Matthew J Hickman
Biographic Data
| ID | 4508830 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Matthew J Hickman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Matthew J |
| FAMILY NAME | Hickman |
| SIGNATURE | HICKMAN M J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Bureau of Justice Statistics |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2651-685X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 13 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 177 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 13 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Use of vascular neck restraints in law enforcement
The high-profile deaths of Eric Garner and George Floyd have led to legislative actions banning the use of neck restraints by law enforcement officers. The debates behind these policy changes are important, but they are also entirely lacking in any data on the actual use of neck restraints. We write neither to defend nor condemn the use of neck restraints by law enforcement; rather, we seek to provide information to assist with data-driven decisi…
Chapter 21. Democratic Policing
Untested Sexual Assault Kits
A Preliminary Assessment of Small World Scholarship Networks in Criminology and Criminal Justice
The present study applies small world network analysis to 727 articles from Criminology, Justice Quarterly, and the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency to assess scholarship collaboration trends within criminology and criminal justice (CCJ). Findings indicate that CCJ scholars tend to collaborate (versus sole author) on a great number of peer‐reviewed efforts, with several scholars collaborating with well over 10, and as many as 40, uniq…
Unanalyzed evidence in law‐enforcement agencies
Research Summary This study investigated forensic evidence processing in a nationally representative sample of state and local law‐enforcement agencies (n = 3,153). For a 5‐year period, agencies reported that 14% of all unsolved homicides (an estimated 3,975 cases) and 18% of all unsolved rapes (an estimated 27,595 cases) contained forensic evidence that had not been submitted to a forensic crime laboratory for analysis. Approximately 40% of thes…
Toward a National Estimate of Police Use of Nonlethal Force
Research Summary Despite frequent calls for national data on police use of force, the literature is dominated by unrepresentative samples from a small number of primarily urban jurisdictions, inconsistent definitions of force, and differing universes for the computation of rates. Among 36 publications that report on the amount of nonlethal force used by the police, rates vary from 0.1% to 31.8%. To improve our ability to estimate the amount of no…
The validity of Niederhoffer's cynicism scale
Research Briefing
This article discusses approaches to assessing the size of the illicit market for powder cocaine, and the inherent difficulties of this issue. It describes recent attempts to investigate more accurate measures of the prevalence and extent of use than have been available to date. A new approach is suggested in which estimates are derived separately ‐ using separate methodologies for different groups of powder cocaine users, and then summed. The re…
The Validity of a Self-reported Delinquency Scale
Self-reported delinquency scales have been widely adopted by researchers seeking to measure delinquency. Establishing the validity of these scales is critical because if valid measures are not created, findings about the correlates of delinquency will be of limited use in testing theory and formulating public policy. In this article, the authors use data from the first wave of the National Youth Survey to examine the measurement properties of a c…
Applying Rasch modeling to the validity of a control balance scale
Exploring the Relationships Between Gender, Control Balance, and Deviance
Most scholars acknowledge that males are overrepresented in crime statistics, but existing criminological theory has not yet provided a widely accepted explanation of this difference. In this article, we review Tittle's (1995) arguments concerning gender differences in deviant behavior and derive five gender hypotheses from control balance theory. Using data collected specifically for the purpose of operationalizing the control ratio, we examine …
Does Self‐control Affect Survey Response? Applying Exploratory, Confirmatory, and Item Response Theory Analysis to Grasmick Et Al.'s Self‐control Scale
Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) A General Theory of Crime has sparked a great deal of theoretical debate and empirical investigation. Tests of the theory have focused on measuring the core element, the latent trait of self‐control. The majority of this research has used the 24‐item scale developed by Grasmick et al. (1993), and a great deal of attention has been directed at the validity of this scale. Empirical debate revolves around the unidime…
An Empirical Test of Tittle's Control Balance Theory
Classic statements of control theory propose that individuals who are controlled or bonded will be more likely to be deterred from deviance, while those who are not controlled or bonded will be more likely to turn to deviance. In a recent restatement of control theory, Tittle (1995) offers an alternative viewpoint. Though he agrees that a lack of control (a control deficit) can lead to repressive forms of deviance (predation, defiance, and submis…
Does Self‐control Affect Survey Response? Applying Exploratory, Confirmatory, and Item Response Theory Analysis to Grasmick Et Al.'s Self‐control Scale
Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) A General Theory of Crime has sparked a great deal of theoretical debate and empirical investigation. Tests of the theory have focused on measuring the core element, the latent trait of self‐control. The majority of this research has used the 24‐item scale developed by Grasmick et al. (1993), and a great deal of attention has been directed at the validity of this scale. Empirical debate revolves around the unidime…
The Validity of a Self-reported Delinquency Scale
Self-reported delinquency scales have been widely adopted by researchers seeking to measure delinquency. Establishing the validity of these scales is critical because if valid measures are not created, findings about the correlates of delinquency will be of limited use in testing theory and formulating public policy. In this article, the authors use data from the first wave of the National Youth Survey to examine the measurement properties of a c…
Toward a National Estimate of Police Use of Nonlethal Force
Research Summary Despite frequent calls for national data on police use of force, the literature is dominated by unrepresentative samples from a small number of primarily urban jurisdictions, inconsistent definitions of force, and differing universes for the computation of rates. Among 36 publications that report on the amount of nonlethal force used by the police, rates vary from 0.1% to 31.8%. To improve our ability to estimate the amount of no…
Unanalyzed evidence in law‐enforcement agencies
Research Summary This study investigated forensic evidence processing in a nationally representative sample of state and local law‐enforcement agencies (n = 3,153). For a 5‐year period, agencies reported that 14% of all unsolved homicides (an estimated 3,975 cases) and 18% of all unsolved rapes (an estimated 27,595 cases) contained forensic evidence that had not been submitted to a forensic crime laboratory for analysis. Approximately 40% of thes…
Exploring the Relationships Between Gender, Control Balance, and Deviance
Most scholars acknowledge that males are overrepresented in crime statistics, but existing criminological theory has not yet provided a widely accepted explanation of this difference. In this article, we review Tittle's (1995) arguments concerning gender differences in deviant behavior and derive five gender hypotheses from control balance theory. Using data collected specifically for the purpose of operationalizing the control ratio, we examine …
An Empirical Test of Tittle's Control Balance Theory
Classic statements of control theory propose that individuals who are controlled or bonded will be more likely to be deterred from deviance, while those who are not controlled or bonded will be more likely to turn to deviance. In a recent restatement of control theory, Tittle (1995) offers an alternative viewpoint. Though he agrees that a lack of control (a control deficit) can lead to repressive forms of deviance (predation, defiance, and submis…
Applying Rasch modeling to the validity of a control balance scale
Untested Sexual Assault Kits
The validity of Niederhoffer's cynicism scale
An Empirical Test of Tittle's Control Balance Theory
Classic statements of control theory propose that individuals who are controlled or bonded will be more likely to be deterred from deviance, while those who are not controlled or bonded will be more likely to turn to deviance. In a recent restatement of control theory, Tittle (1995) offers an alternative viewpoint. Though he agrees that a lack of control (a control deficit) can lead to repressive forms of deviance (predation, defiance, and submis…
Does Self‐control Affect Survey Response? Applying Exploratory, Confirmatory, and Item Response Theory Analysis to Grasmick Et Al.'s Self‐control Scale
Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) A General Theory of Crime has sparked a great deal of theoretical debate and empirical investigation. Tests of the theory have focused on measuring the core element, the latent trait of self‐control. The majority of this research has used the 24‐item scale developed by Grasmick et al. (1993), and a great deal of attention has been directed at the validity of this scale. Empirical debate revolves around the unidime…
Applying Rasch modeling to the validity of a control balance scale
Exploring the Relationships Between Gender, Control Balance, and Deviance
Most scholars acknowledge that males are overrepresented in crime statistics, but existing criminological theory has not yet provided a widely accepted explanation of this difference. In this article, we review Tittle's (1995) arguments concerning gender differences in deviant behavior and derive five gender hypotheses from control balance theory. Using data collected specifically for the purpose of operationalizing the control ratio, we examine …
The Validity of a Self-reported Delinquency Scale
Self-reported delinquency scales have been widely adopted by researchers seeking to measure delinquency. Establishing the validity of these scales is critical because if valid measures are not created, findings about the correlates of delinquency will be of limited use in testing theory and formulating public policy. In this article, the authors use data from the first wave of the National Youth Survey to examine the measurement properties of a c…
Research Briefing
This article discusses approaches to assessing the size of the illicit market for powder cocaine, and the inherent difficulties of this issue. It describes recent attempts to investigate more accurate measures of the prevalence and extent of use than have been available to date. A new approach is suggested in which estimates are derived separately ‐ using separate methodologies for different groups of powder cocaine users, and then summed. The re…
The validity of Niederhoffer's cynicism scale
Toward a National Estimate of Police Use of Nonlethal Force
Research Summary Despite frequent calls for national data on police use of force, the literature is dominated by unrepresentative samples from a small number of primarily urban jurisdictions, inconsistent definitions of force, and differing universes for the computation of rates. Among 36 publications that report on the amount of nonlethal force used by the police, rates vary from 0.1% to 31.8%. To improve our ability to estimate the amount of no…
A Preliminary Assessment of Small World Scholarship Networks in Criminology and Criminal Justice
The present study applies small world network analysis to 727 articles from Criminology, Justice Quarterly, and the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency to assess scholarship collaboration trends within criminology and criminal justice (CCJ). Findings indicate that CCJ scholars tend to collaborate (versus sole author) on a great number of peer‐reviewed efforts, with several scholars collaborating with well over 10, and as many as 40, uniq…
Unanalyzed evidence in law‐enforcement agencies
Research Summary This study investigated forensic evidence processing in a nationally representative sample of state and local law‐enforcement agencies (n = 3,153). For a 5‐year period, agencies reported that 14% of all unsolved homicides (an estimated 3,975 cases) and 18% of all unsolved rapes (an estimated 27,595 cases) contained forensic evidence that had not been submitted to a forensic crime laboratory for analysis. Approximately 40% of thes…
Untested Sexual Assault Kits
Chapter 21. Democratic Policing
Use of vascular neck restraints in law enforcement
The high-profile deaths of Eric Garner and George Floyd have led to legislative actions banning the use of neck restraints by law enforcement officers. The debates behind these policy changes are important, but they are also entirely lacking in any data on the actual use of neck restraints. We write neither to defend nor condemn the use of neck restraints by law enforcement; rather, we seek to provide information to assist with data-driven decisi…
Psychology (10 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (8 works) · Law (7 works) · Political science (7 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Law (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Criminology (4 works) · Item response theory (4 works)