID-19 vaccination intentions and attitudes. In a preregistered survey experiment ( n = 1,480), we varied whether self-identif…
Cameras of Merit or Engines of Inequality? College Ranking Systems and the Enrollment of Disadvantaged Students
The expansion of ranking systems has increased public access to information about organizations, but there is burgeoning concern that rankings reduce the accessibility of goods and services for individuals from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds. The evidence and underlying theory for this claim, however, remain unclear. This article develops two possibilities: (1) positional advantage, where rankings increase demand for better-ranked organiz…
Stuck in Place? A Field Experiment on the Effects of Reputational Information on Student Evaluations
Studies suggest that students’ prior performance can shape subsequent teacher evaluations, but the magnitude of reputational effects and their implications for educational inequality remain unclear. Existing scholarship presents two major perspectives that exist in tension: do teachers primarily use reputational information as a temporary signal that is subsequently updated in response to actual student performance? Or do teachers primarily use r…
Generating a Violent Insurgency
The origins of the armed warfare between rebel alliances that spread across China in the late 1960s have long been obscure. This historical puzzle poses two distinct but interrelated questions: first, how and why did rebel factions form, and second, why did armed warfare follow? The authors develop a theory of political orientations as a product of contingent interactions among rebel groups and military units after the collapse of local governmen…
Stereotype Threat and Educational Tracking
Educational tracks create differential expectations of student ability, raising concerns that the negative stereotypes associated with lower tracks might threaten student performance. The authors test this concern by drawing on a field experiment enrolling 11,624 Chinese vocational high school students, half of whom were randomly primed about their tracks before taking technical skill and math exams. As in almost all countries, Chinese students a…
Can Social–Emotional Learning Reduce School Dropout in Developing Countries
An alarming number of students drop out of junior high school in developing countries. In this study, we examine the impacts of providing a social–emotional learning (SEL) program on the dropout behavior and learning anxiety of students in the first two years of junior high. We do so by analyzing data from a randomized controlled trial involving 70 junior high schools and 7,495 students in rural China. After eight months, the SEL program reduces …
China’s Left-Behind Children
China's rapid development and urbanization have induced large numbers of rural residents to migrate from their homes to urban areas in search of better job opportunities. Parents typically leave their children behind with a caregiver, creating a new, potentially vulnerable subpopulation of left-behind children in rural areas. A growing number of policies and nongovernmental organization efforts target these children. The primary objective of this…
Mental health and dropout behavior
Junior high dropout rates are up to 25% in poor, rural areas of China. Although existing studies have examined how factors such as high tuition and opportunity costs contribute to dropout, fewer studies have explored the relationship between dropout rates and mental health in rural China. The overall goal of this study is to examine the relationship between dropout and mental health problems in rural Chinese junior high schools. Correlational ana…
Exploring the dropout rates and causes of dropout in upper-secondary technical and vocational education and training (TVET) schools in China
Policymakers in many developing countries regard upper-secondary technical and vocational education and training (TVET) as a key element in economic growth and poverty reduction. Unfortunately, there is evidence that upper-secondary TVET programs in developing countries experience high rates of dropout. The overall goal of this study is to examine the dropout rates and reasons for dropout among upper-secondary TVET students in China. To meet this…
The Impacts of Building Elite High Schools for Students from Disadvantaged Areas
Although thousands of studies in developing countries have evaluated whether specific interventions improve the educational outcomes of disadvantaged students, few have focused on comprehensive reforms. The goal of this study is to examine how a comprehensive package of demand- and supply-side educational interventions—namely, the building of free, elite high schools targeted toward students from poor areas—affects the educational outcomes of dis…
Giving kids a head start
We estimate the impact of two early commitment of financial aid (ECFA) programs—one at the start and one near the end of junior high school (seventh and ninth grades, respectively)—on the outcomes of poor, rural junior high students in China. Our results demonstrate that neither of the ECFA programs has a substantive effect. We find that the ninth-grade program had at most only a small (and likely negligible) effect on matriculation to high schoo…
Induced abortion and the risk of subsequent ectopic pregnancy
This study assessed the effect of legal induced abortion on ectopic pregnancy risk by using a comparison group of reproductive-age women who were at risk of becoming pregnant during the same time period the women with ectopic pregnancy conceived. Cases were members of Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound who were hospitalized for ectopic pregnancy from October 1981 through September 1986 (N = 211). Controls were randomly selected members match…
Studying patterns of cancer care
Records of hospital inpatients were abstracted for 5,000 newly diagnosed cancer patients admitted in 1982-83 to 17 Comprehensive Cancer Centers and 17 Community Hospital Oncology Programs. Generally available data items (silent record rate less than 5 per cent for the typical institution) included: age, race, sex, dates of hospitalization, zip code of residence, pathological stage, dates of biopsy and surgery, numbers of nodes examined and positi…
The Gathering of News about China
Linden Hills Edition
Cameras of Merit or Engines of Inequality? College Ranking Systems and the Enrollment of Disadvantaged Students
The expansion of ranking systems has increased public access to information about organizations, but there is burgeoning concern that rankings reduce the accessibility of goods and services for individuals from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds. The evidence and underlying theory for this claim, however, remain unclear. This article develops two possibilities: (1) positional advantage, where rankings increase demand for better-ranked organiz…
Can Social–Emotional Learning Reduce School Dropout in Developing Countries
An alarming number of students drop out of junior high school in developing countries. In this study, we examine the impacts of providing a social–emotional learning (SEL) program on the dropout behavior and learning anxiety of students in the first two years of junior high. We do so by analyzing data from a randomized controlled trial involving 70 junior high schools and 7,495 students in rural China. After eight months, the SEL program reduces …
Mental health and dropout behavior
Junior high dropout rates are up to 25% in poor, rural areas of China. Although existing studies have examined how factors such as high tuition and opportunity costs contribute to dropout, fewer studies have explored the relationship between dropout rates and mental health in rural China. The overall goal of this study is to examine the relationship between dropout and mental health problems in rural Chinese junior high schools. Correlational ana…
Giving kids a head start
We estimate the impact of two early commitment of financial aid (ECFA) programs—one at the start and one near the end of junior high school (seventh and ninth grades, respectively)—on the outcomes of poor, rural junior high students in China. Our results demonstrate that neither of the ECFA programs has a substantive effect. We find that the ninth-grade program had at most only a small (and likely negligible) effect on matriculation to high schoo…
Studying patterns of cancer care
Records of hospital inpatients were abstracted for 5,000 newly diagnosed cancer patients admitted in 1982-83 to 17 Comprehensive Cancer Centers and 17 Community Hospital Oncology Programs. Generally available data items (silent record rate less than 5 per cent for the typical institution) included: age, race, sex, dates of hospitalization, zip code of residence, pathological stage, dates of biopsy and surgery, numbers of nodes examined and positi…
Labor conflict within foreign, domestic, and Chinese-owned manufacturing firms in Ethiopia
Exploring the dropout rates and causes of dropout in upper-secondary technical and vocational education and training (TVET) schools in China
Policymakers in many developing countries regard upper-secondary technical and vocational education and training (TVET) as a key element in economic growth and poverty reduction. Unfortunately, there is evidence that upper-secondary TVET programs in developing countries experience high rates of dropout. The overall goal of this study is to examine the dropout rates and reasons for dropout among upper-secondary TVET students in China. To meet this…
Induced abortion and the risk of subsequent ectopic pregnancy
This study assessed the effect of legal induced abortion on ectopic pregnancy risk by using a comparison group of reproductive-age women who were at risk of becoming pregnant during the same time period the women with ectopic pregnancy conceived. Cases were members of Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound who were hospitalized for ectopic pregnancy from October 1981 through September 1986 (N = 211). Controls were randomly selected members match…
Clarity from Violence? Intragroup Aggression and the Structure of Status Hierarchies
Status hierarchies are fundamental forms of social order that structure peer interactions like intragroup aggression. The reciprocal relationship, however, remains unclear. Does intragroup aggression strengthen, or weaken, status hierarchies? Under what conditions? To answer these questions, I analyze an original dataset containing victimization and directed friendship networks of 8,229 adolescents across 256 classes and three semesters. Measurin…
How Americans Judge
Despite research on differences in moral logics across demographic categories, the overall community structure in how Americans share standards of judgment, and hence a fundamental basis for categorical inequalities, remains unclear. To identify communities of shared moral logics, we inductively code judgments in interview transcripts from a probability sample of Americans. We then identify clusters in a network induced by similarities in how Ame…
Generating a Violent Insurgency
The origins of the armed warfare between rebel alliances that spread across China in the late 1960s have long been obscure. This historical puzzle poses two distinct but interrelated questions: first, how and why did rebel factions form, and second, why did armed warfare follow? The authors develop a theory of political orientations as a product of contingent interactions among rebel groups and military units after the collapse of local governmen…
The Gathering of News about China
The Gathering of News about China
Studying patterns of cancer care
Records of hospital inpatients were abstracted for 5,000 newly diagnosed cancer patients admitted in 1982-83 to 17 Comprehensive Cancer Centers and 17 Community Hospital Oncology Programs. Generally available data items (silent record rate less than 5 per cent for the typical institution) included: age, race, sex, dates of hospitalization, zip code of residence, pathological stage, dates of biopsy and surgery, numbers of nodes examined and positi…
Induced abortion and the risk of subsequent ectopic pregnancy
This study assessed the effect of legal induced abortion on ectopic pregnancy risk by using a comparison group of reproductive-age women who were at risk of becoming pregnant during the same time period the women with ectopic pregnancy conceived. Cases were members of Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound who were hospitalized for ectopic pregnancy from October 1981 through September 1986 (N = 211). Controls were randomly selected members match…
Giving kids a head start
We estimate the impact of two early commitment of financial aid (ECFA) programs—one at the start and one near the end of junior high school (seventh and ninth grades, respectively)—on the outcomes of poor, rural junior high students in China. Our results demonstrate that neither of the ECFA programs has a substantive effect. We find that the ninth-grade program had at most only a small (and likely negligible) effect on matriculation to high schoo…
China’s Left-Behind Children
China's rapid development and urbanization have induced large numbers of rural residents to migrate from their homes to urban areas in search of better job opportunities. Parents typically leave their children behind with a caregiver, creating a new, potentially vulnerable subpopulation of left-behind children in rural areas. A growing number of policies and nongovernmental organization efforts target these children. The primary objective of this…
Mental health and dropout behavior
Junior high dropout rates are up to 25% in poor, rural areas of China. Although existing studies have examined how factors such as high tuition and opportunity costs contribute to dropout, fewer studies have explored the relationship between dropout rates and mental health in rural China. The overall goal of this study is to examine the relationship between dropout and mental health problems in rural Chinese junior high schools. Correlational ana…
Exploring the dropout rates and causes of dropout in upper-secondary technical and vocational education and training (TVET) schools in China
Policymakers in many developing countries regard upper-secondary technical and vocational education and training (TVET) as a key element in economic growth and poverty reduction. Unfortunately, there is evidence that upper-secondary TVET programs in developing countries experience high rates of dropout. The overall goal of this study is to examine the dropout rates and reasons for dropout among upper-secondary TVET students in China. To meet this…
The Impacts of Building Elite High Schools for Students from Disadvantaged Areas
Although thousands of studies in developing countries have evaluated whether specific interventions improve the educational outcomes of disadvantaged students, few have focused on comprehensive reforms. The goal of this study is to examine how a comprehensive package of demand- and supply-side educational interventions—namely, the building of free, elite high schools targeted toward students from poor areas—affects the educational outcomes of dis…
Can Social–Emotional Learning Reduce School Dropout in Developing Countries
An alarming number of students drop out of junior high school in developing countries. In this study, we examine the impacts of providing a social–emotional learning (SEL) program on the dropout behavior and learning anxiety of students in the first two years of junior high. We do so by analyzing data from a randomized controlled trial involving 70 junior high schools and 7,495 students in rural China. After eight months, the SEL program reduces …
Stereotype Threat and Educational Tracking
Educational tracks create differential expectations of student ability, raising concerns that the negative stereotypes associated with lower tracks might threaten student performance. The authors test this concern by drawing on a field experiment enrolling 11,624 Chinese vocational high school students, half of whom were randomly primed about their tracks before taking technical skill and math exams. As in almost all countries, Chinese students a…
Stuck in Place? A Field Experiment on the Effects of Reputational Information on Student Evaluations
Studies suggest that students’ prior performance can shape subsequent teacher evaluations, but the magnitude of reputational effects and their implications for educational inequality remain unclear. Existing scholarship presents two major perspectives that exist in tension: do teachers primarily use reputational information as a temporary signal that is subsequently updated in response to actual student performance? Or do teachers primarily use r…
Generating a Violent Insurgency
The origins of the armed warfare between rebel alliances that spread across China in the late 1960s have long been obscure. This historical puzzle poses two distinct but interrelated questions: first, how and why did rebel factions form, and second, why did armed warfare follow? The authors develop a theory of political orientations as a product of contingent interactions among rebel groups and military units after the collapse of local governmen…
Elite party cues increase vaccination intentions among Republicans
Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic requires motivating the vast majority of Americans to get vaccinated. However, vaccination rates have become politically polarized, and a substantial proportion of Republicans have remained vaccine hesitant for months. Here, we explore how endorsements by party elites affect Republicans’ COVID-19 vaccination intentions and attitudes. In a preregistered survey experiment ( n = 1,480), we varied whether self-identif…
Cameras of Merit or Engines of Inequality? College Ranking Systems and the Enrollment of Disadvantaged Students
The expansion of ranking systems has increased public access to information about organizations, but there is burgeoning concern that rankings reduce the accessibility of goods and services for individuals from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds. The evidence and underlying theory for this claim, however, remain unclear. This article develops two possibilities: (1) positional advantage, where rankings increase demand for better-ranked organiz…
Labor conflict within foreign, domestic, and Chinese-owned manufacturing firms in Ethiopia
Clarity from Violence? Intragroup Aggression and the Structure of Status Hierarchies
Status hierarchies are fundamental forms of social order that structure peer interactions like intragroup aggression. The reciprocal relationship, however, remains unclear. Does intragroup aggression strengthen, or weaken, status hierarchies? Under what conditions? To answer these questions, I analyze an original dataset containing victimization and directed friendship networks of 8,229 adolescents across 256 classes and three semesters. Measurin…
Linden Hills Edition
How Beneficiaries Become Sources of Normative Control
Organizations can motivate and coordinate work by socializing members to internalize organizational values. Existing theories posit that organizations achieve normative control through encapsulation, wherein peers and managers are primary sources of members’ socialization. Drawing on ethnographic data from a not-for-profit school, I show how an external actor—beneficiaries—can become a source of normative control. I develop a multistage process t…
How Americans Judge
Despite research on differences in moral logics across demographic categories, the overall community structure in how Americans share standards of judgment, and hence a fundamental basis for categorical inequalities, remains unclear. To identify communities of shared moral logics, we inductively code judgments in interview transcripts from a probability sample of Americans. We then identify clusters in a network induced by similarities in how Ame…
How to design and conduct a megastudy
The place of deemed fulfilment of condition
Where, on the face of a contract, the existence of a debt is conditional on the occurrence of a particular fact, and that fact has not occurred, because the person who promised payment has prevented it from occurring, does the debt arise nevertheless on the notion that the condition is then to be deemed fulfilled? In King Crude Carriers SA v Ridgebury November LLC , 1 a unanimous Court of Appeal, reversing the judge, endorsed the effect of that n…
Psychology (12 works) · Political science (11 works) · China (9 works) · Medicine (8 works) · Economics (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Economic growth (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Law (5 works)