Richard Kozul-Wright
Biographic Data
| ID | 4501239 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard Kozul-Wright |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard |
| FAMILY NAME | Kozul-Wright |
| SIGNATURE | KOZUL-WRIGHT R |
| AFFILIATIONS | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 3 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 31 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Case for a New Bretton Woods
Successes and Failures of Industrial Policy in Transition Economies of Europe and Asia
This chapter discusses the achievements and failures of various models of industrial policy in post-communist countries. If industrial policy is needed, how are industries that have to be supported to be selected? What are the appropriate tools/instruments to support particular industries? Eastern European countries in general did not have any explicit industrial policy, either via tax concessions and/or subsidies, or via under/overpricing the ex…
Industrial Policies in the BRICS
This chapter discusses industrial policy in the BRICS. It contributes to the literature in three ways. First, by approaching the BRICS as a single entity, it documents the gradual buy-in to the concept of BRICS by the participating countries, and their efforts at strengthening collaboration, including on industrial development matters. Second, it corroborates that differences in individual development paths influence the expected contribution of …
Latin American Industrial Policies: A Comparative Perspective
This chapter analyses the evolution of industrial policy in the four largest Latin American economies—Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Colombia—using Korea as a benchmark. Three phases in industrial policy and industrial transformation are identified: a period of state-led industrialization between the end of the Second World War and around 1980, which came to an end with the debt crisis of the 1980s; the 1990s, when the region abandoned industrial…
Globalization Narratives and Industrial Policy
Competing narratives of globalization constitute parameters that both constrain industrial policymaking and provide opportunities to negotiate alternatives. Such representations of globalization are powerful precisely because they can become objectified as policy. They are also compelling because the literature on industrial policy has so far largely left them out. Focusing on the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), this chapt…
Greening Industrial Policy
The scope of industrial policy is broadened in this chapter to encompass energy, materials, and finance. Given the unprecedented scale of the industrialization of India, China, and the late latecomers in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the traditional options of fossil fuels, linear economy, and generic finance have been found wanting, for reasons of immediate environmental spoliation but also to do with countries running up against geopolitical…
Industrial Policy and Industrialization in South East Asia
The latecomer industrialization thesis has acted as a powerful instrument in promoting industrialization. However, there is little explanation in the literature as to why some economies that attempted to industrialize are facing premature de-industrialization. This chapter provides an assessment of industrialization in the South East Asian market economies of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, examining policies that s…
Grand Challenges, Industrial Policy, and Public Value
Policymakers are increasingly embracing the idea of using industrial and innovation policy to tackle societal ‘grand challenges’ such as the climate emergency. In this article we argue that challenge-led policies require a new conceptual and analytical framework that has at its core the idea of confronting the direction of growth—growth that is, for example, more inclusive and sustainable. Such framework should focus on public value creation thro…
The European Union’s Industrial Policy
This chapter reviews the industrial policy in the European Union in the light of the revived interest in the subject and the most pressing challenges ahead. In the current global context these challenges are (i) to keep pace at the technology frontier with the technologically most advanced economies; (ii) to meet the challenges of fast catching-up emerging economies; (iii) to contribute to the convergence and cohesion processes within the Europea…
Global Value Chains and Regionally Coordinated Industrial Policy: The Case of Asean
The well-documented failures of the liberal policy regimes of the period 1980–2007 to generate sustained economic growth and development have led in the past ten years to a renewed interest in industrial policy. The re-emergence of industrial policy occurs in a new world of well-developed GVCs in major industries with integrated regional economies. This chapter assesses the success of industrial policy in this context by considering the case of t…
The Theory and Practice of Industrial Policy
This chapter reviews the theory and practice of industrial policy, focusing on three key themes. First, it presents industrial policy as a vehicle by which manufacturing (and other dynamic and high-productivity services and agricultural activities that share technological and linkage spillovers) drives structural change. It also underlines the strategic role of exports, especially as a source of international learning and relaxing balance-of-paym…
European Industrial Policy: A Comparative Perspective
This chapter examines industrial policy implemented in European countries across time, especially after the Second World War and in recent years. It briefly shows that industrialization never occurs without strong supporting industrial policy to provide the enabling conditions for the deep structural changes involved, such as infrastructure and capabilities, especially human capital. Industrialization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is…
Enterprises and Industrial Policy: Firm-based Perspectives
This chapter considers the central role of firm strategies in industrial policy. It focuses, in particular, on large firms which can make investments to realize economies of scale and scope, coordinate clusters of suppliers, and build capabilities. The main schools of thought addressing the theory of the firm and the development of productive capabilities are reviewed, especially with reference to the resource-based theory of the firm. Large firm…
Industrial Policies, Patterns of Learning, and Development: An Evolutionary Perspective
This work discusses the role of industrial policies within an evolutionary view of innovation and learning as drivers of economic development. Building on the notions of technological paradigms and trajectories, it links the processes of catching up with the dynamics of capability accumulation within and across firms. Technological paradigms provide a structure to the knowledge embodied in individual and, even more importantly, in organizational …
Technological Disruptions, GVCs, and Industrial Policy
This chapter examines the impact of technological change on global value chains (GVCs) and what initiatives and instruments governments in advanced economies can deploy to support firms and people during the transition. Drawing on an emerging debate on de-globalization , we discuss how global production is slowly shifting from being organized in GVCs to continental platforms with shorter and geographically closer relationships as firms seek to co…
Neoclassical Economic Perspectives on Industrial Policy
Conventional welfare economics has always recognized that the real world is characterized by market imperfections, which provide a rationale for policy intervention. The early analysis of this focused on tax-subsidy solutions and the implications of domestic ‘distortions’ for the case for free trade. The full implications of market imperfections for policy were brought out clearly in the early 1970s by Corden’s concept of the ‘policy hierarchy’. …
The Political Economy of Industrialization and Industrial Policy in Africa, 1960‒2018
This chapter examines industrial policy (IP) in Africa from late colonial times to the present. It focuses on explanations of the failure of African countries to transcend the first stage of import substitution and effect the structural transformation of their economies. These explanations lie in the nature of a country’s power relations, their interaction with foreign capital and international institutions, and their effect on the ability of the…
Phases and Uneven Experiences in African Industrial Policy
The chapter examines the challenges of implementing industrial policy in selected sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries with a particular focus on raising the capabilities of locally owned firms. Under hyper-globalization, entry even into the lowest rungs of global value chains is challenging, as reflected by Ethiopia’s efforts to enter apparel production and Kenya’s and Rwanda’s experience with global value chains in knowledge-based services. Nige…
Macro-Policy, Labour Markets, and Industrial Policy
Debates on industrialization and industrial policy have historically had a supply-side bias: development planners focused on strengthening inter-industry linkages, mobilizing savings to finance investment, and the accumulation of technological knowledge. Aggregate demand was expected to accommodate and even facilitate the structural change brought about by the industrialization process. However, botched industrialization experiences in South East…
Radical Perspectives on Industrial Policy
This chapter surveys, evaluates, and develops radical perspectives on industrial policy. We examine the differences between mainstream and heterodox approaches to economic and industrial development, and we look at the similarities and differences between structuralist and Marxist approaches. We argue that Marx’s concern is not with sectors but with value and the overall circuit of capital. Radical industrial policy foregrounds class and capitali…
Industrial Policy and Gender Inclusivity
The economics of development and structural change highlight the importance of industrialization as a means for countries to move from poverty to higher living standards and well-being. Industrial policy—that is, an articulated path to industrialization and the production of higher valued-added goods and services—is a means to achieve that goal. A key question is how to make industrial policy gender-inclusive. This chapter begins by identifying g…
Industrial Policy, Macroeconomics, and Structural Change
The main argument of this chapter is that the key to rapid economic growth is the dynamic efficiency of economic structures, defined as their capacity to generate new waves of innovative activities. After reviewing the empirical literature that confirms this view, the chapter argues that the dynamics of production structures may be visualized as the interaction between two basic forces: innovations (broadly defined) and the learning processes ass…
Post-war American Industrial Policy: Market Myths and Production Realities
Why did the post-war US industrial heartland suffer severe de-industrialization despite its pivotal and recent contribution to the victory of the Allies in the Second World War? This is the question that motivates my chapter. The argument is that the US manufacturing system that won the war came under threat from two existential challenges. The first was the emergence of more advanced production systems abroad, exemplified by Japan and Germany. B…
The Political Economy of Development Banking
Because protectionism is now less relevant for supporting learning and innovation, development banking has assumed a greater role in industrial policy. This chapter presents the economic reasoning as to why state-sponsored development banking corrects market failures and creates productive capacities. Drawing on case studies, it explores how development banking enhances firm capacities to learn and innovate while also enhancing the technical capa…
National Champions, Reforms, and Industrial Policy in China
China’s economic reforms since the late 1970s have been characterized by a combination of market-oriented transition and persistent practices of statist industrial policy. A key dimension of China’s industrial policy is to transform and consolidate the backbone of its large state-owned enterprises sector into a group of globally competitive big businesses. The rise of China’s ‘national champions’, defined here as the giant central state-controlle…
International Trade and Carbon Emissions
Successes and Failures of Industrial Policy in Transition Economies of Europe and Asia
This chapter discusses the achievements and failures of various models of industrial policy in post-communist countries. If industrial policy is needed, how are industries that have to be supported to be selected? What are the appropriate tools/instruments to support particular industries? Eastern European countries in general did not have any explicit industrial policy, either via tax concessions and/or subsidies, or via under/overpricing the ex…
Industrial Policies in the BRICS
This chapter discusses industrial policy in the BRICS. It contributes to the literature in three ways. First, by approaching the BRICS as a single entity, it documents the gradual buy-in to the concept of BRICS by the participating countries, and their efforts at strengthening collaboration, including on industrial development matters. Second, it corroborates that differences in individual development paths influence the expected contribution of …
Latin American Industrial Policies: A Comparative Perspective
This chapter analyses the evolution of industrial policy in the four largest Latin American economies—Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Colombia—using Korea as a benchmark. Three phases in industrial policy and industrial transformation are identified: a period of state-led industrialization between the end of the Second World War and around 1980, which came to an end with the debt crisis of the 1980s; the 1990s, when the region abandoned industrial…
Globalization Narratives and Industrial Policy
Competing narratives of globalization constitute parameters that both constrain industrial policymaking and provide opportunities to negotiate alternatives. Such representations of globalization are powerful precisely because they can become objectified as policy. They are also compelling because the literature on industrial policy has so far largely left them out. Focusing on the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), this chapt…
Greening Industrial Policy
The scope of industrial policy is broadened in this chapter to encompass energy, materials, and finance. Given the unprecedented scale of the industrialization of India, China, and the late latecomers in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the traditional options of fossil fuels, linear economy, and generic finance have been found wanting, for reasons of immediate environmental spoliation but also to do with countries running up against geopolitical…
Industrial Policy and Industrialization in South East Asia
The latecomer industrialization thesis has acted as a powerful instrument in promoting industrialization. However, there is little explanation in the literature as to why some economies that attempted to industrialize are facing premature de-industrialization. This chapter provides an assessment of industrialization in the South East Asian market economies of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, examining policies that s…
Grand Challenges, Industrial Policy, and Public Value
Policymakers are increasingly embracing the idea of using industrial and innovation policy to tackle societal ‘grand challenges’ such as the climate emergency. In this article we argue that challenge-led policies require a new conceptual and analytical framework that has at its core the idea of confronting the direction of growth—growth that is, for example, more inclusive and sustainable. Such framework should focus on public value creation thro…
The European Union’s Industrial Policy
This chapter reviews the industrial policy in the European Union in the light of the revived interest in the subject and the most pressing challenges ahead. In the current global context these challenges are (i) to keep pace at the technology frontier with the technologically most advanced economies; (ii) to meet the challenges of fast catching-up emerging economies; (iii) to contribute to the convergence and cohesion processes within the Europea…
Global Value Chains and Regionally Coordinated Industrial Policy: The Case of Asean
The well-documented failures of the liberal policy regimes of the period 1980–2007 to generate sustained economic growth and development have led in the past ten years to a renewed interest in industrial policy. The re-emergence of industrial policy occurs in a new world of well-developed GVCs in major industries with integrated regional economies. This chapter assesses the success of industrial policy in this context by considering the case of t…
The Theory and Practice of Industrial Policy
This chapter reviews the theory and practice of industrial policy, focusing on three key themes. First, it presents industrial policy as a vehicle by which manufacturing (and other dynamic and high-productivity services and agricultural activities that share technological and linkage spillovers) drives structural change. It also underlines the strategic role of exports, especially as a source of international learning and relaxing balance-of-paym…
European Industrial Policy: A Comparative Perspective
This chapter examines industrial policy implemented in European countries across time, especially after the Second World War and in recent years. It briefly shows that industrialization never occurs without strong supporting industrial policy to provide the enabling conditions for the deep structural changes involved, such as infrastructure and capabilities, especially human capital. Industrialization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is…
Enterprises and Industrial Policy: Firm-based Perspectives
This chapter considers the central role of firm strategies in industrial policy. It focuses, in particular, on large firms which can make investments to realize economies of scale and scope, coordinate clusters of suppliers, and build capabilities. The main schools of thought addressing the theory of the firm and the development of productive capabilities are reviewed, especially with reference to the resource-based theory of the firm. Large firm…
Industrial Policies, Patterns of Learning, and Development: An Evolutionary Perspective
This work discusses the role of industrial policies within an evolutionary view of innovation and learning as drivers of economic development. Building on the notions of technological paradigms and trajectories, it links the processes of catching up with the dynamics of capability accumulation within and across firms. Technological paradigms provide a structure to the knowledge embodied in individual and, even more importantly, in organizational …
Technological Disruptions, GVCs, and Industrial Policy
This chapter examines the impact of technological change on global value chains (GVCs) and what initiatives and instruments governments in advanced economies can deploy to support firms and people during the transition. Drawing on an emerging debate on de-globalization , we discuss how global production is slowly shifting from being organized in GVCs to continental platforms with shorter and geographically closer relationships as firms seek to co…
Neoclassical Economic Perspectives on Industrial Policy
Conventional welfare economics has always recognized that the real world is characterized by market imperfections, which provide a rationale for policy intervention. The early analysis of this focused on tax-subsidy solutions and the implications of domestic ‘distortions’ for the case for free trade. The full implications of market imperfections for policy were brought out clearly in the early 1970s by Corden’s concept of the ‘policy hierarchy’. …
The Political Economy of Industrialization and Industrial Policy in Africa, 1960‒2018
This chapter examines industrial policy (IP) in Africa from late colonial times to the present. It focuses on explanations of the failure of African countries to transcend the first stage of import substitution and effect the structural transformation of their economies. These explanations lie in the nature of a country’s power relations, their interaction with foreign capital and international institutions, and their effect on the ability of the…
Phases and Uneven Experiences in African Industrial Policy
The chapter examines the challenges of implementing industrial policy in selected sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries with a particular focus on raising the capabilities of locally owned firms. Under hyper-globalization, entry even into the lowest rungs of global value chains is challenging, as reflected by Ethiopia’s efforts to enter apparel production and Kenya’s and Rwanda’s experience with global value chains in knowledge-based services. Nige…
Macro-Policy, Labour Markets, and Industrial Policy
Debates on industrialization and industrial policy have historically had a supply-side bias: development planners focused on strengthening inter-industry linkages, mobilizing savings to finance investment, and the accumulation of technological knowledge. Aggregate demand was expected to accommodate and even facilitate the structural change brought about by the industrialization process. However, botched industrialization experiences in South East…
Radical Perspectives on Industrial Policy
This chapter surveys, evaluates, and develops radical perspectives on industrial policy. We examine the differences between mainstream and heterodox approaches to economic and industrial development, and we look at the similarities and differences between structuralist and Marxist approaches. We argue that Marx’s concern is not with sectors but with value and the overall circuit of capital. Radical industrial policy foregrounds class and capitali…
Industrial Policy and Gender Inclusivity
The economics of development and structural change highlight the importance of industrialization as a means for countries to move from poverty to higher living standards and well-being. Industrial policy—that is, an articulated path to industrialization and the production of higher valued-added goods and services—is a means to achieve that goal. A key question is how to make industrial policy gender-inclusive. This chapter begins by identifying g…
Industrial Policy, Macroeconomics, and Structural Change
The main argument of this chapter is that the key to rapid economic growth is the dynamic efficiency of economic structures, defined as their capacity to generate new waves of innovative activities. After reviewing the empirical literature that confirms this view, the chapter argues that the dynamics of production structures may be visualized as the interaction between two basic forces: innovations (broadly defined) and the learning processes ass…
Post-war American Industrial Policy: Market Myths and Production Realities
Why did the post-war US industrial heartland suffer severe de-industrialization despite its pivotal and recent contribution to the victory of the Allies in the Second World War? This is the question that motivates my chapter. The argument is that the US manufacturing system that won the war came under threat from two existential challenges. The first was the emergence of more advanced production systems abroad, exemplified by Japan and Germany. B…
The Political Economy of Development Banking
Because protectionism is now less relevant for supporting learning and innovation, development banking has assumed a greater role in industrial policy. This chapter presents the economic reasoning as to why state-sponsored development banking corrects market failures and creates productive capacities. Drawing on case studies, it explores how development banking enhances firm capacities to learn and innovate while also enhancing the technical capa…
National Champions, Reforms, and Industrial Policy in China
China’s economic reforms since the late 1970s have been characterized by a combination of market-oriented transition and persistent practices of statist industrial policy. A key dimension of China’s industrial policy is to transform and consolidate the backbone of its large state-owned enterprises sector into a group of globally competitive big businesses. The rise of China’s ‘national champions’, defined here as the giant central state-controlle…
Economics (31 works) · Industrial policy (26 works) · Political science (22 works) · Market economy (21 works) · Business (20 works) · Economic system (18 works) · International trade (18 works) · Asian Industrial and Economic Development (12 works) · Industrial organization (11 works) · Economy (10 works)