Herbert G Baker
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4512871 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Herbert G Baker |
| PRENOMES | Herbert G |
| SOBRENOME | Baker |
| ASSINATURA | BAKER H G |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, Berkeley |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 20 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 22 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 20 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1934 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1991 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
The continuing evolution of weeds
Human influences on plant evolution
Man Across the Sea
Plants and Prehistory
In this book we shall stress the point that civilization would have been impossible without agriculture. Consequently, we must begin by explaining our use of the latter term, which for our purposes means the tilling of land and the deliberate sowing or planting of crop plants. It may or may not be accompanied by the domestication of herdable animals. Clearly, such a complicated process as the practice of agriculture could not have arisen suddenly…
The Utilization of Drug Plants
From the very earliest times, plants have provided man with real or supposed means of healing. According to the anthropologist Carleton Coon, the religious practitioner, or shaman, was the first specialist—his is the oldest profession. He performed a medical and religious function, because disease among primitive peoples is usually equated with invasion of the body by evil spirits, and, consequently, religious incantations and rituals would be ne…
Tanning and Decoration with Dyes
In this chapter we shall be concerned with a variety of substances that can be extracted from plant parts and used by man for the treatment and decoration of his clothing. These substances include tannins, which man has used from a very early date to prepare leather from the animal skins that formed his first covering, as well as plant dyestuffs, which he used for coloring skins (his own and those of the animals that he captured) and the textiles…
Necessities
Just as wheat was the characteristic cereal of the Old World, maize* was its counterpart in the New World, where there was no other cereal of comparable importance. Soon after the discovery of the New World, maize was introduced into the Old World, and has since become extremely important in the agricultural economies of all tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of both Worlds. In exceptionally favorable circumstances, an acre of maiz…
Possible Pre-Columbian Contacts between the Old and New Worlds
The famous Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle concluded that in the the history of crop plants there is no evidence of communications between the peoples of the Old and New Worlds before the discovery, or rediscovery, of America by Columbus. It is possible to hold this opinion almost unaltered today, although the subject has provoked heated discussions between some who believe that there were prehistoric contacts between the Americas and Africa,…
Plants and History
Although man domesticated plants at an early date, he did not study them seriously for a long time afterwards. Occasional plant sketches, made for example, on horn, by Paleolithic artists exist, but they are not nearly so cornmon as pictures of animals, and it seems clear that man was inclined to take the plants in his environment much more for granted.
Fermentation
The histories of baking and brewing have much in common because yeast is utilized in both. In baking, the primary function of this one-celled fungus (Fig. 10-1) is the production of carbon dioxide to leaven the dough. In brewing, both carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol are desirable products. In the latter process, growth of the yeast in the sugary liquid must take place under anaerobic conditions.
The Contribution of Trees
It is nearly impossible to do more than outline the ways in which forest trees and their products have been of use to man. Even though we are entering an age in which steel and plastics may seem to be outdating the use of wood, it is probable that new uses for wood and wood products are at least keeping pace with the loss of the old ones. Indeed, no material is more intimately connected with the growth and survival of our contemporary civilizatio…
Necessities Again
In addition to carbohydrates, the human diet must contain fats and proteins. Proteins, however, are often in short supply. Even in the tropics, where cereals may be infrequently grown, starches are generally available in such staples as cassava, taro, and yams. But there is often a protein deficiency in the diet of the indigenous peoples, particularly in the more densely populated regions of the world. For primitive man, the supply of proteins wa…
Necessities
If we are to consider New World and Old World food plants separately, there is no more appropriate place to begin than with wheat (Fig. 5-1). Unquestionably of Old World origin, wheat is now the world’s most widely cultivated crop, and is grown in all continents except Antarctica. Because of its extraordinarily widespread cultivation at the present day, there are wheat plants growing and maturing at all times of the year somewhere in the world. H…
Beverages and the Emergence of Tropical Nations
The beverages that civilized man consumes are of two kinds: alcoholic and nonalcoholic. Both have a social function; the nonalcoholic beverages are stimulants, whereas the alcoholic ones (contrary to much popular belief) are depressants. The stimulating effects of nonalcoholic beverages come from the alkaloids that they contain and which are extracted from the source materials, along with their flavors, by hot water. These alkaloids either are ca…
The Story of Rubber
One of the most dramatic events in the twentieth-century history of economic plant materials has been the spectacular rise of rubber to a position of indispensability. Included in this drama is the history of the Pará rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ), which involves stories of exploration, smuggling, and empire-building.
Luxuries
Sugars are the simplest kinds of carbohydrates. As a group they may be divided into (1) two kinds of monosaccharides: hexoses, such as glucose and fructose, with the empirical formula C 6 H 12 O 6 , and pentoses, with the formula C 5 H 10 O 5 ; and (2) disaccharides, generally with the formula C 12 H 22 O 11 , and including sucrose (or cane sugar) and maltose (or malt sugar). Sucrose is formed from the condensation together of a glucose and a fru…
Plants as Stimuli of Exploration and Exploitation
In tropical communities, the diet has always contained monotonous staples such as starchy grains or “roots.” Consequently, it is not surprising that in tropical countries the use of spices became very important at an early stage in history.
The Future of Plants in Relation to Man
In this final chapter it will be our purpose to attempt some forecast of the relation of plants to man in the future. Although we do hear that we live in the "Atomic Era" or the "Space Age," and even though our children tend to grow up in cities where they may see none of the usual and obvious aspects of the dependence of man upon plants, still there is practically no weakening of the bond that unites us to the plants. Even though we buy our food…
Plants and Civilization
Cecil Rhodes
Cecil Rhodes
Plants and Prehistory
In this book we shall stress the point that civilization would have been impossible without agriculture. Consequently, we must begin by explaining our use of the latter term, which for our purposes means the tilling of land and the deliberate sowing or planting of crop plants. It may or may not be accompanied by the domestication of herdable animals. Clearly, such a complicated process as the practice of agriculture could not have arisen suddenly…
The Utilization of Drug Plants
From the very earliest times, plants have provided man with real or supposed means of healing. According to the anthropologist Carleton Coon, the religious practitioner, or shaman, was the first specialist—his is the oldest profession. He performed a medical and religious function, because disease among primitive peoples is usually equated with invasion of the body by evil spirits, and, consequently, religious incantations and rituals would be ne…
Tanning and Decoration with Dyes
In this chapter we shall be concerned with a variety of substances that can be extracted from plant parts and used by man for the treatment and decoration of his clothing. These substances include tannins, which man has used from a very early date to prepare leather from the animal skins that formed his first covering, as well as plant dyestuffs, which he used for coloring skins (his own and those of the animals that he captured) and the textiles…
Necessities
Just as wheat was the characteristic cereal of the Old World, maize* was its counterpart in the New World, where there was no other cereal of comparable importance. Soon after the discovery of the New World, maize was introduced into the Old World, and has since become extremely important in the agricultural economies of all tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of both Worlds. In exceptionally favorable circumstances, an acre of maiz…
Possible Pre-Columbian Contacts between the Old and New Worlds
The famous Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle concluded that in the the history of crop plants there is no evidence of communications between the peoples of the Old and New Worlds before the discovery, or rediscovery, of America by Columbus. It is possible to hold this opinion almost unaltered today, although the subject has provoked heated discussions between some who believe that there were prehistoric contacts between the Americas and Africa,…
Plants and History
Although man domesticated plants at an early date, he did not study them seriously for a long time afterwards. Occasional plant sketches, made for example, on horn, by Paleolithic artists exist, but they are not nearly so cornmon as pictures of animals, and it seems clear that man was inclined to take the plants in his environment much more for granted.
Fermentation
The histories of baking and brewing have much in common because yeast is utilized in both. In baking, the primary function of this one-celled fungus (Fig. 10-1) is the production of carbon dioxide to leaven the dough. In brewing, both carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol are desirable products. In the latter process, growth of the yeast in the sugary liquid must take place under anaerobic conditions.
The Contribution of Trees
It is nearly impossible to do more than outline the ways in which forest trees and their products have been of use to man. Even though we are entering an age in which steel and plastics may seem to be outdating the use of wood, it is probable that new uses for wood and wood products are at least keeping pace with the loss of the old ones. Indeed, no material is more intimately connected with the growth and survival of our contemporary civilizatio…
Necessities Again
In addition to carbohydrates, the human diet must contain fats and proteins. Proteins, however, are often in short supply. Even in the tropics, where cereals may be infrequently grown, starches are generally available in such staples as cassava, taro, and yams. But there is often a protein deficiency in the diet of the indigenous peoples, particularly in the more densely populated regions of the world. For primitive man, the supply of proteins wa…
Necessities
If we are to consider New World and Old World food plants separately, there is no more appropriate place to begin than with wheat (Fig. 5-1). Unquestionably of Old World origin, wheat is now the world’s most widely cultivated crop, and is grown in all continents except Antarctica. Because of its extraordinarily widespread cultivation at the present day, there are wheat plants growing and maturing at all times of the year somewhere in the world. H…
Beverages and the Emergence of Tropical Nations
The beverages that civilized man consumes are of two kinds: alcoholic and nonalcoholic. Both have a social function; the nonalcoholic beverages are stimulants, whereas the alcoholic ones (contrary to much popular belief) are depressants. The stimulating effects of nonalcoholic beverages come from the alkaloids that they contain and which are extracted from the source materials, along with their flavors, by hot water. These alkaloids either are ca…
The Story of Rubber
One of the most dramatic events in the twentieth-century history of economic plant materials has been the spectacular rise of rubber to a position of indispensability. Included in this drama is the history of the Pará rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ), which involves stories of exploration, smuggling, and empire-building.
Luxuries
Sugars are the simplest kinds of carbohydrates. As a group they may be divided into (1) two kinds of monosaccharides: hexoses, such as glucose and fructose, with the empirical formula C 6 H 12 O 6 , and pentoses, with the formula C 5 H 10 O 5 ; and (2) disaccharides, generally with the formula C 12 H 22 O 11 , and including sucrose (or cane sugar) and maltose (or malt sugar). Sucrose is formed from the condensation together of a glucose and a fru…
Plants as Stimuli of Exploration and Exploitation
In tropical communities, the diet has always contained monotonous staples such as starchy grains or “roots.” Consequently, it is not surprising that in tropical countries the use of spices became very important at an early stage in history.
The Future of Plants in Relation to Man
In this final chapter it will be our purpose to attempt some forecast of the relation of plants to man in the future. Although we do hear that we live in the "Atomic Era" or the "Space Age," and even though our children tend to grow up in cities where they may see none of the usual and obvious aspects of the dependence of man upon plants, still there is practically no weakening of the bond that unites us to the plants. Even though we buy our food…
Plants and Civilization
Man Across the Sea
Human influences on plant evolution
The continuing evolution of weeds
Biology (13 obras) · Geography (13 obras) · Ecology (10 obras) · Archaeology (6 obras) · History (6 obras) · Agroforestry (5 obras) · Agriculture (4 obras) · Art (4 obras) · Botany (4 obras) · Chemistry (4 obras)